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Alteplase (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA)) was infused within four hours of onset of symptoms in 286 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Delayed coronary angiography was performed 72 hours after admission with coronary angioplasty if indicated. Electrocardiographic monitoring was continuous during the first hour of treatment. The sum of the ST segment elevations (sigma ST) was calculated on electrocardiograms recorded at entry and an hour later. ST elevations resolved rapidly within one hour of treatment in 189 patients and persisted in 97 patients. Rapid resolution of ST elevation correlated with angiographic coronary patency as determined by coronary angiography 72 hours after admission. The patients with rapid resolution of sigma ST had significantly smaller infarcts and a better clinical outcome than the patients with persistent ST elevation. sigma ST values at entry and one hour after treatment had no additional independent predictive value. Rapid resolution of ST elevations in patients undergoing thrombolysis with alteplase was associated with a significantly smaller release of creatine kinase, better preservation of left ventricular function, lower morbidity, and less short and long term mortality. Rapid resolution of sigma ST elevation is an efficient indicator of clinical outcome in groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing thrombolysis with alteplase. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Patients with late potentials in the signal averaged electrocardiogram are more at risk of lethal arrhythmias in the period after acute myocardial infarction. To test the effects of thrombolysis on the incidence and evolution of late potentials, 158 consecutive patients were prospectively studied during the first 10 days after acute myocardial infarction. The study population consisted of two groups: 93 control patients treated conservatively and 65 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Recordings of signal averaged electrocardiogram were obtained within two days and 7-10 days after infarction. The incidence of late potentials in the first two days after infarction was not significantly different in the thrombolytic and control groups (14% v 11.8%). By 7-10 days the incidence of late potentials among patients who underwent thrombolysis remained unchanged (14%); however, it increased significantly in the control group (11.8% to 22.5%). Thus thrombolysis seems to reduce the evolution of late potentials within 10 days of infarction. Because the risk of fatal arrhythmias is higher in patients with late potentials this study may partly explain the reduced mortality after thrombolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To examine the immediate and long-term clinical and prognostic significance of primary ventricular tachycardia, defined as tachycardia of ventricular origin occurring within 48 hours of acute myocardial infarction in patients without hemodynamic compromise (Killip class I).Design: Prospective cohort study.Setting: Intensive coronary care units in eight regional, referral, and university hospitals.Patients: A total of 162 patients with primary ventricular tachycardia, both sustained and nonsustained (study group), and 2578 counterparts without ventricular tachycardia (reference group).Measurements: In-hospital rates of atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest. In-hospital and 1-year follow-up rates of sudden death, nonsudden cardiac death, and noncardiac death.Results: The study and reference groups had similar mortality (in-hospital, 6.8% and 9.6%, P greater than 0.2 and at 1 year after discharge, 3.7% and 5.4%, P greater than 0.2, respectively) and in-hospital complication rates (atrioventricular block, 13.0% and 9.7%, P greater than 0.2; cardiogenic shock, 3.7% and 3.0%, P greater than 0.2; cardiac arrest, 1.8% and 4.4%, P greater than 0.2, respectively). Patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (28 patients) compared with those with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (134 patients) had higher rates of polymorphic tachycardia (50% compared with 6%, P = 0.001), in-hospital total cardiac mortality (21% compared with 4%, P = 0.003) and sudden-death mortality (14% compared with 2%, P = 0.001); they also showed a trend toward a higher in-hospital mortality than the reference group (21.4% compared with 9.6%, P = 0.15) but had no increased mortality 1 year after discharge (4.6% compared with 5.4%, P greater than 0.2).Conclusions: As a group, patients with primary ventricular tachycardia do not differ from counterparts without primary ventricular tachycardia in their in-hospital clinical course and 1-year prognosis. Primary sustained ventricular tachycardia is often polymorphic and carries worse in-hospital prognosis than nonsustained tachycardia. However, it does not predict recurrent ventricular tachycardia or increased sudden-death rates during the next year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failed thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Rescue or salvage percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in this group of patients is still controversial. We report our experience with early emergency angiography and rescue PTCA in 27 patients who were hemodynamically unstable or had a large area of myocardium at risk after failed thrombolysis. Rescue PTCA was successful in 95% of attempted PTCA. Three patients were referred to emergency CABG. Early ‘rescue angiography’ with or without rescue PTCA after failed thrombolysis in a selected patient population, is an important tool for early risk stratification and decision-making during the hyperacute phase of AMI, while it may also serve in restoring coronary artery patency of the infarct-related artery with a high success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To determine the circadian rhythm of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in a very large outpatient population.Methods and Results We reviewed all emergency telephone calls received in Shahal (a medical service covering 44000 subscribers), from 1987 to 1997. Patients were included if new-onset atrial fibrillation was recorded. During this study period, 9989 episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were recorded. The time of onset was not uniformly distributed throughout the 24h period. Instead, the distribution of arrhythmic episodes showed a double peak, with a significant increase in the number of episodes in the morning and a second rise in the evening (P<0·001). A non-uniform weekly distribution of events was also noted, with substantially fewer episodes on Saturdays (P<0·001). Finally, more arrhythmias occurred during the last months of each year (P<0·001).Conclusions The onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation does not occur randomly. The large patient population in the present study suggests that the circadian rhythm of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is similar to that described for other cardiovascular diseases, with clustering of events in the morning and (to a lesser degree) late in the evening. Weekly and yearly circadian patterns are also prominent. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective, design and patients Between August 1981 and July 1983, 5839 consecutive myocardial infarction patients were hospitalized in 13 coronary care units in Israel. The present study examines 10 year survival among 4037 consecutive patients with a first myocardial infarction with either Q or non-Q waves. Demographic and medical data were collected from hospital records, and 1 year clinical follow-up was complete for 99% of hospital survivors. Mortality follow-up was extended to June 1992 (mean 10 years of follow-up). Results Five hundred and eighty patients (14%) had first myocardial infarctions of the non-Q wave type and 3457 of the Q wave type. Hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with a Q wave (l0%) than those with a non-Q wave myocardial infarction (7%) (P<0·05). One year post-discharge, non-fatal reinfarction and mortality rates were comparable in patients with Q wave (4% and 7%) and non-Q wave myocardial infarctions (4% and 7% respectively). Similarly, 5 to 10 year post-discharge mortality rates were equally high in patients with a non-Q wave (26% and 44%) as in those with a first episode of a Q wave myocardial infarction (22% and 40% respectively). Conclusions Patients with a first non-Q wave acute myocordial infarction exhibited relatively better in-hospital survival than counterparts with a first Q wave infarction, but the advantage did not persist after discharge. Patients with a non-Q wave infarction deserve particular attention as their post-discharge mortality risk is similar to counterparts with a first Q wave myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two cases which exhibited a Wenckebach form of exit conduction between an electrical pacemaker and the ventricular myocardium are presented. This manifests with increasing latency (stimulus to QRS intervals) and ultimate stimulus failure (block). The cycle then repeats itself. The QRS duration also increases progressively within each cycle. The phenomenon connotes an adverse prognosis. Several postulates regarding the mechanism are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A patient is reported in whom an intravenous bolus injection of 50 mg lignocaine produced extreme sinus bradycardia (rate 14 to 20/min). Only 2 patients with such a response to a similarly small dose have been previously reported, but these reports indicate clearly that careful electrocardiographic monitoring is advisable when lignocaine is administered. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]