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3. Working group on epidemiology & prevention of the european society of cardiology: Proceedings of meeting held at Shannon May 14th–17th, 1998

Author

Sullivan, P. A., Murphy, D., Sullivan, P. A., Keogh, S., Sullivan, P. A., Nash, P., Kaarisalo, M. M., Marttila, J., Immonen-Raiha, P., Salomaa, V., Torppa, J., Tuomilehto, J., Siani, A., Racone, R., Ragone, E., Stinga, F., Strazzullol, P., Cappuccio, F. P., Trevisan, M., Farinaro, E., Mellone, C., Fox, K. F., Cowie, M. R., Wood, D. A., Coats, A. J., Poole Wilson, P. A., Sutton, G. C., Yarnell, J., Sweetnam, P., Thomas, H., Piwonski, J., Piotrowski, W., Pytlak, A., Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A. G., Walker, M., Sharpe, P. C., Young, I. S., Hasselwander, O., McMaster, D., Mercer, C., McGrath, L. T., Evans, A. E., Thomas, F., Guize, L., Ducimetiere, P., Benetos, A., Rosolova, H., Simon, J., Mayer, O., Sefrna, F., Mayer, O., Šimon, J., Rosolova, H., Racek, J., Trefil, L., Marin-Tarlea, M., Carp, C., Apetrei, E., Ginghina, C., Serban, I., Florica, N., Ceck, C., Patrascoiu, M., Ginghina, C., Carp, C., Apetrei, E., Tarlea, M., Cioranu, R., Florica, N., Ceck, C., Vaduva, M., Mihaescu, D., Lapadat, M., Ashton, W. D., Wood, D., Nanchahahal, K., Kelleher, C. C., Brennan, P. J., Howarth, D., Meade, T. W., Kelleher, C. C., Fallon, U. B., McCarthy, U., O’Donnell, M. M. K., Dineen, B., Jousilahti, P., Vartiainen, E., Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., Kastarinen, M., Nissinen, A., Salomaa, V., Vartiainen, E., Jousilahti, P., Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., Rosengren, A., Wedel, H., Wilhelmsen, L., Liese, A. D., Hense, H. W., Keil, U., Keil, U., Liese, A. D., Hense, H. W., Filipiak, B., Döring, A., Stieber, J., Lowel, H., De Laet, C., Brasseur, D., Kahn, A., Wautrecht, J. C., Decuyper, J., Boeynaems, J. M., Jousilahti, P., Vartiainen, E., Tuomilehto, J., Sundvall, J., Puska, P., Marques-Vidal, P., Ferrières, J., Haas, B., Evans, A., Amouyel, P., Luc, G., Ducimetiere, P., Marques-Vidal, P., Ferrieres, J., Arveiler, D., Montaye, M., Evans, A., Ducimetiere, P., Fuentes, R., Notkola, I. -L., Shemeikka, S., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A., Mak, R., De BacquerBacquer, D., De Backer, G., Stam, M., Koyuncu, R., de Smet, P., Kornitzer, M., Braeckman, L., De Backer, G., De Bacquer, D., Claeys, L., Delanghe, J., De Bacquer, D., Kornitzer, M., De Backer, G., Cífkova, R., Pit’ha, J., Červenka, L., Šejda, T., Lanska, V., Škodová, Z., Stavek, P., Poledne, R., Cífková, R., Duskova, A., Hauserová, G., Hejl, Z., Lánská, V., Škodova, Z., Pistulková, H., Poledne, R., Hubáček, J., Pit’ha, J., Stávek, P., Lánská, V., Cífková, R., Faleiro, L. L., Rodrigues, D., Fonseca, A., Martins, M. C., Norris, R. M., Nyyssönen, K., Seppänen, K., Salonen, R., Kantola, M., Salonen, J. T., Parviainen, M. T., De Henauw, S., Myny, K., Doyen, Z., Van Oyen, H., Tafforeau, J., Kornitzer, M., De Backer, G., Benetos, A., Thomas, F., Guize, L., Immonen-Räihä, P., Kaarisalo, M., Marttila, R. J., Torppa, J., Tuomilehto, J., Houterman, S., Hofman, B., Witteman, J. C. M., Verschuren, W. M. M., van de Vijver, L. P. L., Kardinaal, A. F. M., Grobbee, D. E., van Poppel, G., Princen, H. M. G., Kornitzer, M., Doven, M., Koyuncu, R., De Bacquer, D., Myny, K., De Backer, G., Tafforeau, J., Van Oven, H., Doyen, M., Koyuncu, R., Kornitzer, M., De Bacquer, D., Myny, K., De Backer, G., Tafforeau, J., Van Oyen, H., de Bree, A., Verschuren, W. M. M., Blom, H. J., Mulder, I., Smit, H. A., Menotti, A., Kromhout, D., Van den Hoogen, P. C. W., Hofman, A., Witteman, J. C. M., Feskens, E. J. M., Štika, L., Bruthans, J., Wierzbicka, M., Bolinska, H., Voutilainen, S., Nyyssönen, K., Salonen, R., Lakka, T. A., Salonen, J. T., Lakka, H -M., Lakka, T. A., Salonen, J. T., Tuomainen, T-P., Nyyssonen, K., Salonen, J. T., Punnonen, K., Yarnell, J., Patterson, C., Thomas, H., Sweetnam, P., Smith, W. C. S., Campbell, S. E., Cardy, A., Phillips, D. O., Helms, P. J., Squair, J., Smith, W. C. S., Cardy, A., Phillips, D. O., Helms, P. J., Squair, J., Smith, W. C. S., Cardy, A., Phillips, D. O., Helms, P. J., Squair, J., Pytlak, A., Piotrowski, W., Rywik, S., Waskiewicz, A., Sygnowska, E., Szczesniewska, D., Sygnowska, E., Waskiewicz, A., Wagrowska, H., Polakowska, M., Rywik, S., Broda, G., Jasinski, B., Piotrowski, W., Elandt-Johnson, R. C., Wagrowska, H., Kupsé, W., Szczesniewska, D., Platonov, D. Y., Haapanen, N., Miilunpalo, S., Vuori, I., Pasanen, M., Oja, P., Urponen, H., Kopp, M. S., Skrabski, A., Szedmák, S., Boaz, M., Biro, A., Katzir, Z., Matas, T., Smetana, S., Green, M., Whincup, P. H., Morris, R., Walker, M., Lennon, L., Thomson, A., Ebrahim, S. J. B., Refsum, H., Ueland, P. M., Perry, I. J., Boer, J. M. A., Kuivenhoven, J. A., Feskens, E. J. M., Schouten, E. G., Havekes, L. M., Seidell, J. C., Kastelein, J. J. P., Kromhout, D., Oomen, C. M., Feskens, E. J. M., Rasanen, L., Nissinen, A., Fidanza, F., Menotti, A., Kok, F. J., Kromhout, D., Sileikiene, L., Klambienne, J., Milasauskiene, Z., Cappuccio, F. P., Siani, A., Barba, G., Russo, L., Ragone, E., Strazzullo, P., Farinaro, E., Trevisan, M., Schnohr, P., Parner, J., Lange, P., Meleady, R., Graham, I. M., Ueland, P. M., Refsum, H., Blom, H., Whitehead, A. S., Daly, L. E., Stefanovic, B., Boskovic, D., Mitrovic, P., Perunicic, J., Vukcevic, V., Radovanovic, N., Terzic, B., Mrdovic, I., Orilc, D., Matic, G., Vasiljevic, Z., Mitrovic, P., Boskovic, D., Stefanovic, B., Perunicic, J., Vukcevic, V., Mrdovic, I., Radovanovic, N., Orlic, D., Matic, G., Milentijevic, B., Rajic, D., Mitrovic, N., Boskovic, S., Vasiljevic, Z., Marin-Tarlea, M., Carp, C., Apetrei, E., Serban, I., Ceck, C., Patrascsoiu, M., Florica, N., Mihaescu, D., Murphy, C., Meleady, R., Ingram, S., Love, J., Graham, I., Graham, I. M., Meleady, R., van Berkel, T. F. M., Deckers, J. W., and De Bacquer, D.

