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Introduction: Immunocompromised persons are at high risk of persistent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and associated diseases. Few studies evaluated HPV vaccines in immunocompromised persons. This study aimed to evaluate the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) immunogenicity and safety in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, in comparison to immunocompetent women (IC). Methods: Open-label clinical trial that enrolled SOT recipients and immunocompetent women aged 18 to 45 years. All participants received three doses of 4vHPV vaccine. Blood samples were drawn for evaluation of immune responses at baseline and one month after the third vaccination. Seroconversion rates and antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 35, 52 and 58 were measured with in-house multiplexed serology assay (xMAP technology). Follow-up for the local and systemic adverse events (AEs) continued for seven days after each vaccination. Severe AEs were evaluated throughout the study. Results: 125 SOT and 132 immunocompetent women were enrolled; 105 (84%) SOT and 119 (90%) immunocompetent women completed the study. At baseline, HPV seropositivity was not significantly different between groups. Seroconversion rates were significantly lower in SOT (HPV18, 57%; HPV6 and 16, 69%; and HPV11, 72%) than in immunocompetent women (100% seroconversion to all vaccine types) (p <0.001). Antibody GMCs of all four HPV vaccine types were also significantly lower in SOT (p <0.001). Pain in the injection site and headache were the most frequent adverse event in both groups. Local pain was more frequent in immunocompetent women than in SOT recipients. Rates of other AEs were comparable in both groups. Conclusion: 4vHPV vaccine was well-tolerated by SOT recipients. We found strong evidence of lower humoral immune responses to 4vHPV vaccine in SOT compared to immunocompetent women, which strengthen recommendation of routine cervical cancer screening in SOT recipients regardless of HPV vaccination status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cervical cancer elimination through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs requires the attainment of herd effect. Due to its uniquely high basic reproduction number, the vaccination coverage required to achieve herd effect against HPV type 16 exceeds what is attainable in most populations. We have compared how gender-neutral and girls-only vaccination strategies create herd effect against HPV16 under moderate vaccination coverage achieved in a population-based, community-randomized trial. Methods and findings In 2007-2010, the 1992-1995 birth cohorts of 33 Finnish communities were randomized to receive gender-neutral HPV vaccination (Arm A), girls-only HPV vaccination (Arm B), or no HPV vaccination (Arm C) (11 communities per trial arm). HPV16/18/31/33/35/45 seroprevalence differences between the pre-vaccination era (2005-2010) and post-vaccination era (2011-2016) were compared between all 8,022 unvaccinated women Conclusions In this study we only observed herd effect against HPV16/18 after gender-neutral vaccination with moderate vaccination coverage. With only moderate vaccination coverage, a gender-neutral vaccination strategy can facilitate the control of even HPV16. Our findings may have limited transportability to other vaccination coverage levels. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00534638, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00534638., Author(s): Penelope Gray 1,*, Hanna Kann 2, Ville N. Pimenoff 2,3,4, Tiina Eriksson 5, Tapio Luostarinen 6, Simopekka Vänskä 7, Heljä-Marja Surcel 8,9, Helena Faust 2, Joakim Dillner 2, Matti [...]

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause several human cancers. Bivalent (Cervarix) and quadrivalent (qGardasil) HPV vaccines both contain virus-like particles of the major oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18, but also cross-protect against some nonvaccine types. However, data on long-term sustainability of the cross-reactive antibody responses to HPV vaccines are scarce.Methods: Serum samples donated 7-12 years after immunization at age 16-17 years with bivalent (n = 730) or quadrivalent (n = 337) HPV vaccine were retrieved from the population-based Finnish Maternity Cohort biobank. Serum antibody levels against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, and 73 were determined using multiplex pseudovirion binding assay. Antibody avidity was assessed using ammonium thiocyanate treatment.Results: Seropositivity for HPV31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 58, 59, 68, and 73 was increasingly common (P ≤ .001; χ 2 test for trend for each of these types) when women had high anti-HPV16 antibody levels. For 8 nonvaccine HPV types seropositivity was more common among recipients of bivalent than quadrivalent vaccine, in particular for HPV31, 35, 45, 51, 52, and 58 (P < .001). Antibody avidity was higher in the quadrivalent vaccine recipients for HPV6, 11, and two of the nonvaccine types, but lower for HPV16 and 18 (P < .001).Conclusions: Both vaccines elicit cross-reactive antibodies detectable even 12 years after vaccination. Cross-reactive seropositivity is more common in women with high anti-HPV16 antibody response and in the bivalent vaccine recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at increased risk of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infection and disease. This study aimed to evaluate HPV seroprevalence, cervical HPV prevalence, genotype distribution, and frequency of HPV-related cervical lesions in SOT recipients in comparison to immunocompetent women., Methods: Cross-sectional study including SOT and immunocompetent women aged 18 to 45 years who denied previous HPV-related lesions. Cervical samples were screened for HPV-DNA by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA microarray system (PapilloCheck®) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) by liquid-based cytology. A multiplexed pseudovirion-based serology assay (PsV-Luminex) was used to measure HPV serum antibodies., Results: 125 SOT and 132 immunocompetent women were enrolled. Cervical samples were collected from 113 SOT and 127 immunocompetent women who had initiated sexual activity. HPV-DNA prevalence was higher in SOT than in immunocompetent women (29.6% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.112), but this difference was not statistically significant. High-risk (HR)-HPV was significantly more frequent in SOT than in immunocompetent women (19.4% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.014). Simultaneous infection with ≥2 HR-HPV types was found in 3.1% of SOT and 0.9% of immunocompetent women. HPV seropositivity for at least one HPV type was high in both groups: 63.8% of 105 SOT and 69.7% of 119 immunocompetent women (p = 0.524). Low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade SIL (HSIL) were significantly more frequent in SOT (9.7% and 5.3%, respectively) than in immunocompetent women (1.6% and 0.8%, respectively) (p = 0.001)., Conclusions: These results may reflect the increased risk of HPV persistent infection and disease progression in SOT women due to chronic immunosuppression., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.