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2. Association between Hematological Parameters and Severity of COVID-19 disease [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

Author

Gokul Krishnan, Shubhada Karanth, Sudha Vidyasagar, Archit Aggarwal, Anurupa Udupi, Suresh Karanth, and Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri

Subjects
Research Article, Articles, COVID-19, Droplet spread, Inflammation, Hematological, Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Background This study aimed to determine the relationships between hematological parameters- hemoglobin, Total Leucocyte Counts (TLC), platelet counts, Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC), Absolute Lymphocyte Counts (ALC), Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and the severity of COVID-19 disease and their use in predicting severity of COVID-19 disease. Methods and Material This was a prospective, observational, single-center study of 573 symptomatic adult inpatients of COVID 19 admitted to our tertiary care center. Statistical analysis used The above-mentioned hematological parameter levels were noted and compared between the two categories of COVID-19 disease, namely non-severe and severe COVID-19 using logistic regression methods. Their cut-off values were detected using the ROC curve. Results The median TLC, ANC, NLR, SII, NMR, PLR were notably higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with non-severe COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that NMR (OR=1.029, p=0.006) and ALC (OR=0.999, p=0.002) were statistically significant independent predictors of COVID-19 severity. Conclusions The hematological parameters mentioned, can be used for predicting severe COVID-19 disease at admission. ALC and NMR levels could be used as hematological markers to predict severity of COVID-19 in adult patients with their cut off values being < 1105 cells/cubic millimeter and > 10.434 respectively.

Published
2024
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3. Association between Hematological Parameters and Severity of Covid-19 Infections [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

Author

Gokul Krishnan, Shubhada Karanth, Sudha Vidyasagar, Archit Aggarwal, Anurupa Udupi, Suresh Karanth, and Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri

Subjects
Research Article, Articles, COVID-19, Droplet spread, Inflammation, Hematological, Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Background This study aimed to determine the relationships between hematological parameters- hemoglobin, Total Leucocyte Counts (TLC), platelet counts, Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC), Absolute Lymphocyte Counts (ALC), Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and the severity of COVID 19 infections and their use in predicting severity of COVID-19 infections. Methods and Material This was a prospective, observational, single-center study of 573 symptomatic adult inpatients of COVID 19 admitted to our tertiary care center. Statistical analysis used The above-mentioned hematological parameter levels were noted and compared between the two categories of COVID-19 infection, namely non-severe and severe COVID-19 using logistic regression methods. Their cut-off values were detected using the ROC curve. Results The median TLC, ANC, NLR, SII, NMR, PLR were notably higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with non-severe COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that NMR (OR=1.029, p=0.006) and ALC (OR=0.999, p=0.002) were statistically significant independent predictors of COVID-19 severity Conclusions The hematological parameters mentioned, can be used for predicting severe COVID-19 infections at admission. ALC and NMR levels could be used as hematological markers to predict severity of COVID-19 in adult patients with their cut off values being < 1105 cells/cubic millimeter and > 10.434 respectively.

Published
2024
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4. Association between Hematological Parameters and Severity of COVID-19 disease [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Author

Sudha Vidyasagar, Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri, Suresh Karanth, Anurupa Udupi, Archit Aggarwal, Shubhada Karanth, and Gokul Krishnan

Subjects
COVID-19, Droplet spread, Inflammation, Hematological, Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, eng, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Background This study aimed to determine the relationships between hematological parameters- hemoglobin, Total Leucocyte Counts (TLC), platelet counts, Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC), Absolute Lymphocyte Counts (ALC), Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and the severity of COVID-19 disease and their use in predicting severity of COVID-19 disease. Methods and Material This was a prospective, observational, single-center study of 573 symptomatic adult inpatients of COVID 19 admitted to our tertiary care center. Statistical analysis used The above-mentioned hematological parameter levels were noted and compared between the two categories of COVID-19 disease, namely non-severe and severe COVID-19 using logistic regression methods. Their cut-off values were detected using the ROC curve. Results The median TLC, ANC, NLR, SII, NMR, PLR were notably higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with non-severe COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that NMR (OR=1.029, p=0.006) and ALC (OR=0.999, p=0.002) were statistically significant independent predictors of COVID-19 severity. Conclusions The hematological parameters mentioned, can be used for predicting severe COVID-19 disease at admission. ALC and NMR levels could be used as hematological markers to predict severity of COVID-19 in adult patients with their cut off values being < 1105 cells/cubic millimeter and > 10.434 respectively.

Published
2024
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5. Prevalence and Predictors of Adverse Events Associated With Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Author

Swetha R Reghunath, Ashna Chackochan, Girish Thunga, Dinesh U Acharya, Kaniyoor Nagri Shivashankara, Attur Ravindra Prabhu, and Leelavathi D Acharya