Published
1998
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4. Parents’ perspectives on ICT and how practices related to ICT are present in the classroom

Author

Kantola, M. (Minna)

Abstract

Since the beginning of the 21st century, rapid changes in technology have taken place, such as the emergence of smart phones and other handheld devices while social media, apps and other software products have become more common and a part of our daily lives. Education is also subject to change, as many countries have recently revised their curriculum to facilitate the fast-paced development. This has led to updating learning objectives and methods to meet the standards and challenges of the modern, digitalized world. Finland likewise implemented a fresh core curriculum in the autumn of 2016, which included the new concept of transversal competences. These transversal competences are skills or abilities, which are to be taught throughout all school subjects, information and communication technology being one of these competences. Technology in education has attracted considerable attention, both scholarly and popular. However, most studies in the field of ICT related to education and school practices have only focused on teachers, students and policymakers, instead of parents. Therefore, this thesis discusses primary school (1st–6th grade) parents’ perspectives considering information and communication technology (ICT). The present study aims to explore how parents define ICT and what practices they have experienced being used at their children’s school. This study uses a qualitative approach. The data was collected with an open-ended questionnaire, which was sent to selected schools in the Oulu region, and resulted in 20 responses. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings show that parents define ICT mainly as practices, skills, competences and using digital tools as well as digital literacy, digital fluency and communication, including some 21st century skills. The results indicate that parents are generally positive towards the use of ICT in the school and believe the significance of ICT skills will increase in the future, with some exceptions. The experienced school practices related to ICT varied: some parents claimed that there is little to no ICT in lessons, while others mentioned emerging technological practices or the use of online environments, games, computers and other devices as well as word processing programs for learning. The research results represent a further step towards understanding parents, how ICT is represented in schools and developing ways of collaboration between parents and teachers to help students learn digital skills.Tiivistelmä. Jo 2000-luvun alusta on tapahtunut nopeita teknologisia muutoksia. Esimerkiksi älypuhelimet ja muut mobiililaitteet sekä sosiaalinen media, sovellukset ja muut tietokoneohjelmistot ovat tulleet luontevaksi osaksi meidän jokapäiväistä elämäämme. Koulutus on myös murroksessa, sillä monet maat ovat uudistaneet opetussuunnitelmiaan vastatakseen kiihtyvään kehitykseen. Sen vuoksi opetustavoitteita ja -menetelmiä on päivitetty vastaamaan nykyisen, digitalisoituneen maailman standardeja ja sen mukanaan tuomia haasteita. Suomessa on myös otettu käyttöön uudistettu opetussuunnitelma syksyllä 2016, jossa esiteltiin laaja-alaisen osaamisen alueet. Laaja-alainen osaaminen kattaa taitoja, joita tulisi opetella kaikissa eri oppiaineissa, ja näistä tieto- ja viestintäteknologia on yksi näistä laaja-alaisen osaamisen alueista. Teknologia opetuksessa ja kasvatuksessa on saanut paljon huomiota osakseen, sekä tieteellisissä että yhteiskunnallisissa yhteisöissä. Siitä huolimatta, monet opetusteknologiaan ja sen käyttöön liittyvät tutkimukset ovat keskittyneet opettajiin, oppilaisiin ja päättäjiin, eivätkä juurikaan ole tutkineet vanhempia. Näin ollen tämä pro gradu -tutkielma syventyy alakoulun(1.–6.-luokkalaisten) vanhempien käsityksiin tieto- ja viestintäteknologiasta (tvt). Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää miten vanhemmat määrittelevät tvt:n ja mistä tvt:hen liittyvistä opetuskäytänteistä he ovat tietoisia tai mitä niistä he ovat kokeneet lapsensa koulussa. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytettiin kvalitatiivista lähestymistapaa. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin avoimen sähköisen kyselynlomakkeen kautta, joka lähetettiin valittuihin kouluihin Oulun seudulla. Kyselylomakkeeseen tuli 20 vastausta. Tutkimusaineiston analysointiin käytettiin temaattista analysointia. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että vanhemmat määrittelevät tvt:n pääsääntöisesti käytäntöinä, taitoina, kompetensseina, digitaalisten työkalujen käyttämisenä sekä digilukutaitona, viestimisenä ja lisäksi 2000-luvun taitoina. Lisäksi, tutkimustulokset osoittivat, että vanhemmat suhtautuvat enimmäkseen myönteisesti tvt:n käyttöön opetuksessa ja lisäksi uskovat tvt-taitojen merkityksen kasvavan entuudestaan tulevaisuudessa, muutamaa poikkeusta lukuun ottamatta. Vanhempien kuvailemissa opetuskäytänteissä oli eroja: osa vanhemmista koki, että tvt:tä oli opetuksessa vähän tai ei ollenkaan, kun taas toiset mainitsivat vasta yleistymässä olevia teknologisia käytänteitä tai virtuaalisten oppimisympäristöjen, tietokoneiden ja muiden laitteiden sekä pelien ja erinäisten ohjelmien hyödyntämisestä opetuksessa. Kaiken kaikkiaan tutkimus lisäsi tietoa ja ymmärrystä vanhempien näkökulmista tvt:hen, esitti kuinka tieto- ja viestintäteknologia on käytössä kouluissa ja ehdotti kuinka tulevaisuudessa voitaisiin kehittää tapoja tiivistää vanhempien ja opettajien välistä yhteistyötä, jotta oppilaat oppisivat hyödyntää entistä paremmin tieto- ja viestintäteknologiaa.

