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Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plastic film is widely produced and applied in many daily applications. Although it provides many benefits to human activity, the disposal of commercial plastics has always been a serious problem as it will contribute to landfilling issues and environmental pollution. Bioplastic film was invented to resolve part of this issue, as most of the plastic film produced from natural sources is biodegradable. However, the biodegradability and characteristics of the film are highly dependent on the type of raw material, production procedure, and chemical composition. In this study, extracted kapok cellulose was acetylated into cellulose acetate (CA) with various levels of acetic acid (17.5, 20, and 22.5 mL), acetic anhydride (5, 7.5, and 10 mL) and acetylation time (30, 45 and 60 min). The Box–Behnken design was applied to evaluate the quality of the produced film. The design showed that the level of acetic acid has a strong impact on CA's yield, acetic anhydride has a greater influence on tensile strength, and CA's solubility has a stronger connection with the acetylation time. All modeling equations developed were validated with the coefficient of determination, R2 more than 0.6. The optimized factor levels for the ductile-like film on acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and acetylation time are 20.530 mL, 9.546 mL, and 55.45 min, respectively. Whereas for brittle-like film, the optimized factor level is 22.399 mL, 10 mL, and 60 min, respectively. The ductility and brittleness of a plastic film can be modified by adjusting these level factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furfural compounds, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, and 5-methylfurfural, are common in foods and pose health risks. This study presents a pipette-tip solid-phase extraction with in-situ derivatization (PT-KF-SPE/ISD) method for rapid analysis of furfural compounds in various food matrices. Utilizing natural kapok fiber as an efficient adsorbent, this method integrates extraction and derivatization into a single step via a simple pull-push operation. Derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine increases the hydrophobicity and ultraviolet absorption of furfural compounds, enabling sensitive liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. The method shows good linearity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, with limits of detection in ranges of 3.9–6.0 ng/mL. Real sample analysis confirms its applicability in detecting furfural compounds in beverages and herbal products, offering a reliable and eco-friendly solution for food safety and quality control. Five greenness assessment metrics demonstrate the method's excellent environmental friendliness. This approach highlights the advantages of combining natural adsorbents with in-situ derivatization for efficient food analysis.

Kapok fiber (KF) with a naturally hollow structure has found an increasing application in filling and composite materials, most of which have a demand of flame retardancy. To realize this high-value utilization, KF was phosphorylated by a reactive phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing flame retardant for enhanced fire safety. The flame retardant was first synthesized by the reaction of urea and diethylene triamine pentakis (methyl phosphonic acid) (a commercially available scale inhibitor) with low cost, and then, applied in the phosphorylation of KF in the presence of dicyandiamide. In thermogravimetric analysis, phosphorylated KF showed 38.1% residue weight in nitrogen and 10.2% residue weight in air at 700°C, whereas the residue weight of KF was 8.4% in nitrogen and 1.5% in air. In microcalorimetric analysis, the heat release capacity and total heat release of phosphorylated KF displayed a reduction of 81% and 55%, respectively. In vertical combustion test, phosphorylated KF was difficult to ignite and had no afterburning or smoldering. The tests indicated that phosphorylated KF had excellent charring properties, low heat release, and good flame retardancy. This work suggests a promising strategy of enhancing the flame retardancy of KF and increasing its applicability in filling and composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since biomass-derived carbon materials possess the advantages of peculiar morphology and low density. They have received significant attention on microwave absorption materials. We synthesize a one-dimensional hollow FeCo/carbon microtubule (FeCo/CMT) derived from homogeneous kapok fiber using a feasible solvothermal method and calcination process. The graphitization degree and magnetic properties of FeCo/CMT could be controlled by manipulating the calcination temperature. The FeCo/CMT composite with the calcination temperature of 600 °C demonstrated exceptional microwave absorption performance, characterized by strong absorption (−50.6 dB), broadband absorption (12.4–18.0 GHz), thin thickness (2.5 mm), and low loading (10 wt%). The hollow structure, interfacial polarization, and the synergistic effect between FeCo and CMT collectively account for the microwave absorption mechanisms. Considering its outstanding comprehensive characteristics and performance, the biomass-derived hollow FeCo/CMT shows great potential for widespread application as a high-performance microwave absorption material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, biomass carbon has been widely used in the field of micro wave absorption due to its low cost, easy preparation, excellent physical and chemical properties, and porous structure. However, its microwave absorption performance is still limited by poor impedance caused by high conductivity. Here, nickel (Ni) is used to modify kapok fibers, and then the nickel/carbon derived form kapok fiber (Ni/C) composites are obtained at different carbonization temperatures. The scanning electron microscopy results indicate that the size of Ni particles increases, and more defect structures appear on the surface of kapok fibers with the increase of carbonization temperature. The XRT) and XPS results confirmed the successful combination of Ni and carbon derived from kapok fiber. The Raman results indicate that the increase in carbonization temperature results in more graphite structures, enriching the conductive loss ability of the composites. Finally, we mixed the composite with paraffin at an ultra-low filling ratio of 5; 95, and the Ni/C-800 showed a reflection loss value of --52. 