Subjects
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral hypoglycemic agents widely prescribed in India despite safety concerns. However, studies focused on their safety profile are scarce, especially in South India. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and predictors of adverse events (AEs) with DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research design and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from medical records of T2DM patients prescribed DPP-4 inhibitors admitted to the medicine department from 2019 to 2021 at a South Indian tertiary care hospital. The causality of AEs was assessed using the WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) criteria and the Naranjo scale, and severity using the Modified Hartwig and Seigel scale. We applied a Generalized model with a binary response and logit-link function to understand the factors that best explain the AE. The best-fit models were chosen based on least Akaike’s information criterion and highest Pseudo R 2 and presented the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. The analyses were performed in R software version 4.2.1. Results: Among the 796 patients included in the study, 26% experienced AEs. A total of 212 AEs were observed, and Saxagliptin-associated AEs were the most prevalent (66.6%). Hepatic AEs were predominant (37.7%), followed by gastrointestinal events (16.5%) and electrolyte imbalances (12.3%). Most AEs were possible based on WHO-UMC criteria (78.7%) and the Naranjo scale (86.7%), with 58% being of moderate severity and 42% mild. In the multivariate analysis, aspartate transaminase [OR: 1.013 (0.006–1.020)], alkaline phosphatase [OR: 1.004 (1.001–1.007)] and patients already on DPP-4 inhibitors [OR 1.191(1.012–1.366)] were significant predictors for AEs with DPP-4 inhibitors. Conclusion: The study highlighted a high prevalence of AEs with DPP-4 inhibitors and identified significant predictors of these AEs. These findings underscore the necessity of vigilant monitoring and risk assessment while prescribing DPP-4 inhibitors to the Indian population.

Published
2024
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6. Association between Hematological Parameters and Severity of Covid-19 Infections [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Author

Sudha Vidyasagar, Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri, Suresh Karanth, Anurupa Udupi, Archit Aggarwal, Shubhada Karanth, and Gokul Krishnan

Subjects
COVID-19, Droplet spread, Inflammation, Hematological, Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, eng, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Background This study aimed to determine the relationships between hematological parameters- hemoglobin, Total Leucocyte Counts (TLC), platelet counts, Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC), Absolute Lymphocyte Counts (ALC), Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and the severity of COVID 19 infections and their use in predicting severity of COVID-19 infections. Methods and Material This was a prospective, observational, single-center study of 573 symptomatic adult inpatients of COVID 19 admitted to our tertiary care center. Statistical analysis used The above-mentioned hematological parameter levels were noted and compared between the two categories of COVID-19 infection, namely non-severe and severe COVID-19 using logistic regression methods. Their cut-off values were detected using the ROC curve. Results The median TLC, ANC, NLR, SII, NMR, PLR were notably higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with non-severe COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that NMR (OR=1.029, p=0.006) and ALC (OR=0.999, p=0.002) were statistically significant independent predictors of COVID-19 severity Conclusions The hematological parameters mentioned, can be used for predicting severe COVID-19 infections at admission. ALC and NMR levels could be used as hematological markers to predict severity of COVID-19 in adult patients with their cut off values being < 1105 cells/cubic millimeter and > 10.434 respectively.

Published
2024
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7. Effect of chronic kidney disease on adverse drug reactions to anti-tubercular treatment: a retrospective cohort study

Author

Divya Datta, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Attur Ravindra Prabhu, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Girish Thunga, Rahul Magazine, Shivashankar Kaniyoor Nagri, Raghavendra Shetty, Nisha Abdul Khader, Dharshan Rangaswamy, Srinivas Vinayak Shenoy, Mohan V. Bhojaraja, and Asha Kamath

Subjects
Chronic kidney disease, tuberculosis, adverse drug reaction, hepatitis, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Introduction Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). These patients may also be at higher risk of developing antitubercular treatment (ATT)-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Although dose modification has been recommended, data regarding the impact of impaired kidney function on ATT-associated ADRs is sparse. We studied the incidence and profile of ATT-associated ADRs in patients with CKD and compared them with those with normal kidney function.Methodology This retrospective study analyzed all patients initiated on ATT from January 2016 to August 2019. Patients were grouped into CKD and normal kidney function based on their eGFR. Data on ATT-associated ADRs were collected from medical records. Predictors of ADRs were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Additionally, Propensity score matching and analysis were done for CKD and normal kidney function in 1:3 ratio.Results Of 1815 patients on ATT, 75 (4.1%) had CKD. ADRs were more frequent [36/75 (48.0%) vs. 239/1740 (13.7%), p ≤ 0.0001] and more severe [15/46 (32.6%) vs. 43/283 (15.1%), p = 0.010] in CKD than those with normal kidney function. The most common ADRs were hepatobiliary [23/75 (30.6%) vs. 156/1740 (8.9%), p ≤ 0.0001], neuropsychiatric [8/75(10.6%) vs. 21/1740(1.2%), p ≤ 0.0001], renal [4/75(5.3%) vs. 8/1740(0.4%), p = 0.001], and gastrointestinal [5/75(6.6%) vs. 34/1740 (1.9%), p = 0.020]. CKD was an independent predictor for ADRs (OR −4.96, 95% CI: 2.79–8.82; p ≤ 0.0001). The matched cohort showed similar results.Conclusion ATT-associated ADRs were more common and severe in patients with CKD, despite drug dose modifications. Optimal dosing of ATT in CKD needs to be further evaluated.

