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The 13th Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions [OM] Polar meteorology and glaciology, Wed. 16 Nov.

We synthesized amino acid-type photo-cleavable surfactants composed of coumarin and glycine precursors and studied the photo-switchable interfacial properties, release of active ingredients, and colloidal stability of silica particles. Photo-cleavage of the surfactants reduced their interfacial activities at the squalane/water interface. Silica particles bearing aminoethylene groups on the surface were well dispersed in an aqueous solution of the photo-cleavable anionic surfactant. The surfactants form a bilayer on the silica particles by ion complexation of the amine and carboxylic groups, and the negative charge originating from the surfactant results in electrostatic repulsion, which contributes to the dispersion stability. Ultraviolet light irradiation caused flocculation of the silica particles and the release of the coumarin derivative and glycine into the medium through photo-induced isomerization and cyclization. The new photo-cleavable surfactant systems represented controlled multiple interfacial and colloidal properties upon photoirradiation.

Black carbon (BC) aerosol deposited in and onto Arctic snow increases the snow's absorption of solar radiation and accelerates snowmelt. Concentrations of BC in the Arctic atmosphere and snow are controlled by wet deposition; however, details of this process are poorly understood owing to the scarcity of time-resolved measurements of BC in hydrometeors. We measured mass concentrations of BC in hydrometeors (CMBC) and in air (MBC) with 16% and 15% accuracies, respectively, at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard during 2012–2019. Median monthly MBC and CMBC values showed similar seasonal variations, being high in winter-spring and low in summer. Median monthly BC wet deposition mass flux (FMBC) was highest in winter and lowest in summer, associated with seasonal patterns of CMBC and precipitation. Seasonally averaged BC size distributions in hydrometeors were similar except for summer. Measurements of MBC and CMBC in spring 2017 showed a size-independent removal efficiency, indicating that BC-containing particles were efficiently activated into cloud droplets. These observations at Ny-Ålesund were compared with observations at Barrow, Alaska, during 2013–2017. The near-surface MBC at Ny-Ålesund and Barrow had similar seasonal patterns; however, the two sites differed in CMBC and FMBC. In summer, CMBC was low at Ny-Ålesund but moderate at Barrow, likely reflecting differences in MBC in the lower troposphere. Seasonally averaged BC size distributions in hydrometeors were similar at both sites, suggesting that average BC size distributions are similar in the Arctic lower troposphere. The efficiency of BC removal tends to be size-independent during transport, leading to the observed similarity.

The 11th Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Thu. 3 Dec.

The 11th Symposium on Polar Science/Special session: [S] Accelerating Arctic research: Recent progress and future prospect of Arctic research, Tue. 1 Dec.

The 11th Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Poster presentations, Mon. 16 Nov. - Fri. 18 Dec.

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Thu. 5 Dec. / 2F Auditorium , National Institute of Polar Research

We report a case of bilateral annular breast keloids in a 72-year-old woman who had been suffering from bilateral breast cancers. Histopathologically, the keloids showed unique distribution of α-SMA+, CD34- myofibroblasts and α-SMA-, CD34+ fibroblasts depending on the region. High serum levels of tumor growth factor-β were detected at 6 months after the development of the breast keloids, but not at 10 months. CD163-positive cells were abundantly detected in the skin of the elevated portion of the keloids. In contrast, these cells were considerably less numerous in the skin of the central healing portion compared with the skin of the elevated expanding portion. One interesting idea based on these results is that high levels of tumor growth factor-β released from CD163-positive cells played a crucial role in the formation of breast keloids through active induction of fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts. The present case strongly supports the previously proposed idea that keloids can form as a paraneoplastic phenomenon in breast cancer patients with keloid constitution.

Objective To examine the change of the axial length measured by IOL Master in adults with high myopia during a 2-year period.

本報告では，苗木生産に使用できる胎生種子の状態を明らかにすることを目的として，メヒルギ（Kandelia candel）胎生種子の大きさの違いおよび根原基形成が植栽後の発根や根およびシュートの伸長成長量の大きさにおよぼす効果について検討した。その結果，発根に必要な根原基は長さ 2 cm以上の胎生種子で確認された。また，胎生種子が大きくなるほど根原基数は増加し，根原基の長さや幅も増大した。さらに，胎生種子が大きくなるほど，発根本数は増加し，根およびシュートの伸長成長量も増加した。これらの現象は一般的な植物の種子の発芽および発根と類似していた。しかし，長さ 6 cm未満の胎生種子は生育過程で枯死した。これらを基に，長さ 8 cm以上の胎生種子では100％の発根率を示すことから，メヒルギの苗木生産に使用できるものと考えられる。

