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Background: Cannabis use among youth is increasing; this study aimed to assess college students’ knowledge, attitude, and expectancies toward cannabis use. Methods: Cross-sectional survey using standardized tools among undergraduate and postgraduate college students in urban Bangalore, India ( N = 405). Results: Ten percent reported past three-month cannabis use, with 1% reporting daily use. Users were significantly older (median age 21, IQR 22,20 [vs. 20, IQR 21,19], p < .001) and belonged to families with higher monthly incomes ( p = .02). Use was significantly higher among males than females (65.9% vs. 34.1%, p = .006) and postgraduate students than undergraduates (51.2% vs. 48%, p = .001). Users were also significantly more favorable toward cannabis use (median score 4, IQR 6,2 [vs. median 3, IQR 4,2], p = .005) and had more positive expectancies from use (median score 2, IQR 3,2 [vs. median 2, IQR 2,0], p = .001). Nearly 30% were unaware that cannabis can affect a person’s ability to drive safely or that it can affect executive functions, including academic performance. Over one-third were unaware of the current legal status of cannabis in India. Overall, 36%, 25%, and 17%, respectively, said that cannabis use is safe when used for recreational purposes, cannabis should be legalized as it helps to relieve stress, and cannabis use among youngsters should be acceptable in society as it is “part of college life.” Conclusion: Findings build on existing literature on cannabis use among college youth in India, which can guide preventive interventions and policies for this vulnerable group.

Abstract The Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility is the longest running open-air carbon dioxide and ozone enrichment facility in the world. For over two decades, soybean, maize, and other crops have been exposed to the elevated carbon dioxide and ozone concentrations anticipated for late this century. The facility, located in East Central Illinois, USA, exposes crops to different atmospheric concentrations in replicated octagonal ~280 m2 Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) treatment plots. Each FACE plot is paired with an untreated control (ambient) plot. The experiment provides important ground truth data for predicting future crop productivity. Fumigation data from SoyFACE were collected every four seconds throughout each growing season for over two decades. Here, we organize, quality control, and collate 20 years of data to facilitate trend analysis and crop modeling efforts. This paper provides the rationale for and a description of the SoyFACE experiments, along with a summary of the fumigation data and collation process, weather and ambient data collection procedures, and explanations of air pollution metrics and calculations.

Background: A variety of activities in construction site such as mason, painting, welding, cement mixing, concrete mixing, may eventually lead to exposures that can subject the construction workers as most vulnerable group to develop occupational skin diseases. Objective: To determine the prevalence of occupational skin diseases among construction workers in Chengalpattu district. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 301 construction workers in construction sites at Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu state over a period of two months (October 2022 to November 2022). Data collection was done using a interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS 21 version and p value of

Background: Smartphone have revolutionized, and become an integral part of a child’s life. The child’s interaction with these modern devices needs to be assessed because it could have an enormous effect on their behavior, sleep habits, and psychological addiction. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of exposure to smartphone, and the association between the exposure and behavioral, functional changes among under-five children in rural Puducherry Methodology: This community based cross-sectional study was done in the field practice area of a private medical college in Puducherry. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 340 eligible participants. A semi- structured questionnaire was used to assess the pattern of exposure, physical, social, and behavioral changes among study participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, and p-value of Results: Among 340 children, more than half of participants 180(52.9%) were female. Interestingly, around half of the study participants parents 181(53.2%) accepted that, their children were exposed to smartphone for entertainment purposes, and around one-tenth 35 (10.3%) of the participants viewed screen for more than the recommended screen time for age. Increased smartphone exposure was statistically associated with behavioral, and functional changes. Conclusion: Measures must be undertaken to prevent the deleterious behavioral and functional changes in under-five children due to excessive smartphone usage. Health education sessions and social behavioral change communication should be planned for the parents to protect the budding generation from the negative effects of smartphone usage.

Reuse of waste PET bottles in construction industry is emerging as a potential option for improving the properties of unreinforced concrete. Although earlier studies have explored the effect of PET reinforced concrete under monotonic loading, limited studies have explored its behaviour under cyclic loading. In this context, the present study quantifies the impact of PET strips on characteristics of concrete under low frequency cyclic loading at different stress levels. A comparative assessment of stress–strain response, deformation characteristics, loading/unloading modulus, Poisson’s ratio and strain energy density for PET macro-reinforced concrete has been performed with conventional concrete (CC). PET concrete exhibits higher loading capacity, lower variability, delay in damage propagation and better damage tolerance under cyclic loading. The study also proposes a simple equation for quantification of confinement effect developed due to the presence of PET strips in concrete. Overall, the utilization of waste PET in concrete presents a sustainable approach for improving the properties of unreinforced concrete (viz., pavement application, flowable fill application, brick manufacturing), while reducing the negative environmental impact of waste PET.

The knowledge of Pranayama in elderly is very important in day to day life. In case of mental health problem like depression, the availability of the source of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) like Pranayama helps to decrease depression. The aim of the review is to discuss the articles pertaining to pranayama on depression in elderly including both quantitative and qualitative studies published and unpublished and to review the related studies and other articles regarding effectiveness of pranayama on depression in elderly. The review was based on the studies conducted globally. Systematic searches were conducted on a range of databases, citations were sought from relevant reviews and several websites were also included in the search, including those of MIND and the Mental Health Foundation. MEDline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published from 2000 January to December 2013. Five independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each report based on predefined inclusion criteria (study design and measure of depression). Individual effect sizes were standardized. Results of 87 abstracts reviewed, 7 results were not Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), 36 Studies were excluded due to their intervention and other problems, 25 Studies were excluded due to their outcomes, 2 dissertations was excluded, 17 Full Text articles were assessed for eligibility, Exclusion of study reports through full text screening n=8 duplicated: editorial review article: 3 Did not meet inclusion criteria: 4 Incomplete information: 9 studies met inclusion criteria and were included for final review. Heterogeneity between studies was not explained by age or sex, but could be partly explained by the types of depression and assessments. Collaborative care interventions are more effective for depression in older people than usual care and are also of high value. Pranayama are effective component with depression.

Two specimens of Valenciennea helsdingenii (Bleeker, 1858) were collected off Punnakayal coast, from Gulf of Mannar, southeast coast of India in November 2012. The morphometric and meristic characters of the recorded specimens are described and discussed. This is the first record of the species from the Indian waters that is a range extension of its known range within the Indian Ocean.

In our daily life, often we use forecasting techniques to predict weather, economy, population growth, stock, etc. In recent years, many fuzzy time series methods are developed for forecasting of enrollments of Universities. Song and Chissom (1993) were the pioneers in studying such type of problems. Shiva Raj Sing (2007) presented a simple time variant method for forecasting the enrollment of the University of Alabama using fuzzy time series. Forecasts are needed only if there is uncertainty about the future. In this paper develop the modified algorithm to forecast enrollment for the same data set and compared with existing methods. The proposed method shows the better forecasting accuracy rate for enrollments, compared than other methods.