Published
2019

5. Komppi kulkee:metaforisesti käytettyjen liikeverbien semantiikkaa rytmimusiikin kontekstissa

Author

Kantola, M. (Marko)

Abstract

Tiivistelmä. Tarkastelen pro gradu -tutkielmassani, miten muusikot hahmottavat metaforisesti käytettyjen liikeverbien merkityksiä rytmimusiikin kontekstissa. Erityisen tarkastelun kohteina ovat lähimerkityksisinä pidetyt intransitiiviverbit heilua, huojua ja keinua, kun niitä käytetään kuvailemaan esityksen rytmitaustaa eli komppia. Tutkimusaineiston hankin kyselylomakkeilla ja haastatteluilla. Kyselytutkimuksen informantteina toimi neljäkymmentä (40) ja haastattelujen kolme (3) suomalaista suomenkielistä muusikkoa. Kutsun löyhästi elisitaatioon perustuvaa haastattelumetodiani osallistuvaksi haastatteluksi, koska osallistuin aktiivisesti teemojen pohdintaan haastateltavien kanssa ja tilaisuudet muistuttivat välillä enemmän vapaamuotoisia keskusteluita tai ongelman ratkaisemista yhdessä kuin klassista tutkimushaastattelua, jossa tutkija kyselee ja informantti vastaa. Teoreettiselta viitekehykseltään tutkielmani perustuu kognitiivisen semantiikkaan, tarkemmin Ronald W. Langackerin hahmo/kehys -jakoon sekä George Lakoffin tunnetuksi tekemään kognitiiviseen metaforateoriaan. Olen erityisesti kiinnostunut siitä, mihin tutkimieni kaltaisten metaforisten ilmausten tuottaminen ja tulkinta perustuvat. Hypoteesinani pidän ajatusta, että on olemassa käsitemetafora KOMPPI ON LIIKKUVA OLIO. Lisäksi oletan, että tuo metafora ja sitä luonnollisessa kielessä edustavat ilmaukset, kuten komppi heiluu, komppi huojuu ja komppi keinuu, perustuvat pohjimmiltaan keholliseen kokemukseen, vaikka kulttuurinkaan merkitystä ei tule vähätellä. Analyysini osoittaa, että muusikot käsitteistävät verbejä varsin yhtäläisellä tavalla. Useimmat heistä pitävät keinuvuutta tavoiteltavana ominaisuutena kompista puhuttaessa, ja samoin useimmat heistä pitävän heilumista ja huojumista ei-toivottuina samassa kontekstissa. Informanttien näkemykset ovat varsin samankaltaisia siitäkin huolimatta, ettei osa heistä ollut koskaan edes kuullut käytettävän verbiä huojua kompin kontekstissa. Lisäksi haastateltavani kuvailevat erittäin yhtäläisellä tavalla sellaistenkin heille esittämieni liikeverbien merkityksiä, joita kukaan meistä ei ole koskaan kuvitellutkaan käytettävän musiikin kuvailemiseen. Muun muassa nämä havainnot tukevat hypoteesiani, että liikeverbien merkitys tarkastelemassani kontekstissa perustuu keholliseen kokemukseen. Kyse ei siis ole ammattislangista vaan kognitiivisesta prosessista ja sen kielentämisestä. Perinteisten paperille painettujen sanakirjojen ongelmana on melkein väistämättä se, etteivät ne anna riittävästi tietoa lekseemin merkityksistä ja käytöstä. Sähköisissä sanakirjoissa hakusanakohtainen tietomäärä voi olla painettuihin sanakirjoihin verrattuna helposti moninkertainen. Nykytekniikan avulla onkin mahdollista rakentaa eräänlaisia hypersanastoja, jotka sisältävät valtavasti lekseemin

Published
2019

7. Pelittääkö?:Miten pelillisyys voi monipuolistaa opetusta

Author

Kantola, M. (Minna)

Subjects
Education
Abstract

Kandidaatintutkielma kertoo pelillisyydestä ja opetuksen monipuolistamisesta. Vuonna 2014 luotiin uusi Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteet, jossa mainittiin pelillisyys opetusta monipuolistavana opetusmenetelmänä. Tarve tutkia pelillisyyttä syntyi ilmiön ajankohtaisuudesta. Tutkielmassa pelillisyydellä käsitetään digitaalisia pelejä, joita käytetään kasvatuksellisessa tai opetuksellisessa kontekstissa. Monipuolinen opetus voi toteutua usealla tavalla, ja monipuolistamiseen voidaan päästä muuttamalla opetusta, vaihtelemalla opetusmenetelmiä tai muokkaamalla tilaa, jossa opetus tapahtuu. Opettajan rooli on merkittävä pelillisessä oppimisessa, siinä hän toimii enemmän mentorina ja ohjaajana. Kirjallisuudesta kävi ilmi, että pelit ja pelillinen maailma voi edistää oppilaiden sitoutumista opiskeluun ja lisätä itseohjautuvuutta, mutta lisää tutkimusta tulisi tehdä pelillisyyteen ja sen rinnakkaiskäsityksiin liittyen. This bachelor’s thesis is about game-based learning, gamification and diversifying education. In 2014 the Finnish curriculum was revised, and game-based learning was introduced as a teaching method towards diversifying education. The demand to study game-based learning originated from it being a current topic in the educational field. This study is focused on digital games, which are used in an educational or learning manner. Diverse education can be achieved in many ways, by changing the structure of teaching, alternating between different teaching methods or by transformation of the teaching environment or space. The teacher has a significant part to play when teaching with games and their role shifts from being a lecturer to a mentor. The literature shows evidence that games and the game world can enhance student engagement and increase independence, but yet there is a need for more research to be done about game-based learning and its parallel definitions.