Published
2024
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8. Simultaneously Enhanced Tenacity, Rupture Work, and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes Fibers by Increasing the Effective Tube Contribution

Author

Zhang, Xiao, De Volder, Michael, Zhou, Wenbin, Issman, Liron, Wei, Xiaojun, Kaniyoor, Adarsh, Portas, Jeronimo Terrones, Smail, Fiona, Wang, Zibo, Wang, Yanchun, Liu, Huaping, Zhou, Weiya, Elliott, James, Xie, Sishen, and Boies, Adam

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Although individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are superior as constituents to polymer chains, the mechanical and thermal properties of CNT fibers (CNTFs) remain inferior to commercial synthetic fibers due to the lack of synthesis methods to embed CNTs effectively in superstructures. The application of conventional techniques for mechanical enhancement resulted in a mild improvement of target properties while achieving parity at best on others. In this work, a Double-Drawing technique is developed to deform continuously grown CNTFs and rearrange the constituent CNTs in both mesoscale and nanoscale morphology. Consequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting CNTFs can be jointly improved, and simultaneously reach their highest performances with specific strength (tenacity) $\rm\sim3.30\,N\,tex^{-1}$, work of rupture $\rm\sim70\,J\,g^{-1}$, and thermal conductivity $\rm\sim354\,W\,m^{-1}\,K^{-1}$, despite starting from commercial low-crystallinity materials ($I{\rm_G}:I{\rm_D}\sim5$). The processed CNTFs are more versatile than comparable carbon fiber, Zylon, Dyneema, and Kevlar. Furthermore, based on evidence of load transfer efficiency on individual CNTs measured with In-Situ Stretching Raman, we find the main contributors to property enhancements are (1) the increased proportion of load-bearing CNT bundles and (2) the extension of effective length of tubes attached on these bundles., Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, research article (main text+supporting information)

Published
2022
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9. Association between Hematological Parameters and Severity of Covid-19 Infections [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Author

Gokul Krishnan, Shubhada Karanth, Sudha Vidyasagar, Archit Aggarwal, Anurupa Udupi, Suresh Karanth, and Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri

Subjects
Research Article, Articles, COVID-19, Droplet spread, Inflammation, Hematological, Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Background This study aimed to determine the relationships between hematological parameters- hemoglobin, Total Leucocyte Counts (TLC), platelet counts, Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC), Absolute Lymphocyte Counts (ALC), Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and the severity of COVID 19 infections and their use in predicting severity of COVID-19 infections. Methods and Material This was a prospective, observational, single-center study of 573 symptomatic adult inpatients of COVID 19 admitted to our tertiary care center. Statistical analysis used The above-mentioned hematological parameter levels were noted and compared between the two categories of COVID-19 infection, namely non-severe and severe COVID-19 using logistic regression methods. Their cut-off values were detected using the ROC curve. Results The median TLC, ANC, NLR, SII, NMR, PLR were notably higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with non-severe COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that NMR (OR=1.029, p=0.006) and ALC (OR=0.999, p=0.002) were statistically significant independent predictors of COVID-19 severity Conclusions The hematological parameters mentioned, can be used for predicting severe COVID-19 infections at admission. ALC and NMR levels could be used as hematological markers to predict severity of COVID-19 in adult patients with their cut off values being < 1105 cells/cubic millimeter and > 10.434 respectively.

Published
2024
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12. Effect of exercise on renal function in diabetic nephropathy—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Megha Nataraj, MPT, Arun G. Maiya, Ph.D., Shankar P. Nagaraju, MD, Barkur A. Shastry, MD, and Kaniyoor N. Shivashankara, MD

Subjects
Chronic kidney disease, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic kidney disease, Exercise, Kidney function, Nephropathy, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

الملخص: أهداف البحث: يسبب اعتلال الكلية السكري مضاعفات في القلب والأوعية الدموية لدى الأفراد المصابين بداء السكري، مما يؤدي إلى انخفاض وظائف الكلى والتدهور الجسدي العام. كان الهدف من هذه المراجعة المنهجية هو تحديد تأثير التمرين على متغيرات وظائف الكلى المختلفة بين الأفراد المصابين بداء السكري من النوع الثاني واعتلال الكلية. طرق البحث: تم تسجيل المراجعة المنهجية في قاعدة بيانات ''بروسبيرو''، وتم البحث في قواعد البيانات التالية: ميدلاين، وسكوبس، وشبكة العلوم، وسيناهل، وبروكويست، وكوكران. من بين 1734 سجل وجدت فقط أربع تجارب معشاة ذات شواهد، وتم تضمينها في التوليف النوعي والكمي بعد فحص أهلية الدراسة في مرحلة العنوان والملخص والنص الكامل. النتائج: تضمنت المراجعة ما مجموعه 203 شخصا (103 في مجموعة التدخل و 100 في المجموعة الضابطة / القياسية) مصابين باعتلال الكلية السكري من النوع 2 أو مرض الكلى المزمن في المراحل 2 و 3 و 4. استخدمت ثلاث من الدراسات الأربع مبدأ ''فيت'' (التكرار، والشدة، والوقت، والنوع) في تدريب التمرينات والوصفات الطبية. تلقت مجموعة التدخل تمارين هوائية ومقاومة، منزلية، خاضعة للإشراف، ومنظمة. أظهر التحليل التلوي عدم وجود تأثير للتمرين على كرياتينين المصل، وسيستاتين المصل، ومعادلة الكرياتينين، ومعادلة سيستاتين، ومعادلة الكرياتينين-سيستاتين. ومع ذلك ، فقد أدت التمارين الرياضية إلى خفض نسبة الألبومين البولي إلى نسبة الكرياتينين، ونسبة البروتين البولي إلى نسبة الكرياتينين، ونتروجين اليوريا في الدم، وإزالة الكرياتينين، وإفراز البروتين في البول مع زيادة تصفية اليوريا. الاستنتاجات: هناك دليل محدودة على دور التمارين في وقاية الكلى وتغيير معايير وظائف الكلى بين مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني المصابين باعتلال الكلية. Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy causes cardiovascular complications among individuals with diabetes which results in decreased kidney function and overall physical decline. The objective of this systematic review was to determine effects of exercise on various renal function parameters amond individuals with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. It was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020198754). Total 6 databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Cochrane) were searched. Among 1734 records, only four randomized controlled trials were included. The review included a total of 203 participants (103 in the intervention group and 100 in the control/standard group) with type 2 diabetic nephropathy or stage 2,3, or 4 of chronic kidney disease. The meta-analysis showed no effects of exercise on serum creatinine, serum cystatin c and varied eGFR equations. However, exercise decreased urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, urinary protein to creatinine ratio, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, and urinary protein excretion while increasing urea clearance. Limited evidence on the reno-protective role of exercise demands future research in this direction.

