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Twenty-three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from different fermented foods of Western Himalayas have been studied for strain level and functional diversity in our department. Among these 23 strains, 10 S. cerevisiae strains on the basis of variation in their brewing traits were selected to study their organoleptic effect at gene level by targeting ATF1 gene, which is responsible for ester synthesis during fermentation. Significant variation was observed in ATF1 gene sequences, suggesting differences in aroma and flavor of their brewing products. Apple is a predominant fruit in Himachal Pradesh and apple cider is one of the most popular drinks all around the world hence, it was chosen for sensory evaluation of six selected yeast strains. Organoleptic studies and sensory analysis suggested Sc21 and Sc01 as best indigenous strains for soft and hard cider, respectively, indicating their potential in enriching the local products with enhanced quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversity of 102 bacteria isolated from various fermented foods and alcoholic beverages of Western Himalayas was studied with respect to probiotic potential, and out of these, eleven isolates were selected as potential probiotics for further study. These isolates were found to be intrinsically tolerant to upper gastrointestinal transit and this property was isolate dependent. Reduction in viability (in terms of log CFU/mL) was more in simulated gastric juice of pH 2 as compared to pH 3 and 4. These isolates were investigated for surface hydrophobicity as determined by adhesion to different hydrocarbons such as n- hexadecane, xylene and toluene. Most of the isolates showed good degree of adhesion property (52.66 - 79.69%) in n-hexadecane and autoaggregation ability (51.15 - 87.69%). Conventional characterization identified these isolates as belonging to two genera viz., Enterococcus and Lactobacillus. Whereas, on the basis of 16S ribosomal gene sequence analysis, four isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium, one as Bacillus coagulans, three each as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative analysis of citations has immense value in library management, specially in selection of periodicals for subscription. Periodicals as primary sources of information have more importance in research libraries than other sources of information. The cost of the periodicals is increasing day by day and hence its judicious selection is essential Citation analysis is a useful tool for the modern libraries in this regard. In present study, an analysis has been made of 20,046 citations mentioned in 777 scientific and technical reports published by National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, since its inception L e., December 1978. The paper gives an account of year-wise break-up of different categories of reports. Different bibliographic forms of literature cited in the reports such as journals, books, conference proceedings, technical reports, IAHS publications and other documents like Ph.D. Thesis, M.E./M. Tech dissertation, bulletins, standards etc. have been analysed and presented. A ranked list of 56 most important journals related with hydrology and water resources, out of 140 cited journals in the reports has bean prepared. This ranked list of journals covers 92.7% of the total journal citations. The analysis have revealed that 40% of total journal citations relate to only 3 journals namely Water Resources Research (19.01%), Journal of Hydrology (13.43%) and ASCE's Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (7.56%). The country-wise distribution of most cited journal has also been prepared and categorised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against Giardia lamblia trophozoites exhibited by splenic, intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocyte populations isolated from G lamblia infected mice were studied. Different patterns of cytotoxicity were found. Intraepithelial lymphocytes showed a direct cytotoxic activity of 20.6 +/- 5.6% before infection. It was significantly higher on the 20th (p less than 0.01) and 30th (p less than 0.05) day postinfection. Lamina propria lymphocytes showed a significantly augmented level of both direct cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity on the 20th and 30th postinfection days. Direct cytotoxicity by splenic lymphocytes remained unchanged during infection but antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity was significantly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]