6 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.32 GHz. The excellent absorption performance of composites depends on the synergistic effect of attenuation ability and impedance matching, the combined effect of dielectric and magnetic losses, and the enhancement of multiple scattering ability caused by large specific surface area and hollow porous structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the flammability of kapok fiber (KF) is an important strategy to increase its applicability. In this work, the phosphorylation of KF with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) was used to reduce its flammability, the conditions of phosphorylation reaction were studied in detail, and the chemical groups, crystalline structure, thermal stability, heat release capability, flammability and charring ability of phosphorylated KF were analyzed. KF showed significantly higher phosphorylation level than cotton, and its phosphorylation greatly depended on ADP and urea dosage, reaction temperature and time, and pH. Urea addition, pH 6, 150 ℃ and 1 h rendered high phosphorylation with acceptable whiteness. Phosphorylated KF exhibited good char-forming, low heat release and excellent flame retardant performances during thermal degradation and combustion as evidenced by thermogravimetric, microcalorimetric, vertical combustion and combustion residue morphology analyses. The residue rate of phosphorylated KF subjected to thermal degradation exceeded 50% in nitrogen, and 25% in air. This investigation demonstrates that phosphorylated KF is an intrinsically flame retardant material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oilfield-produced water treatment using raw Kapok fiber (RKF) and a modified surface of Kapok fiber followed by an ultrafiltration membrane was conducted to reduce total dissolved solids (TDS), phenol, and barium. Variables considered in the experiment were contact times (30, 60, 90 min.), the flow rate of samples (5, 6, and 7 L/min), and trans-membrane pressure of ultrafiltration membrane (0.25, 0.35, and 0.50 bar). Raw Kapok fiber and modified surface Kapok fiber were used to investigate the effect of Kapok fiber on total dissolved solids, phenol, and barium removals from produced water. The results showed that raw KF decreased the TDS, phenol, and barium by 51.81%, 62.63%, and 54.20%, respectively. Treatment of raw Kapok fiber column filtrate using ultrafiltration membranes (UF) showed the removal of TDS, barium, and phenol achieved 73.15%, 42.44%, and 79.45%, respectively, at a flow rate of 5 L/min, TMP of 0.25 bar, and contact time of 90 min. Modifying the Kapok fiber surface using sodium hydroxide solution (5 wt%) and hot water (98.5 °C) reduced the TDS, phenol, and barium to 57.32%, 65.83%, and 79.08%, respectively. Further, at the same operating condition, the modified surface of Kapok fiber followed by UF decreased 94.31% TDS, 84.20% phenol, and 56.23% barium, respectively. The results show that modification of the Kapok fiber surface followed by UF can be used to remove the TDS, phenol, and barium from produced water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanostructure of materials plays a key role in interfacial solar vapor generation. Traditional approaches for optimizing interfacial evaporation rely on the external devices to enable floating on water. However, how to unlock the self-floating ability of absorbers for solar interfacial evaporation have not been taken into account. Here, we propose a self-floating absorber based on kapok fibers, which possess large hollow structure and hydrophobicity to enable this absorber float on water without assistance. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were loaded on kapok fibres by in-situ synthesis and showed an extended adsorption (74.7%) wavelength ranging from 280 to 2500 nm. Both the hollow structure of kapok fibres and the thermal localization effect of AuNPs sustaintially enhance the solar interfere vapor generation effect (4 kW m−2, up to 89%). Also, Each cycle test was carried out under 1 h irradiation. The AuNPs/kapok membrane exhibited stable cycling performance, which maintained an evaporation rate of 6.98 kg m−2 h−1 over 10 times without performance decrease. These results provide new insights for design of advanced photothermal conversion materials with biomass as supporting material, We expect this as-prepared membrane can be used for a range of applications, such as solar interference steam generation, desalination and disinfection, to name a few. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kapok fiber as a natural sorbent with excellent hydrophobic-oleophilic characteristic was studied. The effect of temperature on oil sorption behavior and wettability of kapok fiber powder was quantitatively evaluated by capillary rise method. Results showed that at the packing density of 0.1 g/cm3, the oil sorption capacity of kapok fiber powder presented only about 5% difference when the temperature ranged from 20°C to 90°C, with the values to engine oil, mineral oil, and PAO4 ranging from 10.96 to10.42 g/g, 10.73 to 10.18 g/g, and 10.25 to 9.89 g/g, respectively. However, the sorption coefficient which related to the sorption rate increased almost exponentially with the increasing of temperature. Then, the oil wettability of kapok fiber powder was further investigated from the perspective of contact angle. Nearly logarithmic increment in contact angle between the fiber powder and test oil was observed when higher temperature condition was applied, indicating that the enhancement of temperature apparently weaken the wettability of oil to solid powder. The adhesion work between fiber powder and oil was evaluated based on Young–Dupré equation, which suggested that higher temperature lead to lower adhesion work. Outcomes from this research are believed to provide importance reference for the usage of kapok fiber as sorbent when different temperatures are applied.

Natural fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites have attracted many researchers’ attention compared to synthetic fiber composites due to their better mechanical properties. Besides being inexpensive, natural fibers are eco-friendly. In the literature, kenaf fiber has shown an enormous future for its suitability in technical applications. The present studies explore the mechanical properties of kenaf and kapok fiber reinforced hybrid polyester composites. The composites are prepared by simple hand lay-up technique. The test specimens were prepared according to ASTM standards and the tensile, bending, and impact strength was evaluated experimentally. The result shows that composite with equal contribution of kenaf and kapok fiber reinforcement has tensile and impact strength of 25.25 ± 4.29 MPa and 46.65 ± 0.01 KJ/m2 respectively. As the kapok fiber content increases the bending strength and bending modulus of composites decrease. The results show that the tensile and impact strength of hybrid composites has improved considerably compared to neat kapok composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to examine the fractured surfaces of tested specimens.

Natural fiber materials are often favored as a replacement to synthetically made sound absorbers due to its comparable sound absorption properties as well as in the effort to reduce the environmental issue. However, studies are weighted heavily on evaluating the performance of a single or composite fiber and only few studies focused on the multi-layer fiber. In this paper, the sound absorption performance of multi-layer coir and kapok fibers is presented. The kapok fiber is used as the assisting layer element for the coir fiber. A combination of coir fibers with different layer thicknesses and with additional 2 mm thick kapok layer shows significant improvement of the absorption bandwidth. It is also found that the kapok fiber layer placed in between the coir fiber layers show the best improvement of the absorption frequency bandwidth.