Published
2023
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15. Association of serum ferritin with severity and clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients: An observational study in a tertiary healthcare facility

Author

Shilia Jacob Kurian, Sara Poikayil Mathews, Abin Paul, Subeesh K. Viswam, Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri, Sonal Sekhar Miraj, and Shubhada Karanth

Subjects
COVID-19, Ferritin, Risk factor, SARS-CoV-2, Severity, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Ferritin, an intracellular protein, has a pivotal role in immune dysregulation. Hyperferritinemia has been associated with higher disease severity and adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19, including mortality. We aimed to study the association of serum ferritin levels with disease severity and clinical outcomes and its severity prediction potential in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 870 adult patients with symptomatic COVID-19 infection hospitalized between July 1, 2020 to December 21, 2020. All the patients had a positive polymerase chain reaction test result of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results: The median age was 55 (IQR:40, 65) years with a male predominance [66.32% (n = 577)], among 870 COVID-19. Of these, 413 (47.47%) had mild COVID-19, and 457 (52.53%) had moderate plus severe COVID-19 disease. Median ferritin levels were significantly high in moderate to severe COVID-19 infection compared to mild [545.8 (326.0, 1046.0) vs 97.3 (52.65–155.5) (p = 0.001)], and in patients who developed a complication compared to without complications [380 (177.05, 863.15) vs 290 (110.9, 635) (p = 0.002). A slight elevation in median ferritin levels was observed in patients who had an ICU stay than non-ICU [326 (129.8, 655) vs 309 (119.1, 684) (p = 0.872)]. The cut-off for ferritin was identified at >287.4 ng/ml for mild versus moderate plus severe COVID-19 infections. Conclusion: Moderate to severe COVID-19 patients have elevated ferritin levels. Patients with more than 287.4 ng/ml ferritin value would have greater chances of developing moderate to severe COVID-19 infections.

Published
2023
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16. WCN24-2236 COMPARISON OF FIRST-LINE ANTI-TUBERCULAR DRUGS LEVELS IN TUBERCULOSIS (TB) WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD)

Author

Datta, Divya, primary, Attur, Ravindra Prabhu, additional, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, additional, Magazine, Rahul, additional, Shetty, Raghavendra, additional, Thunga, Girish, additional, Nagri, Shivashankar Kaniyoor, additional, Rao, Indu Ramachandra, additional, Rangaswamy, Dharshan, additional, Shenoy, Srinivas Vinayak, additional, Bhojaraja, Mohan V., additional, and Khader, Nisha Abdul, additional

Published
2024
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17. Prognostic significance of thyroid dysfunction in acute stroke

Author

Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri, Chandrasekhar Udayavara Kudru, Sampath Kumar Amaravadi, and Laxmi Prasad

Subjects
cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, stroke, thyroid dysfunction, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Background: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Several comorbidities have been associated with increased mortality in acute stroke patients. Conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and thyroid dysfunction are identified as risk factors in the etiology of stroke. Methods: This is a prospective study involving 40 patients admitted with acute stroke between October 2010 and July 2012 in Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, under the Departments of Medicine and Neurology. Results: Thyroid dysfunction has been associated with CVAs and is an area of active research in the present times. Conclusion: Low T3 level was associated with unfavorable outcome and with posterior circulation stroke as accessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.

Published
2021
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21. Low-power laser manufacturing of copper tracks on 3D printed geometry using liquid polyimide coating

Author

Mansour Abdulrhman, Adarsh Kaniyoor, Carmen M. Fernández-Posada, Pablo Acosta-Mora, Ian McLean, Nick Weston, Marc P. Y. Desmulliez, and Jose Marques-Hueso

Subjects
General Engineering, General Materials Science, Bioengineering, General Chemistry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

A low-power laser patterning method enables the production of copper microcracks on 3D surfaces of some important 3D printing polymers, such as ABS and acrylate photopolymer. Tracks as small as 28 μm are produced with a simple 32 mW CV laser diode.

