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Two novel yellow pigments, 7,8-dihydro-12- O -methylpitholide B (1) and 12- O -methylpitholide B (2), and two known compounds, pitholide B (3) and anishidiol (4), were isolated from an endophytic strain of Sordariomycetes sp. S-3. The structures of the new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, ultraviolet, mass spectrometry, and electrochemical detection. The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of the isolated compounds were also evaluated. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against HL60 cells with an IC 50 of 15.8 μ M, whereas compound 3 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. Compound 3 inhibited B. subtilis at 50 µ g/disk, and 4 inhibited Candida tropicalis , B. subtilis , and Aspergillus niger at 50 µg/disk. [Display omitted] • 7,8-dihydro-12- O -methylpitholide B and 12- O -methylpitholide B were isolated from an endophyte. • Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis. • 7,8-dihydro-12- O -methylpitholide B exhibited cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information about adult-onset Still's disease, a multisystemic disorder of unidentified etiology. Features of the disease; Treatment for the disease.

Two novel aromatic polyketides 1 and 3 and five known compounds, (4 S ,10 S )-talaroflavone ( 2 ), altenuene ( 4 ), isoaltenuene ( 5 ), alternariol ( 6 ), and altenusin ( 7 ), were isolated from an endophytic strain of Alternaria alternata SI-694. The structures of the new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated by NMR, IR, UV, and ECD spectroscopies, and the phytotoxicities of the isolated compounds were also evaluated. Altenusin ( 7 ) showed moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells, with an IC 50 of 6.65 µM, whereas 5 , 6 , and 7 were phytotoxic against Lactuca sativa , Brassica campestris L., Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop. and Digitaria ciliaris .

Binding of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to the cognate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is the initial step in the viral infection process. In this study, we screened an in-house extract library to identify food materials with inhibitory activity against this binding using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and attempted to ascertain their active constituents. Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergia leaves were identified as candidate materials. Its active compounds were purified using conventional chromatographic methods and identified as naringenin, dihydroisocoumarins, hydrangenol, and phyllodulcin, which have affinities for the ACE2 receptor and inhibit ACE2 receptor-spike S1 binding. Given that boiled water extracts of H. macrophylla leaves are commonly consumed as sweet tea in Japan, we speculated that this tea could be used as a potential natural resource to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry.)

We describe a group of elderly patients (average: 71.1 year-old, 37 male and 6 female patients) with relapsing, coalescent, papular dermatosis. The skin rash started as intensely pruritic, discrete, solid papules developing in crops in a fairly localized area. The primary papular lesions tended to coalesce into flat-topped, polygonal papules or plaques that often showed a cobble stone-like appearance. The disease took a protracted course of repeated relapses without known precipitating factors. Both papular and coalescent plaque lesions showed compact perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells containing varying populations of eosinophils in the upper dermis. Approximately half of the patients had mild hypereosinophilia and elevated serum IgE levels without histories of atopic diathesis. These clinicopathological features were consistent with those of the papular lesions that Ofuji originally defined as the primary skin rash of papuloerythroderma. We propose that our cases represent a precursor or an abortive lesion of Ofuji papuloerythroderma.