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6. Federated Evaluation and Tuning for On-Device Personalization: System Design & Applications

Author

Paulik, Matthias, Seigel, Matt, Mason, Henry, Telaar, Dominic, Kluivers, Joris, van Dalen, Rogier, Lau, Chi Wai, Carlson, Luke, Granqvist, Filip, Vandevelde, Chris, Agarwal, Sudeep, Freudiger, Julien, Byde, Andrew, Bhowmick, Abhishek, Kapoor, Gaurav, Beaumont, Si, Cahill, Áine, Hughes, Dominic, Javidbakht, Omid, Dong, Fei, Rishi, Rehan, and Hung, Stanley

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

We describe the design of our federated task processing system. Originally, the system was created to support two specific federated tasks: evaluation and tuning of on-device ML systems, primarily for the purpose of personalizing these systems. In recent years, support for an additional federated task has been added: federated learning (FL) of deep neural networks. To our knowledge, only one other system has been described in literature that supports FL at scale. We include comparisons to that system to help discuss design decisions and attached trade-offs. Finally, we describe two specific large scale personalization use cases in detail to showcase the applicability of federated tuning to on-device personalization and to highlight application specific solutions., Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure

Published
2021

10. Protection Against Reconstruction and Its Applications in Private Federated Learning

Author

Bhowmick, Abhishek, Duchi, John, Freudiger, Julien, Kapoor, Gaurav, and Rogers, Ryan

Subjects
Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

In large-scale statistical learning, data collection and model fitting are moving increasingly toward peripheral devices---phones, watches, fitness trackers---away from centralized data collection. Concomitant with this rise in decentralized data are increasing challenges of maintaining privacy while allowing enough information to fit accurate, useful statistical models. This motivates local notions of privacy---most significantly, local differential privacy, which provides strong protections against sensitive data disclosures---where data is obfuscated before a statistician or learner can even observe it, providing strong protections to individuals' data. Yet local privacy as traditionally employed may prove too stringent for practical use, especially in modern high-dimensional statistical and machine learning problems. Consequently, we revisit the types of disclosures and adversaries against which we provide protections, considering adversaries with limited prior information and ensuring that with high probability, ensuring they cannot reconstruct an individual's data within useful tolerances. By reconceptualizing these protections, we allow more useful data release---large privacy parameters in local differential privacy---and we design new (minimax) optimal locally differentially private mechanisms for statistical learning problems for \emph{all} privacy levels. We thus present practicable approaches to large-scale locally private model training that were previously impossible, showing theoretically and empirically that we can fit large-scale image classification and language models with little degradation in utility.

Published
2018

11. A Protection Approach for Power System Fault Categorization

Author

Yadav, Tarachand, Ali, Shoyab, Kapoor, Gaurav, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Mahajan, Vasundhara, editor, Chowdhury, Anandita, editor, Padhy, Narayana Prasad, editor, and Lezama, Fernando, editor

Published
2022
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16. HWT-DCDI-Based Approach for Fault Identification in Six-Phase Power Transmission Network

Author

Kapoor, Gaurav, Walde, Pratima, Shaw, Rabindra Nath, Ghosh, Ankush, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Mekhilef, Saad, editor, Favorskaya, Margarita, editor, Pandey, R. K., editor, and Shaw, Rabindra Nath, editor

Published
2021
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17. Fault Detection in Power Transmission System Using Reverse Biorthogonal Wavelet

Author

Kapoor, Gaurav, Mishra, Vishesh Kumar, Shaw, Rabindra Nath, Ghosh, Ankush, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Mekhilef, Saad, editor, Favorskaya, Margarita, editor, Pandey, R. K., editor, and Shaw, Rabindra Nath, editor

Published
2021
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22. Wavelet Transform-Based Artificial Intelligence Scheme for the Detection of Transforming Faults, Multi-location Faults and Cross-Country Faults in Wind Farm-Integrated Double-Circuit Transmission Line