Published
2018

8. Kolmenlaista komppia:verbien heilua, huojua ja keinua semantiikkaa populaarimusiikin kontekstissa

Author

Kantola, M. (Marko)

Subjects
Finnish Language
Abstract

Tutkin kandidaatintutkielmassani Kolmenlaista komppia. Verbien heilua, huojua ja keinua semantiikkaa populaarimusiikin kontekstissa intransitiiviverbien heilua, huojua ja keinua merkityksiä, kun niitä käytetään niiden metaforisessa merkityksessä kuvailemaan musiikkiesityksen komppia, rytmitaustaa. Tutkimus nojaa teoreettisen viitekehyksen osalta kognitiivisen kieliopin käsityksiin verbeistä prosessuaalisen relaation ilmaisijoina sekä niin ikään kognitiivisen kieliopin hahmo–kehys-jakoon. Tutkimuksen tärkeimpänä tavoitteena on selvittää, minkälaisia eroja musiikkiin ammattilaisen näkökulmasta suhtautuvat informantit näkevät näiden konkreettisessa perusmerkityksessään jopa synonyymeinä pidettyjen liikeverbien välillä. Lisäksi halusin selvittää, mitkä tekijät muusikoiden mielestä vaikuttavat siihen, että komppi heiluu, huojuu tai keinuu. Käytin metodinani kyselytutkimusta, ja keräsin aineiston kyselylomakkeilla. Informantteja oli 40. Kokemukseni perusteella muusikot ymmärtävät tutkimieni verbien kaltaiset metaforiset ilmaukset hyvin samalla tavalla ja niitä on täten myös helppo keksiä lisää. Kyse ei siis mielestäni ole slangista vaan jopa keholliseen kokemukseen perustuvasta kognitiivisesta prosessista. Tutkimukseni tukee tätä olettamusta: huomattavan suuri osa informanteista ei ole aikaisemmin edes kuullut käytettävän heilua-verbiä komppia kuvailtaessa, mutta heidän intuitiivinen käsityksensä sen merkityksestä ei juurikaan eroa niiden käsityksistä, jotka pitävät heilua-verbin käyttöä luontevana. Hypoteesini oli, että muusikoiden mielestä kompin keinuminen on jotain, johon soittotilanteessa yleensä pyritään, heiluminen jotain, jota soittotilanteessa koetetaan välttää ja huojuminen jotain, jota yleensä pyritään välttämään, mutta joka joskus myös soveltuu tietynlaiseen musiikkiin. Tutkimustulokset tukevat hypoteesiani vahvasti. Muusikot tarkastelevat prosesseja heilua, huojua ja keinua erityisesti omaa toimintaansa, soittamista, vasten. Ammattitaidon merkitys nousee vastauksissa vahvasti esiin. Myös musiikkiesityksen tempolla ja esitettävän materiaalin tyylilajilla nähdään kuitenkin olevan vaikutusta etenkin kompin keinuntaan. Nykytekniikalla on mahdollista luoda sähköisiä sanakirjoja, joihin mahtuu valtava määrä lekseemin käytön kannalta tärkeää tietoa. Uskon, että kandidaatintutkielmani kaltaisilla tutkimuksilla tulee olemaan oma roolinsa uudenlaisissa hypersanastoissa.

Published
2018

22. Lead, magnesium, selenium and zinc in human seminal fluid: comparison with semen parameters and fertility.

Author

Saaranen, M., Suistomaa, U., Kantola, M., Saarikoski, S., and Vanha-Perttula, T.

Abstract

The concentrations of lead, magnesium, selenium and zinc in seminal fluid from men with variable semen quality (sperm morphology, density and motility) and fertility were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer without or with Zeeman background correction. The mean (±SD) concentration of selenium in the samples ( = 142) was 28.8 ± 9.5 μg/l, which was about a third of the corresponding serum value (77.8 ± 13.3 μg/l, = 140). The serum selenium level was significantly ( < 0.001) higher in infertile than in fertile men, but the seminal fluid did not show such a difference. No correlation was obtained between selenium values in seminal plasma and sperm density or motility. The levels of lead in seminal fluid were very low with no correlation to the levels of magnesium, selenium and zinc or the semen qualities. The seminal fluid lead concentration was significantly ( < 0.001) higher in infertile (3.6 ± 3.2 μg/l, = 79) than in fertile men (1.7 ± 1.0 μg/l, = 39). Magnesium (103.5 ± 49.2 mg/l, = 90) and zinc (141.1 + 71.7 mg/l, = 157) concentrations in seminal fluid were comparable with previous reports. Both minerals showed a positive correlation to the seminal fluid selenium, while only zinc displayed a borderline correlation with sperm density. The present findings indicate that the determination of seminal fluid selenium may not offer any advantages over zinc and magnesium measurement in the fertility assessment and its role in human semen remains obscure. The low lead concentrations in the present material is a clear indication of low industrial exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1987

23. Selenium in reproductive organs, seminal fluid and serum of men and bulls.

Author

Saaranen, M., Suistomaa, U., Kantola, M., Remes, E., and Vanha-Perttula, T.

Abstract

The concentrations of selenium in the reproductive organs, seminal fluid and serum of human males and bulls were analysed using an atomic absorption spectrometer with Zeeman background correction. The mean (±SD) concentration of selenium in human seminal fluid (33.4±14.1 μg/1, = 70) was less than half the level detected in serum (78.2±9.9 μg/l, =32). In bulls, the mean selenium concentration in seminal fluid (457.4±108.7μg/1, =113) was about nine times higher than in human males, while the level in serum (49.1±5.1 μg/1, =94) was significantly (<0.001) lower than in human serum. The selenium concentration (500±244 μg/I) in the bovine seminal vesicle secretions were comparable to those in the seminal fluid and this gland appears to be mainly responsible for the high selenium levels in the seminal fluid. The mean selenium concentration in reproductive tissues of both species was highest in the testes. The distribution of selenium in the bovine epididymis was biphask. The testkular and epididymal selenium are associated mainly with macromolecules of the spermatogenk cells and spermatozoa. It was concluded that studies in farm and laboratory animals do not necessarily form a reliable basis for conclusions with regard to human male reproduction, since selenium may have a different role and importance in the reproduction of various species. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1986
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28. Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in seminal plasma of men and bulls

Author

Kantola, M., Saaranen, M., and Vanha-Perttula, T.

Abstract

Summary.High levels of selenium and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were found in bull seminal plasma but low concentrations in human seminal plasma. In man the seminal plasma selenium was associated with two macromolecules separable by gel filtration, but no GSH-Px was found in the same fractions. Selenium in bull seminal plasma was associated with two proteins, which could be separated by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. Both macromolecules coeluted with GSH-Px activity and had identical optima at pH 7·0. Their responses to thermal treatment, however, differed. Seminal vesicle secretory fluid in the bull contained both these proteins, while the larger molecule was also found in fractionations of ampulla, prostate and Cowper's glands. The larger enzyme form is evidently a tetramer of the smaller one. Both enzyme forms were extremely sensitive to heavy metals and some divalent metal ions. GSH caused an activation while other reducing agents were suppressive. Triton X-100 had no effect, while sodium deoxycholate was inhibitory. These properties are typical for a phospholipid hydroperoxide GSH-Px. It is concluded that this selenium-dependent enzyme may be important in the protection of bovine spermatozoa against damage caused by oxygen radicals, while in man such a mechanism is not functional.Keywords:selenium; glutathione peroxidase; seminal plasma; human; bull

Published
1988
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33. The Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author

Kantola M, Ilves O, Honkanen S, Hakonen H, Yli-Ikkelä R, Köyhäjoki A, Anttila MR, Rintala A, Korpi H, Sjögren T, Karvanen J, and Aartolahti E

Subjects
Humans, Aged, Executive Function, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy methods, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Cognition, Virtual Reality
Abstract

The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression was to examine the effects of virtual reality-based training on global cognition and executive function compared with conventional training or information-based treatment in older adults, regardless of cognitive level. A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases. A total of 31 randomized controlled trials were identified. Pooled effect sizes were calculated, the risk of bias was assessed, and evidence was graded. The primary analyses showed a small but statistically significant effect of virtual reality-based training compared with control on global cognition (Hedges' g 0.42, 95% confidence interval [0.17, 0.68], I2 = 70.1%, n = 876, 20 randomized controlled trials, low evidence) and executive function (Hedges' g 0.35, 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.65], I2 = 68.4%, n = 810, 16 randomized controlled trials, very low evidence). Meta-regression yielded inconclusive results. Virtual reality-based training may be more effective than control in improving cognition in older adults; however, more high-quality studies are needed.