マングローブ林を構成する木本植物の効率の良い造林を行うための苗木の大量生産を目的とした基礎的研究として，メヒルギ胎生種子の植え付け深さの違いによる発根現象を調査した。その結果，胎生種子のシュート伸長成長は深く植え付けるほど促進効果がみられ，サンゴジュやモモなどの他の樹種のさし木の発根におけるこれまでの報告と同様の結果が得られた。植え付け前に根源体の形成がみられた下部発根は，植え付け深さの違いによって下部根の発根部位や発根本数には違いがみられなかった。しかし，植え付け後に根源体の形成された上部発根は，深く植え付けたものほど発根部位が拡大し発根本数も増加した。これらのことから，メヒルギ胎生種子の上部発根は，植え付けたことによる培地との接触が刺激となって根源体が形成されたと考えられる。また，上部発根と下部発根との間には約 2 cmの無発根の部位がみられた。

Objectives To examine the efficacy of the use of antibiotics in preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes, after evaluating intra-amniotic microbes by our rapid and bacteria-free polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system. Materials and methods One hundred and four PTL patients before 32 weeks of gestation were recruited. Until 2012, antibiotics were empirically prescribed based on the clinical severity of PTL. Intra-amniotic microbes in stored samples were evaluated later by our newly established PCR system, and the efficacy of the use of antibiotics in PTL was evaluated. Results In the amniotic fluid (AF) microbe-negative patients (n = 67), antibiotic therapy significantly shortened the gestation period (P < 0.0001), whereas in the microbe-positive patients (n = 37), appropriate antibiotic therapy (proper antibiotic selection against identified AF microbes) was significantly associated with an increase in gestation period (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Appropriate antibiotic therapy in PTL with intact membranes prolonged the gestation period.

A 64-year-old male with fatigue and icterus was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography(CT)demonstrated multiple liver metastases and colonoscopic examination revealed advanced rectal cancer, which was diagnosed as moderately- differentiated adenocarcinoma without KRAS mutation. His serum total bilirubin level was 15.6 mg/dL. We started combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, Leucovorin and oxaliplatin(modified FOLFOX6)at a 20% lower than standard dosage for safety. When his bilirubin fell to 2.3 mg/dL after 4 courses of mFOLFOX6, the doses of 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin were increased to standard doses, and treatment with bevacizumab of 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks was begun. After another 3 courses of chemotherapy, his bilirubin was normalized to 0.8 mg/dL. No significant toxicity was observed. Combination chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab was effective and feasible in this case of metastatic rectal cancer with icterus due to diffuse liver metastases.