This study used a simple and efficient dipping method to prepare oleophilic calcium stearate-coated kapok fibers (CaSt2-KF) with improved hydrophobicity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the deposition of calcium stearate particles on the surface of the kapok fibers. This led to higher surface roughness and improved static water contact angle of 137.4°. The calcium stearate-coated kapok fibers exhibited comparable sorption capacities for kerosene, diesel, and palm oil. However, the highest sorption capacity of 59.69 g/g was observed for motor oil at static conditions. For motor oil in water, the coated fibers exhibited fast initial sorption and a 65% removal efficiency after 30 s. At equilibrium, CaSt2-KF attained a sorption capacity of 33.9 g/g and 92.5% removal efficiency for motor oil in water. The sorption kinetics of pure motor oil and motor oil in water follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the Elovich model further described chemisorption. Intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion were both present, with the latter being the predominant diffusion mechanism during motor oil sorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To make full use of Chinese domestic kapok fiber, the microstructure and composition structure of kapok collected in Quanzhou, China, were investigated and compared with the popular Indonesia ceiba. FIB-SEM images showed the similar fine tube structures of both kapok fibers with the wall thickness and hollow ratios of 806.1 nm, 85.56% and 863.3 nm, 82.40% respectively. Mesopores with the average width of 48.247 and 38.758 Å were proved to be slit pores produced by the packing of porous lamellae. Quanzhou kapok was superior to Indonesia ceiba in terms of wall thickness, hollow ratio, specific surface area and pore size which would be better at oil adsorption. Both kapok fibers were primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Quanzhou kapok had better thermostability and higher degradation speed than those of Indonesia ceiba. Inside the fiber, cellulose skeletons were in the arrangement of helical ribbon, while amorphous lignin and hemicellulose made up the fibrillar interval and cemented the fiber together. The interstice between the different compositions should be the mesopores. In this paper, the experimental results were discussed and analyzed in detail aiming at microstructure and composition distribution of kapok fiber, providing reference values for the applications and product development process of Chinese domestic kapok fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fiber materials are often favored as a replacement to synthetically made sound absorbers due to its comparable sound absorption properties as well as in the effort to reduce the environmental issue. However, studies are weighted heavily on evaluating the performance of a single or composite fiber and only few studies focused on the multi-layer fiber. In this paper, the sound absorption performance of multi-layer coir and kapok fibers is presented. The kapok fiber is used as the assisting layer element for the coir fiber. A combination of coir fibers with different layer thicknesses and with additional 2 mm thick kapok layer shows significant improvement of the absorption bandwidth. It is also found that the kapok fiber layer placed in between the coir fiber layers show the best improvement of the absorption frequency bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites have attracted many researchers’ attention compared to synthetic fiber composites due to their better mechanical properties. Besides being inexpensive, natural fibers are eco-friendly. In the literature, kenaf fiber has shown an enormous future for its suitability in technical applications. The present studies explore the mechanical properties of kenaf and kapok fiber reinforced hybrid polyester composites. The composites are prepared by simple hand lay-up technique. The test specimens were prepared according to ASTM standards and the tensile, bending, and impact strength was evaluated experimentally. The result shows that composite with equal contribution of kenaf and kapok fiber reinforcement has tensile and impact strength of 25.25 ± 4.29 MPa and 46.65 ± 0.01 KJ/m² respectively. As the kapok fiber content increases the bending strength and bending modulus of composites decrease. The results show that the tensile and impact strength of hybrid composites has improved considerably compared to neat kapok composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to examine the fractured surfaces of tested specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete is a brittle material, this weak point of concrete can be eliminated by using different fibers for this reason, in this study, it is aimed to investigate both the concretes containing polypropylene, kapok and coconut fibers and their usage areas, and to investigate the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the concretes obtained by using these fibers in different proportions by keeping the amount of cement in the concrete mixtures constant. 10x10x10 cm cubed samples for physical and mechanical properties, 8x4x1 cm concrete samples from the produced materials for thermal conductivity tests were cut and subjected to the test. Generally, the use of polypropylene, kapok and coconut fibers added concretes does not technically cause a troublesome situation, but provides numerous benefits to the concrete. As the fiber dosage increased, the water absorption rate and the ultrasonic velocity increased, but the thermal conductivity coefficient decreased. It was thought that the increase of fiber dosage will contribute to thermal insulation by decreasing the thermal conductivity value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kapok fiber (KF), with the characteristics of a natural hollow structure, light weight, and low density, can be used as acoustic and thermal insulation, buoyancy, adsorption, filling, and composite material. The flame-retardant treatment can expand the functionality and application of KF. In this work, the phosphorylation of KF using phytic acid (PA) in the presence of urea at a high temperature was used to enhance its flame retardancy. The phosphorylation reaction conditions were discussed, and the surface topography, thermal degradation, heat release, and combustion properties of phosphorylated KF were studied. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses confirmed the grafting of PA on cellulose by the formation of phosphate ester bonds. Due to the covalent binding of PA, phosphorylated KF exhibited good washing durability. The surface topography, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG), and microcalorimetry analyses revealed the excellent charring ability of phosphorylated KF. In the TG test in nitrogen, the char residue increased to 42.6% of phosphorylated KF from 8.3% of raw KF at 700 °C. In the vertical combustion, raw KF sheet was almost completely burned out within 30 s, while phosphorylated KF was very difficult to catch fire. In the microcalorimetry analysis, the heat release capacity and total heat release of phosphorylated KF decreased to 67 J/g∙K and 3.9 kJ/g, respectively from 237 J/g∙K and 18.1 kJ/g of raw KF. This work suggests that phosphorylated KF is an excellent flame-retardant material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing degradation of fossil fuels has motivated the globe to turn to green energy solutions such as biofuel in order to minimize the entire reliance on fossil fuels. Green renewable resources have grown in popularity in recent years as a result of the advancement of environmental technology solutions. Kapok fiber is a sort of cellulosic fiber derived from kapok tree seeds (Ceiba pentandra). Kapok Fiber, as a bio-template, offers the best alternatives to provide clean and renewable energy sources. The unique structure, good conductivity, and excellent physical properties exhibited by kapok fiber nominate it as a highly favored cocatalyst for deriving solar energy processes. This review will explore the role and recent developments of KF in energy production, including hydrogen and CO2 reduction. Moreover, this work summarized the potential of kapok fiber in environmental applications, including adsorption and degradation. The future contribution and concerns are highlighted in order to provide perspective on the future advancement of kapok fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing hierarchical structures is indispensable to tuning the electromagnetic properties of carbon-based materials. Here, carbon microtubes with nanometer wall thickness and micrometer diameter were fabricated by a feasible approach with economical and sustainable kapok fiber. The carbonized kapok fiber (CKF) exhibits microscale pores from the inherent porous templates as well as pyrolysis-induced nanopores inside the wall, affording the hierarchical carbon microtube with excellent microwave absorbing performance over broad frequency. Particularly, CKF-650 exhibits an optimized reflection loss (RL) of −62.46 dB (10.32 GHz, 2.2 mm), while CKF-600 demonstrates an effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) of 6.80 GHz (11.20–18.00 GHz, 2.8 mm). Moreover, more than 90% of the incident electromagnetic wave ranging from 2.88 GHz to 18.00 GHz can be dissipated by simply controlling the carbonization temperature of KF and/or the thickness of the carbon-microtube-based absorber. These encouraging findings provide a facile alternative route to fabricate microwave absorbers with broadband attenuation capacity by utilizing sustainable biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable oil absorbing materials have attracted extensive attention in dealing with oil spill pollution. To develop more excellent oleophilic oil sorbent, the combination of tannic acid and ferrous sulfate was employed to treat the renewable and biodegradable natural kapok fiber. The as-prepared kapok showed superhydrophobic characteristics with high water contact for the formation of tannic acid and ferrous ion complex on kapok surface, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy observation and infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The preparation process of the modified kapok fiber was optimized. When the sodium chlorite pretreated kapok fiber was firstly treated with 4.25 g/l tannic acid and subsequently immersed in 4.25 g/l tannic acid and 6.25 g/l ferrous sulfate mixture at 60 °C for 15 min, the asprepared kapok fiber presented the best oil absorption capacity and hydrophobicity (water contact angle 150.7 °). The treated kapok had good adsorption capacity for oils and organic solvents, 48.2, 41.6, 53.4, 52.8, 49.2, 41.2 g/g for vegetable oil, diesel oil, silicone oil, carbon tetrachloride, DMF and n-hexane, respectively. In addition, the tannic acid and ferrous sulfate treated kapok was recycled for six times through simple mechanical squeezing, and showed good oil-water separation performance oil, indicating its potential application in the removal of spilled oil on water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kapok fiber is emerging as a cheaper natural fiber having excellent thermal insulation properties. Recycled polyester/kapok blended needle punched nonwoven waddings are prepared where the effect of kapok fiber %, sheet areal density, and needle punch density on thermal resistance and air permeability is measured and analyzed with the help of MINITAB®18.1. Three percentages of kapok fiber (20, 40, 60%), four levels of fabric areal density (150, 300, 450, 600 g.m-2) and two levels of punch density (15, 20 punches.cm-2) were chosen. The statistical analysis revealed that kapok fiber % and areal density had a significant effect on both thermal resistance and air permeability of nonwovens. The thermal resistance was decreased significantly with the increase in kapok fiber %, especially at higher punch density. A significant interaction between kapok fiber % and areal density was observed for air permeability. It may be concluded that, in the selected range of input variables, recycled PET/kapok nonwovens with less % of kapok fibers and punch density display better thermal insulation performance, especially at higher areal density. The prepared nonwovens may find applications in winter coats and wadding layers for quilts, etc., and will also help to reduce the pollution from the environment.

The synthetic plastics that made from petroleum material have been widely used in all industrial sectors. They cause some serious problems for the environment. There are semi-synthetic plastics or biodegradable plastics which are made from natural polymers such as cellulose to mitigate this problem. Biodegradable plastics can fulfill the needs of society because they can be decomposed easily into the environment. This research used laboratory experimental methods through several processes: kapok fiber isolation, cellulose acetate production and purification, and manufacture of bioplastics. The characteristics of bioplastics was analyzed using some parameters such as density, tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus, water absorption, biodegradability, compound group analysis using Fouier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and bioplastic morphology analysis by using Scanning electrone microscopy (SEM). This study aimed to determine the effect of the plasticizer type and concentration on the bioplastics characteristics that was divided into several different concentrations of glycerol and sorbitol plasticizers (20%, 30%, and 40%). The fabrication of composite bioplastics used the cellulose acetat from kapok fiber, starch, and types of plasticizer (glycerol, and sorbitol). The results of the study showed that the addition of different plasticizers, such as glycerol and sorbitol gave distinct effects on the bioplastics product characteristics. The optimum concentration of glycerol addition affected the bioplastic characteristics with the best results were 40% concentration generate density of 0.836 g/mL, tensile strength of 0.818 MPa, water absorption value of 22.23%, and degradation plastic mass about 39.7%. The addition of sorbitol also affected the bioplastic characteristics, where the best results were 40% concentration produced bioplastic density of 0.941 g/mL, percent elongation at 3.94%, young’s modulus of 0.726 MPa, and degradarion mass of 32.05%. The morphology of bioplastic showed the high homogeneity on concentrations of 40% glycerol and 30% sorbitol.

