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Additional file 1: Table S1. Detail results of identified differentially methylated CpG sites.

INTRODUCTION Urinary uromodulin excretion has been associated with kidney diseases. However, serum uromodulin concentrations have not been extensively studied in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the results of published studies are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to evaluate serum uromodulin concentrations in patients with CKD and to assess the utility of serum uromodulin measurements for diagnosing CKD stages. PATIENTS AND METHODS This observational study included 170 patients with CKD stages 1 to 5, not treated by renal replacement therapy, and 30 healthy individuals. The serum levels of creatinine, cystatin C, and uromodulin were measured, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the 2012 CKD Epidemiology Collaboration cystatin‑creatinine equation. RESULTS Among patients with CKD, serum uromodulin concentrations were significantly lower than in controls, and were strongly negatively correlated with renal retention markers (ie, serum creatinine and cystatin C) and strongly positively correlated with eGFR. An inverse, hyperbolic relationship between serum creatinine and uromodulin levels was analogous to the well‑known association between serum creatinine concentrations and eGFR. A receiver‑operating characteristic curve analysis showed a high diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of serum uromodulin concentrations in the assessment of CKD stages. CONCLUSIONS Serum uromodulin concentrations are closely correlated with eGFR, which is the recommended measure of renal function. As uromodulin is produced exclusively by renal tubular cells, the assessment of uromodulin levels in patients with CKD may be an alternative method for evaluating the number of functioning nephrons.

Wstęp. Glukometry są powszechnie używane do samokontroli glikemii, uznanej za integralną część leczenia cukrzycy. W badaniu dokonano oceny analitycznej glukometru Contour® Plus wykorzystującego reakcję dehydrogenazy glukozy i technikę pomiaru amperometrycznego, przeznaczonego do stosowania w samokontroli glikemii, a także do wykonywania oznaczeń w miejscach opieki nad pacjentem. Materiał i metody. Ocenę precyzji i zmienności zależnej od serii pasków testowych oparto na pomiarach stężenia glukozy w krwi żylnej pobranej na EDTA (kwas etylenodiaminotetraoctowy). Z wykorzystaniem badanego glukometru mierzono stężenia glukozy w 208 próbkach świeżej krwi. Jako porównawczą zastosowano metodę heksokinazową na analizatorze Maxmat PLII. Wpływ hematokrytu na wyniki oceniano na podstawie pomiaru stężenia glukozy w próbkach krwi z hematokrytem zmodyfikowanym przez dodanie lub usunięcie określonej objętości osocza. Wyniki. Wyniki oznaczeń stężenia glukozy uzyskane obydwiema metodami korelowały ze sobą (r = 0,99; p < 0,0001). Współczynniki zmienności nieprecyzyjności dla serii jednoczesnych i stężeń glukozy rzędu około 72 mg/dl i około 222 mg/dl wynosiły odpowiednio: 2,40% i 2,37%. Współczynnik zmienności nieprecyzyjności między seriami dla stężenia glukozy rzędu około 123 mg/dl wynosił 2,14%. Różnice względne w wynikach zależne od serii pasków testowych wynosiły 0,88% i 1,16%. Błąd glukometru wyliczony dla całego zakresu stężeń glukozy wynosił 3,7%. W analizie siatki błędów 99,5% wyników mieściło się w strefie A. Glukometr spełniał wymogi dokładności normy International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15197:2013. Uzupełnianie próbki krwi w pasku testowym nie miało wpływu na dokładność oznaczeń. Zależna od hematokrytu zmiana stężenia glukozy wynosiła -0,126 mg/dl (0,073%) na 1% wzrostu hematokrytu. Wnioski. Oceniany glukometr spełnia aktualne wymogi jakości analitycznej jako system do monitorowania stężenia glukozy we krwi, jest odpowiedni do stosowania w samokontroli glikemii, a także w warunkach szpitalnych i ambulatoryjnych. Introduction. Glucose meters are widely used for self- -monitoring of blood glucose considered an integral part of the treatment of diabetes. In this study we evaluated the analytical performance of the Contour® Plus glucose meter utilizing glucose dehydrogenase reaction and amperometric measurement technique, intended for use in self-monitoring of blood glucose as well as for point-of-care testing. Material and methods. The evaluation of precision and test strips lot dependent variability was based on a series of measurements of glucose concentration in venous blood collected on EDTA. With the use of the evaluated meter, glucose concentrations were measured with 208 fresh venous blood samples. As a comparator hexokinase method on the Maxmat PLII analyzer was used. The hematocrit effect was assessed by measuring glucose concentrations in blood samples with hematocrit modified by adding or removing a defined volume of plasma. Results. Results of glucose concentration measurements using both methods correlated with each other (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001). The within-run imprecision coefficients of variation for glucose concentrations of ~72 mg/dl and ~222 mg/dl amounted to 2.40% and 2.37%, respectively. The between-run coefficient of variation for glucose concentration of ~123 mg/dl was 2.14%. Lot dependent relative differences between the results were equal to 0.88% and 1.16%. Glucose meter error calculated for the entire range of glucose concentrations was 3.7%. The error grid analysis yielded 99.5% of the results within zone A. The meter meets the accuracy requirements of the ISO 15197:2013. Supplementing a blood sample in the test strip did not affect the accuracy. Hematocrit dependent change of glucose concentration amounted to –0.126 mg/dL (0.073%) per 1% increase in hematocrit. Conclusions. The evaluated glucose meter meets the current requirements of analytical quality and suitable for use in self-monitoring of blood glucose as well as in the hospital and outpatient setting.

