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Tung-Wei Kao,1,2 Tao-Chun Peng,1 Wei-Liang Chen,1 Yu-Chiao Chi,2 Chi-Ling Chen,2 Wei-Shiung Yang2– 4 1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; 2Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Center for Obesity, Life Style and Metabolic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanCorrespondence: Wei-Shiung Yang Email wsyang@ntu.edu.twBackground: Leptin plays an important role in regulating the energy homeostasis of fat and muscle. Paradoxical findings existed between serum leptin levels and muscle health conditions. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum leptin levels and the risk of sarcopenia or dynapenia among older adults.Methods: Adults aged 65 and older living in the community were recruited at annual health checkups. Body composition, gait speed, and handgrip strength were examined. The cutoff values of muscle mass and strength to define sarcopenia and dynapenia were based on the consensus by the Asia Working Group of Sarcopenia in 2019. Serum leptin level was measured by an immunoassay.Results: Four hundred sixty participants (55.65% females) were enrolled. There were 16.08% and 23.91% with sarcopenia and dynapenia, respectively. Higher serum leptin levels were positively associated with muscle and fat mass but negatively associated with handgrip strength and gait speed for both sexes. In the logistic regression models adjusted for various confounders, a higher serum leptin level was associated with an increased risk of dynapenia with dose-response effects among both male and female participants (odds ratio [OR]=3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.99– 14.17; OR= 3.32, 95% CI=1.03– 10.74, respectively), and a positive trend existed in both genders (p for tre

Yuan-Yuei Chen,1– 3 Tung-Wei Kao,3 Yi-Lin Chiu,4 Tao-Chun Peng,3 Hui-Fang Yang,3 Wei-Liang Chen3,4 1Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; 3Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; 4Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wei-Liang ChenDivision of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-Gong Road, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 114, TaiwanTel +886-2-87923311 ext. 16567Fax +886-2-87927057Email weiliang0508@gmail.comBackground: Emerging studies have proposed that cytokines secreted following macrophage polarization may contribute to skeletal muscle aging. The current study primarily aimed to determine whether these cytokines have an impact on the progression of sarcopenia in an elderly population.Methods: In total, 120 elderly adults aged 65 years and older who underwent health examinations from 2015 to 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Sarcopenia was based on the criteria proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People in 2019. Macrophages and cytokines datasets were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Comprehensive assessments were performed for muscle strength, muscle mass, gait speed, tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β), and interleukin-12 (IL-12). Thereafter, the association between sarcopenia and cytokines was analyzed using regression models.Results: Low muscle strength and low-speed gait were negatively associated with I