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To make full use of the resource-rich domestic kapok fiber and turn waste into wealth, the kapok fruit, fiber morphology and oil sorption abilities of Quanzhou kapok were studied in comparison with Indonesia kapok. Comparing to Indonesia kapok, Quanzhou kapok has the similar fruit shape and internal structure. The fiber length of Quanzhou kapok is concentrated in 14.5-27.5 mm which is slightly shorter than Indonesia kapok fiber, but the length distribution is more uniform; the fiber fineness centers around 15-35 µm. Epidermis wax mass fraction of Quanzhou kapok fiber was about 1.660%. The average oil sorption capacity of Quanzhou kapok fiber assembly in soybean oil is 41.05 and the average retention rate is 97.48%. The average oil sorption capacity and retention rate in engine oil is 37.85 and 97.97% respectively, higher than that of Indonesia kapok. Kapok fiber assembly could be recirculated fewer than SIC Times for better oil-absorption. The result show that Quanzhou kapok fiber has more excellent oil-absorption ability and can be used as oil-sorbing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furfural compounds, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, and 5-methylfurfural, are common in foods and pose health risks. This study presents a pipette-tip solid-phase extraction with in-situ derivatization (PT-KF-SPE/ISD) method for rapid analysis of furfural compounds in various food matrices. Utilizing natural kapok fiber as an efficient adsorbent, this method integrates extraction and derivatization into a single step via a simple pull-push operation. Derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine increases the hydrophobicity and ultraviolet absorption of furfural compounds, enabling sensitive liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. The method shows good linearity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, with limits of detection in ranges of 3.9-6.0 ng/mL. Real sample analysis confirms its applicability in detecting furfural compounds in beverages and herbal products, offering a reliable and eco-friendly solution for food safety and quality control. Five greenness assessment metrics demonstrate the method's excellent environmental friendliness. This approach highlights the advantages of combining natural adsorbents with in-situ derivatization for efficient food analysis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The design of hierarchical structures from biomass has become one of the hottest subjects in the field of microwave absorption due to its low cost, vast availability and sustainability. A kapok-fiber-derived carbon microtube was prepared by facile carbonization, and the relation between the structure and properties of the carbonized kapok fiber (CKF) was systematically investigated. The hollow tubular structures afford the resulting CKF composites with excellent microwave-absorbing performance. The sample with a 30 wt.% loading of CKF in paraffin demonstrates the strongest microwave attenuation capacity, with a minimum reflection loss of −49.46 dB at 16.48 GHz and 2.3 mm, and an optimized effective absorption bandwidth of 7.12 GHz (10.64–17.76 GHz, 2.3 mm) that covers 34% of the X-band and 96% of the Ku-band. Further, more than 90% of the incident electromagnetic wave in the frequency from 4.48 GHz to 18.00 GHz can be attenuated via tuning the thickness of the CKF-based absorber. This study outlines a foundation for the development of lightweight and sustainable microwave absorbers with a high absorption capacity and broad effective absorption bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kapok fiber as a natural sorbent with excellent hydrophobic-oleophilic characteristic was studied. The effect of temperature on oil sorption behavior and wettability of kapok fiber powder was quantitatively evaluated by capillary rise method. Results showed that at the packing density of 0.1 g/cm3, the oil sorption capacity of kapok fiber powder presented only about 5% difference when the temperature ranged from 20°C to 90°C, with the values to engine oil, mineral oil, and PAO4 ranging from 10.96 to10.42 g/g, 10.73 to 10.18 g/g, and 10.25 to 9.89 g/g, respectively. However, the sorption coefficient which related to the sorption rate increased almost exponentially with the increasing of temperature. Then, the oil wettability of kapok fiber powder was further investigated from the perspective of contact angle. Nearly logarithmic increment in contact angle between the fiber powder and test oil was observed when higher temperature condition was applied, indicating that the enhancement of temperature apparently weaken the wettability of oil to solid powder. The adhesion work between fiber powder and oil was evaluated based on Young–Dupré equation, which suggested that higher temperature lead to lower adhesion work. Outcomes from this research are believed to provide importance reference for the usage of kapok fiber as sorbent when different temperatures are applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of around 6.06 nm were successfully immobilized on the surface of polyaniline-coated kapok fiber (PANI-KpF) via hydrothermal reaction. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2/PANI-KpF nanocomposite was studied under visible light using methyl orange (MO) and Cr(VI) as model pollutants. Photodegradation of MO was achieved using nanocomposites prepared with 0.5 and 1.0 mL titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) with removal efficiencies of about 87.4 and 76.8%, respectively. These are about 13 and 18% higher than the removal efficiencies under dark conditions. On the other hand, visible light-induced photo-reduction of Cr(VI) was carried out in the presence of isopropanol (IPA) as a hole scavenger, with 100% removal efficiency. Without IPA, Cr(VI) was removed by adsorption. The TiO2/PANI-KpF also showed antibacterial activity against E. coli bacteria under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dielectric materials with thermally responsive property are being pursued in fields such as next‐generation sensors, smart switches, and novel actuators. These applications require that the dielectric materials have mechanical durability and stable serviceability besides thermally responsive dielectric behavior. Herein, we report a novel thermally responsive, mechanically durable, and low‐cost dielectric composite simply fabricated by vacuum impregnating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into kapok fiber and compounding them with polyvinylidene fluoride. A remarkable dielectric susceptibility, controlled dielectric transition temperature, and obvious thermal hysteresis of the composite films induced by the solid–liquid phase transition of PEG are demonstrated. The effect of molecular weights of PEG on the dielectric response behaviors is evaluated. Such thermally responsive dielectric materials with satisfactory mechanical durability will offer a chance toward constructing thermally responsive systems for reliable and stable operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kapok fiber with high degree of hollow and small fiber diameter has excellent sound absorption. To optimize the sound absorption characters at the low frequency, sound absorption coefficients and specific surface impedance of two-layer, three-layer, and four-layer materials as polyethylene film-reinforced kapok fiber nonwoven fabrics have been studied by using the impedance tube method in the frequency range of 100–2500 Hz. The layering sequence, the polyethylene films thickness, and the gradient thickness structure of nonwoven fabrics affected the sound absorption properties at the low frequency for multi-layer materials that have been analyzed. The results show that the multi-layer composite materials have better sound absorption than a single-layer nonwoven fabrics at the low frequency. The elastic vibration of polyethylene film contributes to sound absorption improvement at the low frequency. The sound absorption at the low frequency of multi-layer materials can be further improved by changing polyethylene film position or increasing polyethylene film thickness. In addition, the gradient thickness structure of nonwoven fabrics can effectively improve sound absorption at the low frequency, and the gradient change direction also exhibits remarkable effects on the sound absorption of