Published
2024
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34. High manganese and nickel concentrations in human hair and well water and low calcium concentration in blood serum in a pristine area with sulphide-rich bedrock.

Author

Kousa A, Loukola-Ruskeeniemi K, Hatakka T, and Kantola M

Subjects
Humans, Nickel analysis, Manganese analysis, Cadmium analysis, Copper analysis, Calcium, Serum chemistry, Zinc analysis, Hair chemistry, Soil, Sulfides, Sulfur, Trace Elements analysis, Selenium analysis, Drinking Water
Abstract

We report the trace element status of residents living in areas with naturally sulphide-rich bedrock and soil in two municipalities in Finland, Sotkamo and Kaavi. Altogether, 225 people from these sparsely populated regions participated voluntarily by providing hair and blood samples. The concentrations of calcium, zinc and copper in serum as well as selenium and cadmium in whole blood did not show correlation with those concentrations in hair samples. Calcium concentration in serum was slightly lower in the sulphide-rich areas (median value 91.4 mg/l, n = 103) than in the areas with adjacent sulphur-poor bedrock (median value 93.6 mg/l, n = 82). The concentrations of Ni and Mn in hair correlated with those in drinking water. The highest Mn and Ni concentrations in the water samples from private wells were 1620 µg/l and 51 µg/l and the highest concentrations in human hair samples 36.44 mg/kg and 12.3 mg/kg, respectively. The challenge with elevated trace element concentrations in some well waters is well documented. In northern countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway and Canada), only 10% of the population depend on private well water, and 90% have access to monitored municipal water supplies. Compared with data available from sulphide mine sites globally, the nickel and manganese concentrations in human hair samples were high in our sulphide-rich study area at Sotkamo representing the trace element status of residents under natural conditions., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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35. "Unhealthy = Tasty": How Does It Affect Consumers' (Un)Healthy Food Expectations?

Author

Paakki M, Kantola M, Junkkari T, Arjanne L, Luomala H, and Hopia A

Abstract

Consumers having a strong unhealthy = tasty (UT) belief are less likely to choose healthy food even though they recognize its health benefits, because they assume healthy food to be unpalatable. The aim of this study was to profile consumers according to their UT belief and specify the strength of the belief among a demographically representative consumer group. The other aim was to investigate the effect of UT belief on expectations of two food products representing either an unhealthy or a healthy image. A total of 1537 consumers participated in the online survey. The scale-based (1-7) mean for UT belief was 3.27 and related positively to male gender and food pleasure orientation and negatively to general health interest. The results indicate that a strong UT belief correlates with positive expectations of unhealthy food and with negative expectations of healthy food. UT belief seemed to increase expected food-associated guilt, but other strong food-related attitudes (health interest with unhealthy food and pleasure orientation with healthy food) reduced this effect. In practice, understanding the relationship between UT belief and personal factors and attitudes, and the importance of this belief to food expectations can assist in finding the tools to encourage consumers towards healthier food choices.

Published
2022
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36. Effects of Novel Inverted Rocker Orthoses for First Metatarsophalangeal Joint on Gastrocnemius Muscle Electromyographic Activity during Running: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Author

Sánchez-Gómez R, Romero-Morales C, Gómez-Carrión Á, De-la-Cruz-Torres B, Zaragoza-García I, Anttila P, Kantola M, and Ortuño-Soriano I

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Pilot Projects, Reproducibility of Results, Electromyography, Metatarsophalangeal Joint, Orthotic Devices, Running
Abstract

Background: The mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (I MPTJ) has been related to the proper windlass mechanism and the triceps surae during the heel-off phase of running gait; the orthopedic treatment of the I MPTJ restriction has been made with typical Morton extension orthoses (TMEO). Nowadays it is unclear what effects TMEO or the novel inverted rocker orthoses (NIRO) have on the EMG activity of triceps surae during running., Objective: To compare the TMEO effects versus NIRO on EMG triceps surae on medialis and lateralis gastrocnemius activity during running., Study Design: A cross-sectional pilot study., Methods: 21 healthy, recreational runners were enrolled in the present research (mean age 31.41 ± 4.33) to run on a treadmill at 9 km/h using aleatory NIRO of 6 mm, NIRO of 8 mm, TMEO of 6 mm, TMEO of 8 mm, and sports shoes only (SO), while the muscular EMG of medial and lateral gastrocnemius activity during 30 s was recorded. Statistical intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability was calculated and the Wilcoxon test of all five different situations were tested., Results: The reliability of values was almost perfect. Data showed that the gastrocnemius lateralis increased its EMG activity between SO vs. NIRO-8 mm (22.27 ± 2.51 vs. 25.96 ± 4.68 mV, p < 0.05) and SO vs. TMEO-6mm (22.27 ± 2.51 vs. 24.72 ± 5.08 mV, p < 0.05). Regarding gastrocnemius medialis, values showed an EMG notable increase in activity between SO vs. NIRO-6mm (22.93 ± 2.1 vs. 26.44 ± 3.63, p < 0.001), vs. NIRO-8mm (28.89 ± 3.6, p < 0.001), and vs. TMEO-6mm (25.12 ± 3.51, p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Both TMEO and NIRO have shown an increased EMG of the lateralis and medialis gastrocnemius muscles activity during a full running cycle gait. Clinicians should take into account the present evidence when they want to treat I MTPJ restriction with orthoses, and consider the inherent triceps surae muscular cost relative to running economy.

Published
2020
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37. Impacts of forest harvesting on mobilization of Hg and MeHg in drained peatland forests on black schist or felsic bedrock.