Published
2023

23. Simultaneously enhanced tenacity, rupture work, and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube fibers by raising effective tube portion

Author

Zhang, Xiao, De Volder, Michael, Zhou, Wenbin, Issman, Liron, Wei, Xiaojun, Kaniyoor, Adarsh, Terrones Portas, Jeronimo, Smail, Fiona, Wang, Zibo, Wang, Yanchun, Liu, Huaping, Zhou, Weiya, Elliott, James, Xie, Sishen, Boies, Adam, Zhang, Xiao [0000-0002-3022-2830], De Volder, Michael [0000-0003-1955-2270], Zhou, Wenbin [0000-0002-5831-7663], Wei, Xiaojun [0000-0002-8746-6641], Kaniyoor, Adarsh [0000-0001-5851-1362], Smail, Fiona [0000-0002-1725-3683], Wang, Yanchun [0000-0002-2256-9121], Liu, Huaping [0000-0001-7017-4127], Zhou, Weiya [0000-0001-6851-1630], Elliott, James [0000-0002-4887-6250], Xie, Sishen [0000-0002-3737-6162], Boies, Adam [0000-0003-2915-3273], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, cond-mat.mes-hall, 4001 Aerospace Engineering, Bioengineering, 4018 Nanotechnology, cond-mat.mtrl-sci, 4016 Materials Engineering, 40 Engineering
Abstract

Although individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are superior to polymer chains, the mechanical and thermal properties of CNT fibers (CNTFs) remain inferior to synthetic fibers because of the failure of embedding CNTs effectively in superstructures. Conventional techniques resulted in a mild improvement of target properties while degrading others. Here, a double-drawing technique is developed to rearrange the constituent CNTs. Consequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting CNTFs can simultaneously reach their highest performances with specific strength ~3.30 N tex −1 (4.60 GPa), work of rupture ~70 J g −1 , and thermal conductivity ~354 W m −1 K −1 despite starting from low-crystallinity materials ( I G : I D ~ 5). The processed CNTFs are more versatile than comparable carbon fiber, Zylon and Dyneema. On the basis of evidence of load transfer efficiency on individual CNTs measured with in situ stretching Raman, we find that the main contributors to property enhancements are the increasing of the effective tube contribution.

Published
2022

24. Catalyst-Mediated Enhancement of Carbon Nanotube Textiles by Laser Irradiation: Nanoparticle Sweating and Bundle Alignment

Author

Thurid S. Gspann, Adarsh Kaniyoor, Wei Tan, Philipp A. Kloza, John S. Bulmer, Jennifer Mizen, Giorgio Divitini, Jeronimo Terrones, Daniel Tune, John D. Cook, Fiona R. Smail, and James A. Elliott

Subjects
carbon nanotube/CNT, catalyst, network, textiles, photonic processing, thermal processing, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The photonic post-processing of suspended carbon nanotube (CNT) ribbons made by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) results in selective sorting of the carbon nanotubes present. Defective, thermally non-conductive or unconnected CNTs are burned away, in some cases leaving behind a highly crystalline (as indicated by the Raman G:D ratio), highly conductive network. However, the improvement in crystallinity does not always occur but is dependent on sample composition. Here, we report on fundamental features, which are observed for all samples. Pulse irradiation (not only by laser but also white light camera flashes, as well as thermal processes such as Joule heating) lead to (1) the sweating-out of catalyst nanoparticles resulting in molten catalyst beads of up to several hundreds of nanometres in diameter on the textile surface and (2) a significant improvement in CNT bundle alignment. The behavior of the catalyst beads is material dependent. Here, we show the underlying mechanisms of the photonic post-treatment by modelling the macro- and microstructural changes of the CNT network and show that it is mainly the amount of residual catalyst which determines how much energy these materials can withstand before their complete decomposition.

Published
2021
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29. Novel biomarkers for prognosticating diabetic kidney disease progression

Author

Swaminathan, Shilna Muttickal, primary, Rao, Indu Ramachandra, additional, Shenoy, Srinivas Vinayak, additional, Prabhu, Attur Ravindra, additional, Mohan, Pooja Basthi, additional, Rangaswamy, Dharshan, additional, Bhojaraja, Mohan V, additional, Nagri, Shivashankara Kaniyoor, additional, and Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, additional

Published
2022
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30. Serum lipid profile in dengue patients: a simple laboratory tool to predict disease severity

Author

M. Thejaswini, Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagiri, Arpita Chakraborty, Vasudeva Guddattu, and Chandrashekar Udyavara Kudru

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cholesterol, Case-control study, Blood lipids, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Arbovirus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Dengue fever, chemistry.chemical_compound, Disease severity, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Platelet, business, Lipid profile
Abstract

Introduction and Aim: Serum lipids play a pivotal role in the immune response of the host during dengue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum lipid abnormalities in dengue patients and to study the relationship between serum lipids with disease severity and platelet count. Materials and Methods: This case control study was carried out in 75 cases of dengue of age group > 18 years divided into three groups namely dengue without warning symptoms (DNWS), dengue with warning symptoms (DWWS) and severe dengue (SD) and 75 age and gender matched healthy controls. Lipid parameters such as total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were thereafter measured in all the subjects. Results: Among 75 patients with dengue fever, 52 (69.4%) were classified as DNWS, 15 (20%) as DWWS and the remaining 8 (10.6%) as SD. Lower levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) levels (118.8 + 30.71) (p