multi-layer materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An automated kapok fiber-based PT-SPE method for plasma processing was proposed. • Natural kapok fibers proved to be sustainable and efficient adsorbents for TKIs. • Kapok fibers around a spring in the tip minimized backpressure in solution flow. • Low detection limits (0.022–0.135 ng/mL) for TKIs achieved with LC-MS/MS coupling. • Rapid and user-friendly setup streamlined sample preparation, enabling high-throughput analysis. • The method was green, cost-effective, rapid, and high throughput with automation. This study delineates the development of a novel automated pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (SPE) methodology, employing kapok fiber as a naturally efficient and cost-effective adsorbent for the selective extraction of eleven tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) from plasma. The uniqueness of this method lies in its assembly, where kapok fibers are ingeniously wrapped around a stainless-steel spring within the pipette tip, ensuring an obstruction-free central space for effortless solution aspiration and dispensation. This design significantly minimizes backpressure, enhancing operational efficiency and ensuring compatibility with pipettors, including the implementation of an electric pipettor to streamline the sample preparation process and facilitate automation. The method's analytical performance, rigorously validated through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, exhibits outstanding linearity in ranges of 0.1/0.5–200 ng mL-1 (R² > 0.993), commendable accuracy (86.3%–114.8%), and consistent precision (3.4–11.3%), alongside remarkably low detection limits that span from 0.024 to 0.130 ng mL-1. The assembly of kapok fiber within the pipette tip, in this unique configuration, results in a practical, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and automated pipette-tip SPE method. This innovation signifies a significant advancement in bioanalytical methodologies, offering an efficient and sustainable approach for extracting analytes from complex biological samples. This process notably enhances both the sensitivity and selectivity of subsequent instrumental analyses. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Natural kapok fiber without any pretreatment was directly used as a SPE sorbent. • In-syringe extraction device was adeptly crafted for streamlined usability. • Extraction was completed in under 3 min with simple pull–push operations. • By coupling HPLC-UV, six antidepressants in biofluids were effectively quantified. • Five greenness metrics all indicated the method's excellent greenness. Effective antidepressant monitoring is crucial for safe treatment, with liquid chromatography being the primary detection method. Due to the complexity of biofluids, meticulous sample preparation is vital to remove interferences and concentrate analytes. In this study, a novel solid-phase extraction method utilizing unprocessed kapok fiber (KF) as an eco-friendly and efficient sorbent, ingeniously incorporated within an in-syringe device for the extraction of antidepressants from biofluids was introduced. The extraction process displayed several advantages, including simplicity and rapidity (less than 3 min with minimal manual intervention), as well as the potential for automation, which represents significant advancements in sample preparation techniques. The method demonstrated excellent analytical performance when coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection, achieving good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.991), excellent relative recovery (92.6–107.5 %), high precision in intraday and interday analyses (RSDs within 0.8–6.0 % and 1.2–7.9 %, respectively), and good sensitivity with limits of quantification between 5–10 ng/mL. Notably, given the use of a renewable and biodegradable material with KF, and a low-toxicity desorption solvent with ethanol, the developed method stands out for its environmental sustainability, aligning with green analytical chemistry principles. Its application to real biological samples validates its efficacy as a rapid and reliable tool for clinical and forensic monitoring of antidepressants. Moreover, the low cost of this method facilitated by the economical nature of KF and the reusability of syringes further enhances its practicability. This study presents a unique approach by employing natural and renewable KF as adsorbents, thereby eliminating the need for complex material synthesis and making a pioneering contribution to the field of analytical chemistry for drug analysis in complex matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Kapok fiber is emerging as a cheaper natural fiber having excellent thermal insulation properties. Recycled polyester/kapok blended needle punched nonwoven waddings are prepared where the effect of kapok fiber %, sheet areal density, and needle punch density on thermal resistance and air permeability is measured and analyzed with the help of MINITAB®18.1. Three percentages of kapok fiber (20, 40, 60%), four levels of fabric areal density (150, 300, 450, 600 g.m-2) and two levels of punch density (15, 20 punches.cm-2) were chosen. The statistical analysis revealed that kapok fiber % and areal density had a significant effect on both thermal resistance and air permeability of nonwovens. The thermal resistance was decreased significantly with the increase in kapok fiber %, especially at higher punch density. A significant interaction between kapok fiber % and areal density was observed for air permeability. It may be concluded that, in the selected range of input variables, recycled PET/kapok nonwovens with less % of kapok fibers and punch density display better thermal insulation performance, especially at higher areal density. The prepared nonwovens may find applications in winter coats and wadding layers for quilts, etc., and will also help to reduce the pollution from the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Properties of cellulose aerogels indicate their great potential in oil pollutant treatment, a domain that has received tremendous attention recently; however, there are only a small theoretical studies into their absorption mechanisms. Herein, we developed a dual-scale oil absorption model based on the Washburn capillary theory to investigate the oil absorption kinetics of aerogels. It was found that kapok/microfibrillated cellulose aerogels (KCAs) exhibit high oil absorption performance via a capillary wicking method that simulates oil removal by aerogels in polluted oceans. This theoretical model demonstrates that the oil absorption capacity is mainly derived from the continuous primary pores within the aerogel skeleton, while secondary pores introduced by chopped kapok could collect and conduct oil, leading to improved oil absorption rates of KCAs. The experimental results of the oil absorption coefficients confirm the accuracy of the developed dual-scale model. The study of this dual-scale model is significant in investigating the relationship between the pore structure and oil absorption of aerogels, which will provide valuable insights for the practical application of aerogels for oil removal in polluted oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a simple and efficient dipping method to prepare oleophilic calcium stearate-coated kapok fibers (CaSt2-KF) with improved hydrophobicity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the deposition of calcium stearate particles on the surface of the kapok fibers. This led to higher surface roughness and improved static water contact angle of 137.4°. The calcium stearate-coated kapok fibers exhibited comparable sorption capacities for kerosene, diesel, and palm oil. However, the highest sorption capacity of 59.69 g/g was observed for motor oil at static conditions. For motor oil in water, the coated fibers exhibited fast initial sorption and a 65% removal efficiency after 30 s. At equilibrium, CaSt2-KF attained a sorption capacity of 33.9 g/g and 92.5% removal efficiency for motor oil in water. The sorption kinetics of pure motor oil and motor oil in water follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the Elovich model further described chemisorption. Intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion were both present, with the latter being the predominant diffusion mechanism during motor oil sorption.