Author

Ukonmaanaho L, Starr M, Kantola M, Laurén A, Piispanen J, Pietilä H, Perämäki P, Merilä P, Fritze H, Tuomivirta T, Heikkinen J, Mäkinen J, and Nieminen TM

Subjects
Finland, Forestry statistics & numerical data, Forests, Iron, Soil chemistry, Trees, Environmental Monitoring, Forestry methods, Mercury analysis, Methylmercury Compounds analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract

Forest harvesting, especially when intensified harvesting method as whole-tree harvesting with stump lifting (WTHs) are used, may increase mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) leaching to recipient water courses. The effect can be enhanced if the underlying bedrock and overburden soil contain Hg. The impact of stem-only harvesting (SOH) and WTHs on the concentrations of Hg and MeHg as well as several other variables in the ditch water was studied using a paired catchment approach in eight drained peatland-dominated catchments in Finland (2008-2012). Four of the catchments were on felsic bedrock and four on black schist bedrock containing heavy metals. Although both Hg and MeHg concentrations increased after harvesting in all treated sites according to the randomized intervention analyses (RIAs), there was only a weak indication of a harvest-induced mobilization of Hg and MeHg into the ditches. Furthermore, no clear differences between WTHs and SOH were found, although MeHg showed a nearly significant difference (p = 0.06) between the harvesting regimes. However, there was a clear bedrock effect, since the MeHg concentrations in the ditch water were higher at catchments on black schist than at those on felsic bedrock. The pH, suspended solid matter (SSM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and iron (Fe) concentrations increased after harvest while the sulfate (SO4-S) concentration decreased. The highest abundances of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were found on the sites with high MeHg concentrations. The biggest changes in ditch water concentrations occurred first 2 years after harvesting.

Published
2016
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38. Determination of low methylmercury concentrations in peat soil samples by isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS using distillation and solvent extraction methods.

Author

Pietilä H, Perämäki P, Piispanen J, Starr M, Nieminen T, Kantola M, and Ukonmaanaho L

Subjects
Bromides chemistry, Copper Sulfate chemistry, Nitrogen chemistry, Potassium Compounds chemistry, Solvents chemistry, Distillation, Environmental Monitoring methods, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Methylmercury Compounds analysis, Soil chemistry, Soil Pollutants analysis
Abstract

Most often, only total mercury concentrations in soil samples are determined in environmental studies. However, the determination of extremely toxic methylmercury (MeHg) in addition to the total mercury is critical to understand the biogeochemistry of mercury in the environment. In this study, N2-assisted distillation and acidic KBr/CuSO4 solvent extraction methods were applied to isolate MeHg from wet peat soil samples collected from boreal forest catchments. Determination of MeHg was performed using a purge and trap GC-ICP-MS technique with a species-specific isotope dilution quantification. Distillation is known to be more prone to artificial MeHg formation compared to solvent extraction which may result in the erroneous MeHg results, especially with samples containing high amounts of inorganic mercury. However, methylation of inorganic mercury during the distillation step had no effect on the reliability of the final MeHg results when natural peat soil samples were distilled. MeHg concentrations determined in peat soil samples after distillation were compared to those determined after the solvent extraction method. MeHg concentrations in peat soil samples varied from 0.8 to 18 μg kg(-1) (dry weight) and the results obtained with the two different methods did not differ significantly (p=0.05). The distillation method with an isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS was shown to be a reliable method for the determination of low MeHg concentrations in unpolluted soil samples. Furthermore, the distillation method is solvent-free and less time-consuming and labor-intensive when compared to the solvent extraction method., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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40. Mercury-binding capacity of organic and inorganic selenium in rat blood and liver.

Author

Seppänen K, Laatikainen R, Salonen JT, Kantola M, Lötjönen S, Harri M, Nurminen L, Kaikkonen J, and Nyyssönen K

Subjects
Animals, Energy Intake, Fishes, Inactivation, Metabolic, Liver metabolism, Male, Mercury blood, Methylmercury Compounds analysis, Methylmercury Compounds blood, Methylmercury Compounds metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Selenium blood, Liver drug effects, Mercury metabolism, Mercury pharmacokinetics, Selenium metabolism, Selenium pharmacology
Abstract

The mercury-binding capacity of seleno-DL-methionine and selenium dioxide was assessed in male Wistar rats. Mercury was supplied as fish loaves made of northern pike or rainbow trout. We used a selenium concentration of 3.4 mg/kg fish, about sixfold compared to the equivalent quantity of mercury. Seleno-DL-methionine had a tendency to increase both methyl mercury and total mercury in blood, although it also seemed to reduce the proportion of methyl mercury of total mercury. Selenium dioxide lowered mercury levels by 24-29% both in the blood and in the liver of rats that were fed with northern pike.

Published
1998
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41. Association of cadmium with human breast cancer.

Author

Antila E, Mussalo-Rauhamaa H, Kantola M, Atroshi F, and Westermarck T

Subjects
Adult, Aging metabolism, Analysis of Variance, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Cadmium adverse effects, Cadmium analysis, Copper metabolism, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Receptors, Estrogen metabolism, Receptors, Progesterone metabolism, Risk Factors, Selenium metabolism, Smoking, Zinc metabolism, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Breast Neoplasms physiopathology, Cadmium metabolism
Abstract

The carcinogenic potential of cadmium might be affected by several factors such as smoking, hormones and presence of other metals, such as selenium and zinc. Cadmium was analyzed in breast-fat tissue of 43 breast cancer patients and 32 healthy control subjects. Patients were thoroughly characterized according to such variables as stage of cancer, smoking habits, and number of children. Correlation of cadmium levels with these variables, with hormone receptors, and with previously reported selenium and zinc were all analyzed. The mean cadmium concentration found in breast cancer patients (20.4 +/- 17.5 micrograms/g) did not differ significantly from that of the healthy controls (31.7 +/- 39.4 micrograms/g). However, unexpectedly high concentrations of cadmium (3.2-86.9 vs. 0.1-160.4 micrograms/g) were found in breast samples, which may indicate that cadmium binding proteins exist in human breast tissue. Correlation of cadmium with smoking rate of cancer patients was positive (Rs = 0.0505, p < 0.05). Correlation of cadmium with estrogen receptors in breast cancer was suggestive (Rs = 0.309, 28 cases, P = 0.06). No correlation was found with other trace elements such as selenium, zinc and copper. These results seem neither to prove nor to disprove the role of cadmium in breast cancer initiation, promotion or progression.

Published
1996
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42. Trends in the concentrations of mercury, copper, zinc and selenium in inhabitants of north-eastern Finnish Lapland in 1982-1991. A pilot study.