Published
2021

31. A Meta-Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon Nanotube Materials

Author

Bulmer, John S, Kaniyoor, Adarsh, Elliott, James A, Bulmer, John S [0000-0002-8275-9904], Kaniyoor, Adarsh [0000-0001-5851-1362], Elliott, James A [0000-0002-4887-6250], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
meta-analysis, graphitic intercalation compounds, carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers
Abstract

A study of 1304 data points collated over 266 papers statistically evaluates the relationships between carbon nanotube (CNT) material characteristics, including: electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties; ampacity; density; purity; microstructure alignment; molecular dimensions and graphitic perfection; and doping. Compared to conductive polymers and graphitic intercalation compounds, which have exceeded the electrical conductivity of copper, CNT materials are currently one-sixth of copper's conductivity, mechanically on-par with synthetic or carbon fibers, and exceed all the other materials in terms of a multifunctional metric. Doped, aligned few-wall CNTs (FWCNTs) are the most superior CNT category; from this, the acid-spun fiber subset are the most conductive, and the subset of fibers directly spun from floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition are strongest on a weight basis. The thermal conductivity of multiwall CNT material rivals that of FWCNT materials. Ampacity follows a diameter-dependent power-law from nanometer to millimeter scales. Undoped, aligned FWCNT material reaches the intrinsic conductivity of CNT bundles and single-crystal graphite, illustrating an intrinsic limit requiring doping for copper-level conductivities. Comparing an assembly of CNTs (forming mesoscopic bundles, then macroscopic material) to an assembly of graphene (forming single-crystal graphite crystallites, then carbon fiber), the ≈1 µm room-temperature, phonon-limited mean-free-path shared between graphene, metallic CNTs, and activated semiconducting CNTs is highlighted, deemphasizing all metallic helicities for CNT power transmission applications.

Published
2021
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32. Quantifying alignment in carbon nanotube yarns and similar two-dimensional anisotropic systems

Author

Kaniyoor, A, Gspann, TS, Mizen, JE, Elliott, JA, Kaniyoor, A [0000-0001-5851-1362], Gspann, TS [0000-0002-5750-5275], Elliott, JA [0000-0002-4887-6250], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
structure‐, graphene and fullerenes, property relationships, structure&#8208, films, fibers, nanotubes
Abstract

The uniaxial orientational order in a macromolecular system is usually specified using the Hermans factor which is equivalent to the second moment of the system's orientation distribution function (ODF) expanded in terms of Legendre polynomials. In this work, we show that for aligned materials that are two‐dimensional (2D) or have a measurable 2D intensity distribution, such as carbon nanotube (CNT) textiles, the Hermans factor is not appropriate. The ODF must be expanded in terms of Chebyshev polynomials and therefore, its second moment is a better measure of orientation in 2D. We also demonstrate that both orientation parameters (Hermans in three dimensional (3D) and Chebyshev in 2D) depend not only on the respective full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of the peaks in the ODF but also on the shape of the fitted functions. Most importantly, we demonstrate a method to rapidly estimate the Chebyshev orientation parameter from a sample's 2D Fourier power spectrum, using an analysis program written in Python which is available for open access. As validation examples, we use digital photographs of dry spaghetti as well as scanning electron microscopy images of direct‐spun carbon nanotube fibers, proving the technique's applicability to a wide variety of fibers and images.

Published
2021
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34. Pharmacokinetic Potentiation of Mixed Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Poison Leading to Prolonged Delayed Neuropathy

Author

Meenakshi Srinivasan, Ruhul Amin, Girish Thunga, Shivashankar Kaniyoor Nagiri, and Chandrashekar Udyavara Kudru

Subjects
chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, mixed poisoning, Medicine
Abstract

Organophosphate (OP) and mixed pesticide poisoning remains an important cause of hospital admission. Therefore, physician must be aware of atypical presentations of delayed neurological complications of poisoning by taking proper patient history. We report a case of a 23-year-old female who presented with high stepping gait and muscle wasting in hands. Patient history revealed consumption of approximately 4ml of mixed pesticide, consisting of 50% chlorpyrifos with synthetic pyrethroid, 5% cypermethrin. The prolonged and severe nature of delayed peripheral neuropathy, persisting at two years of follow-up, suggests that even small quantities of OP taken in combination with a pyrethroid can result in significant morbidity and is irreversible.

Published
2016
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35. Novel biomarkers for prognosticating diabetic kidney disease progression

Author

Shilna Muttickal Swaminathan, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Srinivas Vinayak Shenoy, Attur Ravindra Prabhu, Pooja Basthi Mohan, Dharshan Rangaswamy, Mohan V Bhojaraja, Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri, and Shankar Prasad Nagaraju

Subjects
Nephrology, Urology
Abstract

The global burden of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is escalating, and it remains as a predominant cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is associated with increased cardiovascular disease and morbidity in all types of diabetes. Prediction of progression with albuminuria and eGFR is challenging in DKD, especially in non-proteinuric DKD patients. The pathogenesis of DKD is multifactorial characterized by injury to all components of the nephron, whereas albuminuria is an indicator of only glomerular injury. The limits in the diagnostic and prognostic value of urine albumin demonstrate the need for alternative and clinically significant early biomarkers, allowing more targeted and effective diabetic treatment, to reduce the burden of DKD and ESRD. Identification of biomarkers, based on multifactorial pathogenesis of DKD can be the crucial paradigm in the treatment algorithm of DKD patients. This review focuses on the potential biomarkers linked to DKD pathogenesis, particularly with the hope of broadening the diagnostic window to identify patients with different stages of DKD progression.