Kapok fiber (KF), with the characteristics of a natural hollow structure, light weight, and low density, can be used as acoustic and thermal insulation, buoyancy, adsorption, filling, and composite material. The flame-retardant treatment can expand the functionality and application of KF. In this work, the phosphorylation of KF using phytic acid (PA) in the presence of urea at a high temperature was used to enhance its flame retardancy. The phosphorylation reaction conditions were discussed, and the surface topography, thermal degradation, heat release, and combustion properties of phosphorylated KF were studied. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses confirmed the grafting of PA on cellulose by the formation of phosphate ester bonds. Due to the covalent binding of PA, phosphorylated KF exhibited good washing durability. The surface topography, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG), and microcalorimetry analyses revealed the excellent charring ability of phosphorylated KF. In the TG test in nitrogen, the char residue increased to 42.6% of phosphorylated KF from 8.3% of raw KF at 700 °C. In the vertical combustion, raw KF sheet was almost completely burned out within 30 s, while phosphorylated KF was very difficult to catch fire. In the microcalorimetry analysis, the heat release capacity and total heat release of phosphorylated KF decreased to 67 J/g∙K and 3.9 kJ/g, respectively from 237 J/g∙K and 18.1 kJ/g of raw KF. This work suggests that phosphorylated KF is an excellent flame-retardant material.

The increasing degradation of fossil fuels has motivated the globe to turn to green energy solutions such as biofuel in order to minimize the entire reliance on fossil fuels. Green renewable resources have grown in popularity in recent years as a result of the advancement of environmental technology solutions. Kapok fiber is a sort of cellulosic fiber derived from kapok tree seeds (Ceiba pentandra). Kapok Fiber, as a bio-template, offers the best alternatives to provide clean and renewable energy sources. The unique structure, good conductivity, and excellent physical properties exhibited by kapok fiber nominate it as a highly favored cocatalyst for deriving solar energy processes. This review will explore the role and recent developments of KF in energy production, including hydrogen and CO2 reduction. Moreover, this work summarized the potential of kapok fiber in environmental applications, including adsorption and degradation. The future contribution and concerns are highlighted in order to provide perspective on the future advancement of kapok fiber.

Kapok fiber (Ceiba pentandra) is a potential source of cellulose, but its utilization is still minimal. This study aims to isolate nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from kapok fibers using acid hydrolysis at various times and characterize its properties as reinforcement for alginate‐nanocrystalline cellulose (Alg‐NCC) hydrogel beads. NCCs are characterized using various techniques, and hydrogel beads are characterized by syneresis and strength (TPA). Variations in hydrolysis time cause changes in functional groups, decrease length and diameter, increase degree of crystallinity, and thermal stability. Nanocrystalline cellulose isolation from BKF by chemical hydrolysis is better done at 60% sulfuric acid concentration, for 50 min to produce a yield of 38.92%, L/d aspect ratio ranges from 8.53 to 12.23, degree of crystallinity 71.00%, and thermal stability with maximum degradation temperature 298.69 °C. The incorporation of NCC on the Alg hydrogel beads leads to increase hardness 67.70% and decrease syneresis 4.14%. Thus, NCC can be used as a reinforcement agent because it has been shown to improve the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Alg‐NCC hydrogel beads. Alg‐NCC hydrogel beads have the potential to be widely applied in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a natural cellulose fiber, kapok fiber is much easier to degrade due to its thin wall structure of fiber in the process of storage and use. In this work, a finishing modification was designed and developed to prevent kapok fiber from degradation. Dopamine was polymerized in situ and deposited on the surface of kapok fiber, which was operated in the mixed solvents of ethanol:water (1:1 in volume) to overcome the strong buoyancy. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was introduced to assist dopamine polymerization and improve the load rate. An optimum dosage, 1.0 g/l of PEI could afford the highest loading rate of 32.1% of polydopamine (PDA), and remarkably improve loading fastness. As a multi-amino polymer, PEI could reduce Ag+ and chelate with metal silver (Ag). The PDA/Ag covered kapok fiber and nonwovens showed good antibacterial activity and better mechanic strength, which would be more suitable for durable oil absorption and sound absorption materials than pure kapok fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing hierarchical structures is indispensable to tuning the electromagnetic properties of carbon-based materials. Here, carbon microtubes with nanometer wall thickness and micrometer diameter were fabricated by a feasible approach with economical and sustainable kapok fiber. The carbonized kapok fiber (CKF) exhibits microscale pores from the inherent porous templates as well as pyrolysis-induced nanopores inside the wall, affording the hierarchical carbon microtube with excellent microwave absorbing performance over broad frequency. Particularly, CKF-650 exhibits an optimized reflection loss (RL) of −62.46 dB (10.32 GHz, 2.2 mm), while CKF-600 demonstrates an effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) of 6.80 GHz (11.20–18.00 GHz, 2.8 mm). Moreover, more than 90% of the incident electromagnetic wave ranging from 2.88 GHz to 18.00 GHz can be dissipated by simply controlling the carbonization temperature of KF and/or the thickness of the carbon-microtube-based absorber. These encouraging findings provide a facile alternative route to fabricate microwave absorbers with broadband attenuation capacity by utilizing sustainable biomass.

