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Catalysis has been at the forefront of the developments that has revolutionised synthesis and provided the impetus in the discovery of platform technologies for efficient C−C or C−X bond formation. Current environmental situation however, demands a change in strategy with catalysis being promoted more in solvents that are benign (Water) and for that the development of hydrophilic ligands (especially phosphines) is a necessity which could promote catalytic reactions in water, allow recyclability of the catalytic solutions and make it possible to isolate products using column‐free techniques that involve lesser usage of hazardous organic solvents. In this review, we therefore critically analyse such catalytic processes providing examples that do follow the above‐mentioned parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report an in‐situ mild and metal‐free protocol for thiomethylation of heteroarenes in high yields. The thiomethylation of various chloropurines, nucleosides, and chloroheteroarenes has been accomplished offering easy access to agrochemicals and synthetic molecules useful for drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a Pd-catalyzed cyanation protocol for iodo nucleosides, specifically focusing on the synthesis of three bioactive nucleosides: toyocamycin, sangivamycin, and a mycalisine A precursor. The authors highlight the importance of nucleosides as potential antiviral drugs and the challenges in installing a cyano group in nucleosides. They present a method using inexpensive zinc cyanide as the cyanating source and provide detailed screening studies and experimental results. The study found that Pd2(dba)3 and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) were the most effective catalyst and solvent, respectively, and other cyanating agents did not produce the desired product. The protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of the desired bioactive nucleosides and has potential applications beyond nucleosides. [Extracted from the article]

An efficient ex‐situ method for the amidation of carboxylic acids mediated by CDI has been disclosed herewith. This metal‐free strategy is performed at ambient temperature and can be applied effectively for late‐stage modification of amino acids and APIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Etherification of chloroheteroarenes was performed at low temperatures under metal‐free, ligand‐free and base‐free conditions, that is, the reaction is promoted by the cooperative effect of DMSO (solvent) as a promoter and K3PO4 providing the catalytic surface (rather than a base). The protocol exhibits good substrate scope under mild reaction conditions and has also been explored mechanistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caged phosphines have unique structures and provide many advantageous properties that can be fine-tuned to develop efficient catalytic systems. Our research group recently introduced a highly water-soluble caged phosphine: PTABS (KapdiPhos), which is a derivatized form of triazaphosphaadamantane, and explored its applicability as a strongly π-accepting ligand in combination with metals such as Pd or Cu in a variety of cross-coupling reactions of biologically relevant halonucleosides as well as chloroheteroarenes. This account details our journey from ideation to the various catalytic applications of the ligands and eventually to its commercialization. 1 Introduction 2 Derivatization of PTA to PTABS and Its Applications 2.1 Nucleoside Modification 2.2 Heteroarene Modification 3 Conclusion 4 Summary and Future Outlook [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dimethylamino functionality has significant importance in industrially relevant molecules and methodologies to install these efficiently are highly desirable. We report herein a highly efficient, room‐temperature dimethylamination of chloroheteroarenes performed via the in‐situ generation of dimethylamine using N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as precursor wiith a large substrate scope that includes various heteroarenes, purines as well as commercially relevant drugs such as altretamine, ampyzine and puromycin precursor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]