Author

Mussalo-Rauhamaa H, Kantola M, Seppänen K, Soininen L, and Koivusalo M

Subjects
Adult, Child, Copper analysis, Copper blood, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Female, Finland epidemiology, Hair chemistry, Humans, Male, Mercury analysis, Mercury blood, Metals blood, Pilot Projects, Selenium analysis, Selenium blood, Zinc analysis, Zinc blood, Environmental Exposure analysis, Metals analysis
Abstract

The heavy industry on the Murmansk region in Russia is releasing huge amounts of waste into the air, including heavy metals and sulphur compounds. To investigate the temporal trend in exposure to certain heavy metals among the inhabitants of north-eastern Finland, a pilot study was carried out involving serum and hair samples from group of 11 persons monitored in Ivalo in 1982 and 1991. A further 6 persons residing near the Russian border in Nellim and 10 adults and 2 children residing in the Sevettijärvi-Näätämö area also participated in 1991. In addition, serum and hair samples were also obtained from controls residing in the Helsinki area. Total mercury content, determined by flow injection analysis and the amalgam system, pointed to a decrease in concentrations in the hair of inhabitants of Ivalo, whereas mercury concentrations were found to be higher in those residing near the Russian border. The mercury concentrations in the hair of northern inhabitants were about 4 times greater than those in the hair of the people from southern Finland on average. No trend towards an increase or decrease was found in copper and zinc concentrations in hair and serum as determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in employing the flame technique. Selenium has been thought to act as an antagonist to the heavy metal mercury. The addition of selenium to fertilisers began in Finland in 1984, but such fertilisers have not been used widely in Lapland. Selenium concentrations, determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, showed an increase with time in the inhabitants of northern Finland. Selenium concentrations were higher in the residents of Lapland than in the southern Finns, but this difference occurred after the addition of selenium to fertilisers has begun to be less common.

Published
1996

43. Intake of mercury from fish, lipid peroxidation, and the risk of myocardial infarction and coronary, cardiovascular, and any death in eastern Finnish men.

Author

Salonen JT, Seppänen K, Nyyssönen K, Korpela H, Kauhanen J, Kantola M, Tuomilehto J, Esterbauer H, Tatzber F, and Salonen R

Subjects
Adult, Animals, Finland, Humans, Lipoproteins, LDL metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Selenium blood, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Fishes, Food Contamination, Lipid Peroxidation, Mercury adverse effects, Myocardial Infarction etiology
Abstract

Background: Even though previous studies have suggested an association between high fish intake and reduced coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, men in Eastern Finland, who have a high fish intake, have an exceptionally high CHD mortality. We hypothesized that this paradox could be in part explained by high mercury content in fish., Methods and Results: We studied the relation of the dietary intake of fish and mercury, as well as hair content and urinary excretion of mercury, to the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and death from CHD, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and any cause in 1833 men aged 42 to 60 years who were free of clinical CHD, stroke, claudication, and cancer. Of these, 73 experienced an AMI in 2 to 7 years. Of the 78 decreased men, 18 died of CHD and 24 died of CVD. Men who had consumed local nonfatty fish species had elevated hair mercury contents. In Cox models with the major cardiovascular risk factors as covariates, dietary intakes of fish and mercury were associated with significantly increased risk of AMI and death from CHD, CVD, and any death. Men in the highest tertile (> or = 2.0 micrograms/g) of hair mercury content had a 2.0-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.1; P = .005) age- and CHD-adjusted risk of AMI and a 2.9-fold (95% CI, 1.2 to 6.6; P = .014) adjusted risk of cardiovascular death compared with those with a lower hair mercury content. In a nested case-control subsample, the 24-hour urinary mercury excretion had a significant (P = .042) independent association with the risk of AMI. Both the hair and urinary mercury associated significantly with titers of immune complexes containing oxidized LDL., Conclusions: These data suggest that a high intake of mercury from nonfatty freshwater fish and the consequent accumulation of mercury in the body are associated with an excess risk of AMI as well as death from CHD, CVD, and any cause in Eastern Finnish men and this increased risk may be due to the promotion of lipid peroxidation by mercury.

Published
1995
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44. Copper and zinc concentrations of abdominal aorta and liver in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm or aortoiliacal occlusive disease.

Author

Jaakkola P, Hippeläinen M, and Kantola M

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aorta, Abdominal pathology, Arteriosclerosis pathology, Female, Freeze Drying, Humans, Iliac Artery pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal pathology, Copper analysis, Ischemia pathology, Leg blood supply, Liver pathology, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular pathology, Zinc analysis
Abstract

It has been suggested that low copper concentrations in tissues could be a risk factor in the development of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). To further elucidate this argument, liver and abdominal aortic specimens were obtained from 19 patients with an AAA and 26 patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) during an operation. After tissue breakdown and liquefaction, the samples were tested for copper and zinc with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean aortic copper level was 3.8 (microgram/g dry weight) in the AAA-group and 3.2 in the AIOD-group. The liver copper values were 27.7 and 25.9 respectively. The zinc concentrations in AAA- and AIOD-groups were 61.1 (microgram/g dry weight) and 62.8 for the aortas and 207.9 and 191.7 for liver specimens, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the copper and zinc concentrations found in the aorta or liver specimens. On the basis of our findings, it seems unlikely that copper and zinc in the aortic wall or in the liver would play an important role in the pathogenesis of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Published
1994

45. Screening of effects of selenomethionine-enriched yeast supplementation on various immunological and chemical parameters of skin and blood in psoriatic patients.

Author

Harvima RJ, Jägerroos H, Kajander EO, Harvima IT, Aalto ML, Neittaanmäki H, Naukkarinen A, Kantola M, Miettinen UK, and Horsmanheimo M

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Psoriasis blood, Psoriasis immunology, Selenium analysis, Selenium blood, Skin chemistry, Glutathione Peroxidase drug effects, Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects, Psoriasis drug therapy, Selenomethionine pharmacology, Selenomethionine therapeutic use, Skin drug effects, T-Lymphocytes drug effects
Abstract

Selenium (Se) is known to affect the immune system, and decreased Se-levels in blood of patients with moderate or severe psoriasis have been reported. In this study, the effect of Se-supplementation (400 micrograms/day for 6 weeks as Se-yeast, containing about 70% selenomethionine, SeMet) on skin and blood Se-content, on skin glutathione peroxidase activity and on various chemical and immunological parameters of blood and skin was investigated in 7 psoriatic patients. Before the SeMet-supplementation, serum and blood Se-levels were at the normal range, but they increased 42-45% during the Se-dosage, while zinc levels remained unchanged. Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity in both normal and lesional psoriatic skin remained unchanged during the trial, although a small net Se-uptake was detected. At the same time, a slight but statistically significant increase in the number of CD4+ T-cells was observed in the reticular dermis of the psoriatic lesions whereas the numbers of CD8+, CD11c+, and CD1+ cells were not significantly altered. Also, a relatively high number of patients (3 out of 7) showed a strongly reduced number of gamma/delta T-lymphocytes or increased CD8+ T-cells (2 patients) in peripheral blood. However, SeMet-supplementation was not related to these abnormalities or to the number of other peripheral blood immunocytes or to serum immunoglobulin levels. In addition, no marked effect on the clinical condition of the patients was observed. This pilot study suggests that SeMet may be able to modulate the immunological mechanism of psoriatic lesions by increasing the number of CD4+ T-cells.