Kapok fiber is a light, cottony, pale yellow to brown fiber obtained from Kapok fruit. The fiber is characterized by a large, hollow lumen and is generally hydrophobic due to its waxy surface. The fiber is difficult to spun into thread and it is commonly used as filling in mattresses, pillows, stuffed toys and upholstery. Compared to other natural fiber, kapok's use is limited in application. However, it is now gaining attention in the scientific community as an important material due to its outstanding properties. This review will provide a detailed overview on the structure, composition and morphology of kapok fiber. It will also discuss the recent researches conducted on kapok fiber including its application as adsorbent material, biocomposite, biotemplate, electrode material and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kapok fiber (KF) belongs to a type of seed fibers collected from the fruits of Ceiba pentandra tree. From sustainable biomass resource, KF is a naturally abundant cellulose fiber with good economic value, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Especially, KF has inherent thin-walled large lumen and hydrophobic–oleophilic surface, which makes KF receive increasing attention in recent years as the starting material for fabrication of different types of functional materials. Among them, KF can be blended with, filled in, grafted by, coated with other components, or carbonized via pyrolysis or hydrothermal, and then is currently focused on by many researchers for adapting to different applications. In this review, we present the structural characteristics of KF, KF-based functional materials and their potential applications, especially in fields related to the environment and energy, such as oil sorbents, adsorbents for heavy metals and dyes, sound absorption materials, electrode materials of supercapacitors, photocatalysis and catalysis materials, and so forth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the production of functional nonwovens with sustainable fibers, kapok, with unique qualities, becomes an excellent candidate for the production of thermal insulation textiles. However, the development of 100% raw kapok fiber structures is a challenge, since their mechanical resistance and interfiber cohesion is very low. In this work, the thermal behavior of new needle punched bi-layered nonwovens produced from 100% raw kapok fibers is studied. These innovative structures were obtained through dry heat-pressing of needle punched nonwovens, developed according to a novel method designed. The results obtained have shown that the heat-pressing conditions (temperature and number of cycles) affected the thermal properties of the nonwovens and the thermal performance profile of an insulating arrangement. The bi-layered nonwoven structures reinforced in one heat-pressing cycle at 100 °C showed the higher thermal resistance and the lower thermal conductivity and heat flux and led to the highest delay (decrement delay) of the heat transfer from the outside to the inside of the insulating assembly and vice-versa, acting as an effective thermal insulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of hierarchical structures with dielectric and magnetic lossy blocks is a robust approach for fabricating functional materials with strong attenuation capacity over a broad range of frequencies. Herein, ultralight three-dimensional (3D) architecture with zero-dimensional (0D) cobalt ferrite-anchored two-dimensional (2D) carbon microtube (CoFe 2 O 4 @CMT) was fabricated from Kapok fibers via facile solvothermal and subsequent pyrolysis methods. Such hierarchical structures with CMT as dielectric components and CoFe 2 O 4 as magnetic blocks provide hybrids with improved microwave-absorbing capability. CoFe 2 O 4 @CMT hybrid with a CoFe 2 O 4 /CMT mass ratio of 1:1 demonstrates a minimum reflection loss (RL) of − 66.78 dB at the thickness of 4.6 mm together with an effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) of 4.80 GHz. Moreover, over 90% of the electromagnetic energy ranging from 3.04 GHz to 18.00 GHz can be dissipated by expediently adjusting the thickness. Detailed investigation reveals that hierarchical structures with synergetic effects from dielectric CMT and magnetic CoFe 2 O 4 efficiently tune impedance matching and attenuation capacity of the resulting CoFe 2 O 4 @CMT, affording high microwave absorption performances. This work promises great potential in developing microwave absorbers starting from sustainable natural hollow templates. • 3D architectures with 0D cobalt ferrite-anchored 2D carbon microtube were fabricated. • The CoFe2O4 @CMT demonstrates enhanced microwave attenuation capacity with an RLmin of − 66.78 dB and an EAB of 4.80 GHz. • Hierarchical structures with synergetic dielectric/magnetic loss contribute to such enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fine structural engineering of biomass-derived porous carbon is the key to maximize the specific capacitance and rate performance of capacitive carbon. Herein, a hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) has been fabricated from kapok fiber via oxalic acid hydrothermal coupled chemical activation strategy. Moderate concentration of oxalic acid hydrothermal treatment is beneficial to increase the concentration of concentration of C O, C O, and sp2 hybrid carbon atoms on fiber surface, and chemical activation accelerate the growth of integrated honeycomb microstructures and hierarchical pores, especially 1.0–2.0 nm micropores. The optimized HPC shows a high specific surface area of 2045 m2 g−1, moderate meso-macropore volume of 0.13 cm3 g−1, low I D /I G of 0.95, and well-developed honeycomb structure, which endows HPC with high ions adsorption capacity and fast kinetic behavior. The optimized HPC exhibits a high specific capacitance of 305.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 194.0 F g−1 at 50 A g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte, with a high capacitance retention of 63.5 %. The assembled supercapacitor based on HPC delivers a higher energy density of 10.2 Wh kg−1 at power density of 150 W kg−1 in KOH electrolyte and 27.7 Wh kg−1 at 225 W kg−1 in Na 2 SO 4 /PVA gel electrolyte, and superb capacitance retention of 95 % for 20,000 cycles. This will also provide a potential strategy for biomass micro-composition modulation and hierarchical porous carbon structural regulation toward high performance electrode materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]