Published
2022

36. Inferior vena cava and renal vein thrombosis: a rare cause of acute kidney injury in tuberculosis

Author

Aishwarya Veeresh Anweri, Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri, and Shubhada Karanth

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Recent studies show active tuberculosis induces a prothrombotic state and increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. We report a recently diagnosed case of tuberculosis who presented to our hospital with painful bilateral lower limb swelling and several episodes of vomiting with abdominal pain for 2 weeks. Investigations by a hospital elsewhere 2 weeks ago showed abnormal renal function, misdiagnosed as antitubercular therapy-induced acute kidney injury. D-dimer levels were increased on admission with us, with still deranged renal function. Imaging revealed thrombus at the origin of left renal vein, inferior vena cava and bilateral lower limbs. We started treatment with anticoagulants, which gradually improved kidney function. This case highlights that early diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis and prompt treatment are associated with good clinical outcomes. It also highlights the importance of further studies for risk assessment, prevention strategies and reduction of the burden of venous thromboembolism in patients with tuberculosis.

Published
2023

37. Catalyst-Mediated Enhancement of Carbon Nanotube Textiles by Laser Irradiation: Nanoparticle Sweating and Bundle Alignment

Author

Fiona Smail, Jeronimo Terrones, Daniel D. Tune, Giorgio Divitini, John S. Bulmer, Jennifer Mizen, John D. Cook, Adarsh Kaniyoor, James A. Elliott, Wei Tan, Thurid Gspann, Philipp A. Kloza, Kaniyoor, Adarsh [0000-0001-5851-1362], Divitini, Giorgio [0000-0003-2775-610X], Smail, Fiona [0000-0002-1725-3683], Elliott, James [0000-0002-4887-6250], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Kloza, Philipp A. [0000-0002-6552-6826], and Elliott, James A. [0000-0002-4887-6250]

Subjects
Technology, Materials science, CNT, microstructure, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, Chemical vapor deposition, 010402 general chemistry, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, Crystallinity, symbols.namesake, law, lcsh:TP1-1185, thermal processing, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, carbon nanotube, General Environmental Science, carbon nanotube/CNT, catalyst, network, textiles, photonic processing, alignment, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, lcsh:QD1-999, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Joule heating, Raman spectroscopy, ddc:600
Abstract

The photonic post-processing of suspended carbon nanotube (CNT) ribbons made by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) results in selective sorting of the carbon nanotubes present. Defective, thermally non-conductive or unconnected CNTs are burned away, in some cases leaving behind a highly crystalline (as indicated by the Raman G:D ratio), highly conductive network. However, the improvement in crystallinity does not always occur but is dependent on sample composition. Here, we report on fundamental features, which are observed for all samples. Pulse irradiation (not only by laser but also white light camera flashes, as well as thermal processes such as Joule heating) lead to (1) the sweating-out of catalyst nanoparticles resulting in molten catalyst beads of up to several hundreds of nanometres in diameter on the textile surface and (2) a significant improvement in CNT bundle alignment. The behavior of the catalyst beads is material dependent. Here, we show the underlying mechanisms of the photonic post-treatment by modelling the macro- and microstructural changes of the CNT network and show that it is mainly the amount of residual catalyst which determines how much energy these materials can withstand before their complete decomposition.

Published
2021
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38. Quantifying alignment in carbon nanotube yarns and similar two‐dimensional anisotropic systems

Author

Jenifer Mizen, Thurid Gspann, James A. Elliott, Adarsh Kaniyoor, Kaniyoor, Adarsh [0000-0001-5851-1362], Gspann, Thurid S. [0000-0002-5750-5275], Elliott, James A. [0000-0002-4887-6250], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Chebyshev polynomials, Technology, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Second moment of area, 02 engineering and technology, fibers, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Chebyshev filter, Measure (mathematics), nanotubes, ARTICLES, structure-property relationships, graphene and fullerenes, Materials Chemistry, ARTICLE, Anisotropy, Legendre polynomials, Orientation (computer vision), Mathematical analysis, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Distribution function, films, 0210 nano-technology, structure‐property relationships, ddc:600
Abstract

The uniaxial orientational order in a macromolecular system is usually specified using the Hermans factor which is equivalent to the second moment of the system's orientation distribution function (ODF) expanded in terms of Legendre polynomials. In this work, we show that for aligned materials that are two‐dimensional (2D) or have a measurable 2D intensity distribution, such as carbon nanotube (CNT) textiles, the Hermans factor is not appropriate. The ODF must be expanded in terms of Chebyshev polynomials and therefore, its second moment is a better measure of orientation in 2D. We also demonstrate that both orientation parameters (Hermans in three dimensional (3D) and Chebyshev in 2D) depend not only on the respective full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of the peaks in the ODF but also on the shape of the fitted functions. Most importantly, we demonstrate a method to rapidly estimate the Chebyshev orientation parameter from a sample's 2D Fourier power spectrum, using an analysis program written in Python which is available for open access. As validation examples, we use digital photographs of dry spaghetti as well as scanning electron microscopy images of direct‐spun carbon nanotube fibers, proving the technique's applicability to a wide variety of fibers and images.