Author

Sharma, Deepika, Kapoor, Gaurav, Agarwal, Shilpa, Bansal, Jagdish Chand, Series Editor, Deep, Kusum, Series Editor, Nagar, Atulya K., Series Editor, Purohit, Sunil Dutt, editor, Singh Jat, Dharm, editor, Poonia, Ramesh Chandra, editor, Kumar, Sandeep, editor, and Hiranwal, Saroj, editor

Published
2021
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27. Coiflet Wavelet Transform-Based Protection Scheme for Wind-Fed Series-Compensated Transmission Line

Author

Kapoor, Gaurav, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Goyal, Dinesh, editor, Gupta, Amit Kumar, editor, Piuri, Vincenzo, editor, Ganzha, Maria, editor, and Paprzycki, Marcin, editor

Published
2021
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28. Recognition of Faults in Wind-Park-Included Series-Compensated Three-Phase Transmission Line Using Hilbert–Huang Transform

Author

Kapoor, Gaurav, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Ray, Kanad, editor, Roy, Krishna Chandra, editor, Toshniwal, Sandeep Kumar, editor, Sharma, Harish, editor, and Bandyopadhyay, Anirban, editor

Published
2021
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30. Comparison of diagnostic capability of macular ganglion cell complex vs retinal fiber layer thickness in primary open angle glaucoma patients of Indian origin.

Author

Srivastava, Arpit, Sharma, Vikas, Kapoor, Gaurav, V. K. B., Muthu Kamal, K., Baranwal Vinod, and Singh, Ankita

Subjects
OPTICAL coherence tomography, FISHER exact test, OPEN-angle glaucoma, RECEIVER operating characteristic curves, NERVE fibers
Abstract

Purpose: Comparison of diagnostic capability of macular ganglion cell complex thickness vs. retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Settings and Design: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out between June 2021 and October 2022 at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Methods: A total of 118 eyes were included in the study with 30 control and the rest 88 eyes with POAG were divided into three groups based on visual field loss Group 1 (30 eyes): early field loss with mean deviation (MD) < -6 dB; Group 2 (30 eyes): moderate field loss with MD -6 to -12 dB; and Group 3 (28 eyes): severe field loss with MD > -12 dB. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to measure RNFL loss and ganglion cell inferior plexiform layer (GCIPL) loss were taken for each patient. Statistical Analysis Used: Categorical variables were analyzed using either the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. A receiver operating characteristics analysis was calculated to determine optimal cut-off values of superior, inferior, and average GCIPL and RNFL for determining the severity of field loss as compared to controls (30 normal eyes). Results: In the mild field loss group the sensitivity of superior, inferior, and average GCIPL was 86.7, 96.7, and 96.7%, respectively. Similarly, the specificity was 96.7, 93.3, and 100%, respectively. In the same group, the sensitivity of superior, inferior, and average RNFL was 70, 93, and 66%, respectively. Similarly, the specificity was 46.7, 83.3, and 70%, respectively. In the moderate and severe groups, the results were comparable. Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of GCIPL loss are significantly better than that of RNFL parameters in the mild field loss group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Exploration of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Integrated Design Methodology for Potential Application to a Wind Turbine Blade

Author

Kapoor, Gaurav and Kapoor, Gaurav

Subjects
Turbines Blades Design and construction., Wind turbines Design and construction., Computational fluid dynamics., Dynamique des fluides numérique., Computational fluid dynamics, Turbines Blades Design and construction, Wind turbines Design and construction
Abstract

The main purpose of this thesis is to conduct a parametric sensitivity study on the blade design of AOC 15/50 wind turbine based on a CFD approach and optimize the blade design for maximizing the power output. The ANSYS Fluent flow solver using the K-w SST Turbulence model was validated by simulating the flow over two dimensional airfoils comprising the AOC 15/50 turbine blade. The CFD results have shown a considerable agreement with the experimental data for the airfoils.