Introduction: Vascular calcification independently predicts cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) is a marker for atherosclerotic plaque burden, vascular calcification and has been shown to be a predictor of incidence of myocardial infarction and death from Cardiovascular (CV) disease. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate factors influencing CV mortality in a group of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) patients during a six year observation period. Patients and methods: The study included 53 patients with no symptoms of CV disease (25 women, 28 men; mean age of 52 ± 12 years) treated with PD for a median period of 24 months. Baseline Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was assessed and CACS was measured using Multi-Row Spiral Computed Tomography (MSCT). Laboratory measurements included high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OC), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), total calcium (Ca) and phosphates (Pi). The data concerning mortality was collected over a 6 year period. Results: During the six year observation period, 24 (45%) patients died, including 19 due to CV causes. Median overall survival was 72 months (lower quartile, 17 months). CACS was a significant predictor of all-cause and CV mortality both in simple analysis (HR=1.03 per 100 Agatston units, p=0.02 and HR=1.05, p=0.003), as well as in a multiple model adjusted for age of patients, dialysis duration, weekly creatinine clearance, Ca x Pi, iPTH, OPG, hsCRP and FRS (HR=1.04, p=0.02 and HR=1.05, p=0.01). The value of 800 Agatston units significantly differentiated the group into those with higher and lower risk for CV death (p=0.04). Age and FGF23 concentration were independent predictors of CACS. Also, hsCRP and FRS significantly predicted all-cause and CV mortality in simple Cox regression (HR=1.04, p=0.002 and HR=1.04, p=0.003; HR=1.14, p=0.047 and HR=1.23, p=0.01) as well as in a multiple model (HR=1.05, p=0.002 and HR=1.05, p=0.01; HR=1.23, p=0.01 and HR=1.33, p=0.004). Adding CACS to FRS and hsCRP significantly improved the prediction of cardiovascular mortality (p=0.02). Conclusions: Coronary calcium imaging is a non-invasive method of CV risk stratification that can accurately identify high-risk asymptomatic dialysis patients at the start of dialysis. The assessment of CACS together with inflammatory markers and conventional CV risk factors (FRS) may contribute to early diagnosis, prevention and reduction of deaths from CV disease in dialysis patients. Among the markers of bone disease, FGF-23 (a regulator of phosphorus metabolism) may be an early predictor of vascular calcification among dialysis patients.

102 patients suffering from hereditary angioedema (HAE) belonging to 41 families have been studied. 96 patients (95.1%) had type I HAE characterized by low antigenic level and low functional activity of C1 inhibitor. 6 patients (4.9%) had type II HAE related to low functional activity of C1 inhibitor. The swelling of subcutaneous tissue was observed in 74 patients and the bowel muccose in 38 patients. The infusions of C1 inhibitor (Berinert P) were very effective and good tolerated in the therapy of 50 sever angioedema attacks. 15 patients were given long prophylactic treatment with Danazol with full success but side effects were very often in many patients especially in women.