A biomassa do fungo ascomiceto Botryosphaeria rhodina, cultivado em glucose como fonte de carbono, foi separada do exopolissacarídeo para investigar a composição, em polissacarídeos, da biomassa. Para obtenção desses polissacarídeos a biomassa foi lavada com água, exaustivamente, até que nenhum resíduo de açúcar livre fosse detectado pelo ensaio do fenol-ácido sulfúrico, garantindo a total remoção do EPS. A massa micelial foi liofilizada, fragmentada e submetida, consecutivamente, a diferentes procedimentos extrativos, a saber, água fria (3x), água fervente (4x) e hidróxido de potássio a 2%, 100°C (2x). Esse procedimento separou as biomoléculas em grupos, de acordo com suas solubilidades. As frações Q1 (aquosa a quente) e K1 (alcalina) foram selecionadas para dar prosseguimento aos estudos por serem quantitativamente majoritárias e com grande diferença percentual entre seus constituintes monossacarídicos. A fração Q1 foi fracionada por cromatografia de filtração em gel Sepharose CL-4B em Q1A, Q1B, Q1C e Q1D. A sub-fração Q1A com maior tamanho molecular, de acordo com seu volume de eluição na cromatografia de filtração em gel, apresentou glucose como componente majoritário. Estudos espectroscópicos por infravermelho e ressonância magnética nuclear de carbono treze mostraram que todas as ligações glicosídicas encontravam-se em configuração ß. A ausência de sinal na região de d 60 ppm e a presença de um sinal intenso em 69,01, bem como os resultados provenientes da metilação permitiram caracterizar a sub-fração Q1A como uma ß-(1?6)-D-glucana. A sub-fração Q1C, constituída principalmente de galactose, após análises espectroscópicas e de metilação teve sua estrutura determinada como de uma galactofuranana com unidades 5-O e 6-O substituídas. As sub-frações Q1B e Q1D não foram investigadas neste trabalho porque os experimentos conduzidos indicaram a necessidade de etapas adicionais de purificação. A fração K1, obtida como primeira extração alcalina, após neutralização, diálise, precipitação em etanol e solubilização em água apresentou um resíduo (K1P) que foi separado por tratamentos sucessivos de gelo e degelo da parte solúvel (K1S). O material insolúvel, denominado K1P, constituído principalmente de glucose (93%) foi caracterizado como uma glucana ß-(1?3) com ramificação em C-6 através de análises espectroscópicas e de metilação. A fração solúvel (K1S), fracionada por cromatografia de filtração em gel de Sepharose CL-4B, apresentou três picos denominados de K1SA, K1SB e K1SC. A sub-fração K1SA, após hidrólise ácida apresentou principalmente glucose (92%) e a cromatografia gasosa dos acetatos de alditóis apresentou três picos, identificados como 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metil, 2,3,6-tri-O-metil e 2,3-di-O-metil derivados. Os sinais de FTIR em 1550 e 920 cm-1 foram característicos de glucanas e em 850 cm-1 de a-glucanas. O espectro de ressonância magnética nuclear de carbono treze mostrou sinais que correspondem a uma a-(1?4) D-glucana com pequeno grau de substituição em C-6. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo indicam que a composição da biomassa do ascomiceto Botryosphaeria rhodina é semelhante à biomassa de diferentes fungos e, provavelmente, as diferenças no grau de substituição correspondem às variações no tempo de cultivo e/ou a necessidade de etapas adicionais de purificação. The composition of the polysaccharides constituting the biomass of the ascomyceteous fungus, Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05, cultivated on glucose as carbon source was investigated following separation of the exopolysaccharides (EPS). Fungal mycelial biomass was exhaustingly washed with water at room temperature until no residual sugars could be detected (phenol-sulfuric acid method), indicating total removal of the EPS, botryosphaeran. The mycelium was then lyophilised, followed by homogenisation and consecutively submitted to the following extraction procedures to extract the biomass polysaccharides: cold water (3x), boiling water (4x) and 2 % KOH/100 °C (2x), which separated the biomacromolecules into groups according to their solubilities in these solvents. Fractions Q1 (hot water extract) and K1 (alkaline extract) were selected for further studies: quantification and monosaccharide constitution. Fraction Q1 was fractionated by Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration chromatography into four peaks: Q1A, Q1B, Q1C and Q1D. Sub-fraction Q1A with an apparent large molecular mass as indicated by its elution volume on a chromatographic run, presented glucose as the major component. Spectroscopy studies (Fourier Transformation-Infra-Red (FT-IR), and 13Carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C-NMR) demonstrated that all of the glycosidic linkages were of the b-configuration. The absence of a signal in the region d 60.0 ppm and the presence of an intense signal at 69.01, as well as the results arising from methylation, characterized Q1A as a ß-(1?6)-D-glucan. Sub-fraction Q1C consisting mainly of galactose residues had a structure characterised as galactofuranan with substitutions at 5-O and 6-O as indicated by spectroscopy and methylation analyses. Sub-fractions Q1B and Q1D were not further investigated in this work because they required detailed purification. The fraction from alkaline extraction (K1) followed by neutralization, dialysis, ethanol precipitation and solubilisation in water, presented an insoluble residue (K1P) which could be separated from its soluble counterpart (K1S) by successive treatments of freezing and thawing. K1P consisted mainly of glucose (93 %) and was characterized through spectroscopy and methylation analyses as a ß-(1?3)-glucan with ramifications at C-6. K1S fractionated by Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration chromatography resolved into three peaks: K1SA, K1SB and K1SC. Sub-fraction K1SA, after acid hydrolysis presented mainly glucose (92 %), and analysis by gas chromatography of the alditol acetate derivatives presented three peaks identified as: 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-, 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl- and 2,3-di-O-methyl-glucitol. FT-IR signals at 1550 and 920 cm-1 were characteristic of glucans, and 850 cm-1 of a-glucans. 13C-NMR spectra showed signals corresponding to a-(1?4)-D-glucan with a low degree of substitution at C-6. The results found in this study indicate that the composition of the biomass polysaccharides of the ascomycete Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 was similar to the biomass of other fungi reported in the literature, and the differences in the degree of substitutions of the polysaccharides probably reflects variations in times of cultivation, and/or the relative degrees of purity.

The box-ball system is studied from the viewpoint of combinatorics of words and tableaux. Each state of the box-ball system can be transformed into a pair of tableaux $(P,Q)$ by the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence. In the language of tableaux, the $P$-symbol gives rise to a conserved quantity of the box-ball system, and the $Q$-symbol evolves independently of the $P$-symbol. The time evolution of the $Q$-symbol is described explicitly in terms of the box-labels., Comment: 25 pages; We revised the paper vastly. The construction of the theory is also modified

The box ball system is studied in the crystal theory formulation. New conserved quantities and the phase shift of the soliton scattering are obtained by considering the energy function (or $H$-function) in the combinatorial $R$-matrix., 15 pages, LaTeX2e: one paragraph replaced and reference added in Introduction, a paragraph added in Section 2.5, remark 2) after Th 4.6 added