Published
2023

39. Critical Evaluation of RFID Applications in Healthcare

Author

Tu, Yu-Ju, Chi, Huihui, Zhou, Wei, Kapoor, Gaurav, Eryarsoy, Enes, Piramuthu, Selwyn, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Doss, Robin, editor, Piramuthu, Selwyn, editor, and Zhou, Wei, editor

Published
2019
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40. An SMMBG-Based Relaying Technique for Detection and Categorization of Faults in TCSC-Compensated Transmission Lines

Author

KAPOOR Gaurav

Subjects
fault detection, fault classification, simplified mathematical morphology, transmission line protection, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

This paper presents a relaying technique for detection and categorization of various types of faults such as intermittent faults (IFs), bus faults (BFs), and multi-position faults (MPFs) in transmission lines with TCSC-compensation including faults under variation in the degree of series compensation. The SMMBG (simplified mathematical morphological beucher gradient) is utilized for the removal of characteristics from the fault currents to detect and categorize various fault types. The three-phase fault currents are measured at B-1 of the line to extort the beucher gradients of SMMBG from the three-phase fault currents and zero-sequence component of fault current after fault inception followed by the modeling and simulation of TCSC-compensated transmission line (TCTL) in MATLAB software. The performance of presented relaying technique is evaluated for a TCTL connecting together two power plants of 400-kV and also, the technique is tested under unexpected load switching events (SEs) and various fault situations. The response of the SMMBG-based technique is found perfect and rapid independent of type of fault, resistance of fault, position of fault, degree of series compensation, and time at which the fault is incepted.

Published
2020

45. Noninvasive neuromodulatory effect on cognition in individuals with traumatic brain injury: A single-blinded, two-arm parallel randomized clinical trial.

Author

Kaushik, Kavita, Sharma, Nidhi, Kumar, Parveen, Kaur, Simranjeet, Kapoor, Gaurav, and Gehlot, Ajay

Abstract

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the effect of cranial electrical stimulation (CES) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in improving cognition among individuals with mild traumatic brain injury. Patients and methods: The pretest-posttest randomized controlled study was conducted between November 2020 and March 2022. Seventy-two patients (64 males, 8 females; mean age: 40.5±9.5 years; range, 18 to 45 years) experiencing cognitive impairment within three months of traumatic brain injury were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1 (CES with cognitive training, n=36) and Group 2 (tDCS with cognitive training, n=36). Participants were blinded in the study. Both groups received 30-min sessions of neuromodulation along with 30 min of cognitive training five days a week for four weeks. The patients were assessed at baseline and at the end of two and four weeks of intervention. The primary outcome measure was the Montreal Cognition Assessment (MoCA), and the secondary outcome measure was the Galveston Orientation Amnesia Test (GOAT). Results: Demographic and baseline characteristics depicted normal distribution for both groups (p>0.05). Within group analyses of both groups demonstrated significant differences for both outcome measures (MoCA: p=0.001; GOAT: p=0.001). Between group analyses of MoCA showed significant improvement with p-value of 0.001 while GOAT exhibited p-value of 0.002 showing significant difference between the two groups. Time group interaction effect and covariance analyses depicted significant improvement with p-value of 0.001 for both outcome measures with excellent effect size >0.80. Conclusion: Cranial electrical stimulation was a more effective noninvasive neuromodulatory device than tDCS in improving cognition among individuals with traumatic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Effects of a program consisting of strain/counterstrain technique, phonophoresis, heat therapy, and stretching in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction: A pilot study

Author

Azam, Insha, primary, Chahal, Aksh, additional, Kapoor, Gaurav, additional, Chaudhuri, Pooja, additional, Alghadir, Ahmad H., additional, Khan, Masood, additional, Kashoo, Faizan Z., additional, Esht, Vandana, additional, Alshehri, Mohammed M., additional, Shaphe, Mohammad Abu, additional, Khan, Abdur Raheem, additional, and Singh, Gurjant, additional

Published
2023
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