Published
1993
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47. Metabolism, cellular actions, and cytotoxicity of selenomethionine in cultured cells.

Author

Kajander EO, Harvima RJ, Eloranta TO, Martikainen H, Kantola M, Kärenlampi SO, and Akerman K

Subjects
Animals, Cell Line, DNA Replication drug effects, Humans, Kinetics, Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive, Lymphoma, Methionine Adenosyltransferase metabolism, Methylation, Models, Biological, Neoplasm Proteins biosynthesis, RNA, Neoplasm biosynthesis, S-Adenosylmethionine metabolism, Selenomethionine analogs & derivatives, Selenomethionine pharmacology, Cell Survival drug effects, Methionine metabolism, Selenomethionine metabolism
Abstract

Selenomethionine metabolism and the biochemical basis for its cytotoxicity were analyzed in cultured human and murine lymphoid cells. The metabolic pathways were also addressed, using purified mammalian enzymes and crude tissue extracts. Selenomethionine was found to be effectively metabolized to S-adenosylmethionine analog, and that analog was further metabolized in transmethylation reactions and in polyamine synthesis, similarly to the corresponding sulphur metabolites of methionine. Selenomethionine did not block these pathways, nor was there a specific block on the synthesis of DNA, RNA, or proteins when added to the culture medium. Selenomethionine showed cytotoxicity at above 40 microM levels. Yet, low selenomethionine levels (10 microM) could replace methionine and support cell growth in the absence of methionine. Selenomethionine toxicity took place concomitantly with changes in S-adenosylmethionine pools. D-form was less cytotoxic than L-form. Methionine concentration modified the cytotoxicity. Together, this indicates that selenomethionine uptake and enzymic metabolism are involved in the cytotoxicity in a yet unknown way.

Published
1991
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48. Relationship of serum selenium and antioxidants to plasma lipoproteins, platelet aggregability and prevalent ischaemic heart disease in Eastern Finnish men.

Author

Salonen JT, Salonen R, Seppänen K, Kantola M, Parviainen M, Alfthan G, Mäenpää PH, Taskinen E, and Rauramaa R

Subjects
Ascorbic Acid blood, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Coronary Disease epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Finland, Glutathione Peroxidase blood, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Vitamin E blood, Antioxidants analysis, Coronary Disease blood, Lipoproteins blood, Platelet Aggregation, Selenium blood
Abstract

In a cross-sectional population study of 1132 unselected Eastern Finnish men aged 54 years, serum selenium concentration had a weak positive association with plasma HDL cholesterol (standardised partial regression coefficient, beta = 0.061, P = 0.019) and a fairly strong inverse relationship (beta = -0.223, P less than 0.001) with the extent of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Neither plasma ascorbate concentration nor alpha-tocopherol to total cholesterol ratio had any association with plasma lipoproteins, platelet aggregability or prevalent ischaemic heart disease (IHD). When a covariance-correction was applied, men with ischaemic ECG findings at exercise had a lower mean serum selenium than others (81.5 micrograms/l vs. 85.9 micrograms/l, P less than 0.01 for difference). This difference was equally large for men with neither symptoms nor previous diagnosis of IHD.

Published
1988
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49. Serum fatty acids, apolipoproteins, selenium and vitamin antioxidants and the risk of death from coronary artery disease.

Author

Salonen JT, Salonen R, Penttilä I, Herranen J, Jauhiainen M, Kantola M, Lappeteläinen R, Mäenpää PH, Alfthan G, and Puska P

Subjects
Adult, Antioxidants administration & dosage, Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoproteins A blood, Arachidonic Acid, Arachidonic Acids blood, Coronary Disease blood, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated blood, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk, Vitamin A blood, Apolipoproteins blood, Coronary Disease mortality, Fatty Acids blood, Selenium blood, Vitamins blood
Abstract

The independent association of serum concentrations of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, apolipoproteins AI and B, selenium and vitamins A and E with the risk of death from coronary artery disease (CAD) was studied in 92 persons with no previous myocardial infarction, who died from CAD during a 5-year follow-up, and their 92 1-to-1 matched controls. Case-control pairs came from a randomly drawn population sample of approximately 12,000 persons aged 30 to 64 years from 2 provinces of eastern Finland, an area with exceptionally high CAD mortality. Control subjects were matched for sex, age, serum cholesterol, mean arterial pressure, tobacco consumption and history of cardiovascular diseases. The persons who died of CAD had lower serum esterified arachidonic acid concentrations before follow-up than the control subjects (41 vs 48 mg/liter, p = 0.05), and this difference was greater for pairs with no chest pain on effort (36 vs 50 mg/liter, p less than 0.05). The adjusted risk of CAD death in persons with a serum polyunsaturated to saturated (P/S) fatty acid ratio of 0.28 or less (in the lowest tertile) was 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 8.2) compared with those with higher serum P/s ratios in a multivariate logistic model and 5.6-fold (95% CI 1.6 to 19.8) for pairs with no chest pain on effort. A low serum apolipoprotein AI concentration (1.25 g/liter or less, in the lowest tertile) was associated with a 2.5-fold (95% CI 1.1 to 5.7) adjusted risk of CAD death among the chest pain-free persons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1985
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50. Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in seminal plasma of men and bulls.

Author

Kantola M, Saaranen M, and Vanha-Perttula T

Subjects
Animals, Cattle, Chromatography, Gel, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Glutathione Peroxidase metabolism, Humans, Male, Molecular Weight, Seminal Vesicles enzymology, Glutathione Peroxidase analysis, Selenium analysis, Semen analysis
Abstract

High levels of selenium and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were found in bull seminal plasma but low concentrations in human seminal plasma. In man the seminal plasma selenium was associated with two macromolecules separable by gel filtration, but no GSH-Px was found in the same fractions. Selenium in bull seminal plasma was associated with two proteins, which could be separated by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. Both macromolecules coeluted with GSH-Px activity and had identical optima at pH 7.0. Their responses to thermal treatment, however, differed. Seminal vesicle secretory fluid in the bull contained both these proteins, while the larger molecule was also found in fractionations of ampulla, prostate and Cowper's glands. The larger enzyme form is evidently a tetramer of the smaller one. Both enzyme forms were extremely sensitive to heavy metals and some divalent metal ions. GSH caused an activation while other reducing agents were suppressive. Triton X-100 had no effect, while sodium deoxycholate was inhibitory. These properties are typical for a phospholipid hydroperoxide GSH-Px. It is concluded that this selenium-dependent enzyme may be important in the protection of bovine spermatozoa against damage caused by oxygen radicals, while in man such a mechanism is not functional.

Published
1988
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