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Greenhouses are a frequent feature on the Icelandic rural landscape and an integral part of Iceland’s food system. Iceland’s reserves of geothermal energy present an opportunity to extend an otherwise short growing season. This promotes sustainability, increases food security, and benefits consumers. This article examines the relative strengths of Iceland’s greenhouse sector - using a combination of statistics, observations, and interviews to understand the resource demands of greenhouse agriculture, how well greenhouses can allay some food insecurity and provide local foods. It ends with an examination of how the reduction of subsidies used to keep greenhouse agriculture going, has had an effect and forces the question of whether losing much of Iceland’s agricultural sector and locally sourced food is worth the social and political costs.

Purpose: This paper aims to show the present level of sustainable transportation, mainly walking and bicycling, on a large campus in the US Midwest and then analyzes some of the opportunities and impediments in increasing the modal share. Design/methodology/approach: Three types of analysis are used. First, current level of walking and bicycling around the campus are measured during select mornings and afternoons. Second, a survey questionnaire completed by 668 students is tabulated and reported. Third, the campus and environs are inventoried to note those aspects of infrastructure which either facilitate or block walking or cycling. Findings: This paper records generally low existing levels of sustainable transportation among students around a campus. There is a particularly low level of bicycling activity. Reasons have to do with time and convenience (especially among students who work), but also that many students do not enjoy bicycle access. Finally, student attitudes and an inventory of campus indicate that existing infrastructure discourages sustainable transportation activity around campus. Research limitations/implications: This may be biased towards specific circumstances in the one institution we studied. However, there are several important implications on the factors spurring or impeding walking and bicycling which may be applied to other campus communities. Practical implications: Understanding the campus impediments to walking and bicycling may help universities design more attractive and useful facilities. Social implications: Great attention to bicycling and walking can improve the social environment on campus, as well as spur greater health among students and staff. Originality/value: Several methods of measuring existing transportation patterns are applied, canvassing student attitudes towards sustainable transportation and then inventorying and mapping those campus features which could affect walking and bicycling activity.

Geographers have been thinking and teaching about human interactions with the environment for centuries. Whether the phrase used to describe this area of scholarship is man-land, man and nature, people-environment, nature-society, human dimensions of global change, or the Anthropocene, these studies are deeply rooted under the umbrella of geography. Scholars in the natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, and creative arts have embraced the concept of the Anthropocene, and often employ it as a vernacular term with no implied connection to a so-called golden spike, or stratigraphic layer of sediment or rock that would mark an official transition from one slice of geologic time to the next. This collection of essays explores ways in which the Anthropocene may be a helpful framework to organize geographical teaching and scholarship about ways in which people have interacted with and transformed planet Earth. The term Anthropocene was coined in the realm of Earth System science, but the authors who contributed to this Forum relate the idea to topics such as novel ecosystems and species assemblages, conservation, commodification of nature, global capitalism, and ways in which our species, Homo sapiens, has markedly transformed the Earth for at least thousands of years. The Forum also engages with the fact that the Anthropocene as a proposed new epoch of the geologic time scale may not make sense at the spatial and temporal scales at which geographers view the world. Geographers have an opportunity to address myriad unanswered questions about the Anthropocene. Keywords: conservation, Earth System science, Entanglement, global capitalism, golden spike, human dimensions of global change, nature, novel ecosystems., INTRODUCTION TO THE FORUM ON THE ANTHROPOCENE Geographers have been thinking and teaching about human interactions with the environment for centuries. Whether the phrase used to describe this area of [...]

ABSTRACT: The urban environment in Ohio has changed dramatically over the last thirty years, with areas of improvement and areas of degradation. This paper seeks to inventory the state of [...]

Growing class division in China is examined, focusing on the residential housing market in Beijing. The city's urban affluent are beginning to take advantage of more opulent home choices, such as single-family detached villas, demonstrating the emergence of consumption patterns similar to those of middle-class Western populations.

Mortgage activity has commonly been measured with two variables: the volume of loans and the success rate of applications. I argue that these measurements represent distinct portions of the overall mortgage market and correspond to different social, racial, and economic attributes. Using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data for 1991 and 1992 in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, I compare a variable measuring the percentage of loan applications denied with a variable measuring the number of loans per 1,000 housing units. I find that these two variables display disparate spatial patterns, that they are associated with different census tract characteristics, and that they correspond to separate dimensions of social geography. These differences suggest that the evaluation of bank performance in meeting fair housing objectives depends on how this performance is measured. Both measurements are useful, but care must be taken in their application. Key Words: mortgage market, social geography, variable measurement, financing.

This study utilizes linguistically disaggregated region-to-region migration data between 1981 and 1986 to demonstrate that French and English speaking Canadians react differently to place attributes. A series of log transformed linear regression models suggest that the two populations differ very little in their response to traditional labor market variables but that they diverge dramatically in their response to the linguistic composition of each region. Each group prefers regions with a greater percentage of their own co-linguists, but Francophones are less sensitive than Anglophones to linguistic composition. Key Words: migration, Canada, ethnicity, language.

Mutual understanding and affirmation of each group's cultural and territorial identities pave the way for harmony in a multinational society. Territorial and linguistic differences between the French-Canadian and English-Canadian identities in Canada have posed a threat to the political stability in the country. The juxtaposition of multiple spatial identities initiates changes due to cultural and linguistic differences, which vary in intensity with time.

A study of the effect of population change on political and cultural interactions between French-speaking and English-speaking Canadians reveals that linguistic landscape and nature and direction of population change determine future political and linguistic directions. Linguistically distinct migration fields cause the projected decline of English presence in Quebec. The retention of French in other regions of Canada may prove difficult and encourage a greater devolution of power to regional entities.

GLOBALIZATION AND SOVEREIGNTY. By JOHN AGNEW. viii and 231 pp.; maps, diagrs., bibliog., index. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009. $75.00 (cloth) ISBN 9780742556778; $26.95 (paper), ISBN 9780742556782. World [...]

Exactly 100 years ago, the 'new' Geographical Review published its first issue. It succeeded another publication--entitled the Bulletin of the American Geographical Society--which had been published since 1859 and had [...]