Published
2021
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40. Ethionamide: Unusual Cause of Hypothyroidism

Author

Ajay Raj Mallela, Rohini Koya, Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagari, and Aswini Kumar Mohapatra

Subjects
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, thyroid stimulating hormone, Medicine
Abstract

Multidrug-Resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is major health hazard to the people living in developing countries. As incidence rate of MDR TB has gone up, its therapy has become crucial. MDR TB therapy is known to cause multiple adverse effects however the data related to them is minimal. Hypothyroidism is one of the important adverse effects which usually manifests with vague symptoms and is frequently missed. We present a case of 24-year-old woman who was diagnosed to have MDR TB and started on ethionamide based regimen for same. After 6 months of therapy the patient had clinical symptoms suggestive of hypothyroidism, laboratory investigations confirmed it. As ethionamide is an integral component of MDR TB therapy it was continued and thyroxine replacement therapy was given with which she improved. Hypothyroidism completely resolved after 2 months of stoppage of MDR TB therapy suggesting the reversible aetiology of ethionamide.

Published
2015
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41. Forecasting continuous carbon nanotube production in the floating catalyst environment

Author

Thurid Gspann, James Ryley, Wouter Sparreboom, Martin Sparkes, Adarsh Kaniyoor, Dion Oudejans, Troy Stehr, Gijs Ratering, Patrick J. Kiley, Gerhard Bauhuis, James A. Elliott, John S. Bulmer, Jenifer Mizen, Bill O’Neill, Kaniyoor, Adarsh [0000-0001-5851-1362], O'Neill, William [0000-0002-7910-0455], Elliott, James [0000-0002-4887-6250], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Materials science, Hydrogen, General Chemical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, law, Thiophene, Environmental Chemistry, Carbon nanotube fibers, Argon, Mass flow controller, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Volumetric flow rate, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Floating catalyst, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Design of experiments
Abstract

We pre­sent val­i­dated sta­tis­ti­cal mod­els and uni­vari­ate cor­re­la­tions of car­bon nan­otube (CNT) tex­tile prop­er­ties (spe­cific elec­tri­cal con­duc­tiv­ity, Ra­man G:D ra­tio and mass yield rate) ex­tracted con­tin­u­ously from float­ing cat­a­lyst chem­i­cal vapour de­po­si­tion (FC-CVD) re­ac­tors over a uniquely wide mul­ti­vari­ate ex­per­i­men­tal space. This in­cludes di­rectly con­trolled re­ac­tor set­tings (e.g. pre­cur­sor con­cen­tra­tions, gas flow rates, fur­nace tem­per­a­tures and wind­ing speeds), in­di­rect pa­ra­me­ters (e.g. am­bi­ent tem­per­a­ture and pres­sure), and time-de­pen­dent re­ac­tor in­flu­ences such as re­ac­tor tube age. Two ver­ti­cal FC-CVD re­ac­tors, with dif­fer­ent pre­cur­sor de­liv­ery ar­chi­tec­tures, were con­sid­ered: 1) in which pre­cur­sors were pre-mixed to­gether as a liq­uid so­lu­tion that was di­rectly in­jected into re­ac­tor; 2) in which va­por­ised pre­cur­sors were in­de­pen­dently in­jected in the gas phase us­ing Cori­o­lis-based mi­croflu­idic mass flow con­trollers with con­cen­tra­tions mon­i­tored in-line us­ing FTIR spec­troscopy. Fac­tors favour­ing high­est elec­tri­cal con­duc­tiv­ity fi­bres in­clude: lower hy­dro­gen flows, lean fuel-to-gas mix­tures, higher wind­ing rates, higher ar­gon flows, with many thio­phene con­cen­tra­tion in­ter­ac­tions with other pa­ra­me­ters; for high­est Ra­man G:D ra­tios: leaner fuel-to-gas mix­tures, lower thio­phene con­cen­tra­tions, higher hy­dro­gen flows, and greater ex­ter­nal lab­o­ra­tory pres­sure; but for yield rate, sys­tem­atic trends were harder to dis­cern. This study demon­strates the de­gree of pre­dictabil­ity in FC-CVD re­ac­tors, quan­ti­ta­tively ranks im­pact of FC-CVD pa­ra­me­ters, and iden­ti­fies re­gions of fi­bre “spinnabil­ity” which cor­re­spond well with a re­cent meta-analy­sis of ex­per­i­men­tal re­sults in the lit­er­a­ture.

Published
2020

44. Extreme stretching of high G:D ratio carbon nanotube fibers using super-acid

Author

Jenifer Mizen, James Ryley, Bill O’Neill, Martin Sparkes, Patrick J. Kiley, Thurid Gspann, John S. Bulmer, Adarsh Kaniyoor, and James A. Elliott

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Intercalation (chemistry), 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Carbon nanotube, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, symbols.namesake, law, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, symbols, General Materials Science, Fiber, Graphite, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

Few-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) textiles with unparalleled graphitic perfection and a solitary, prominent radial breathing mode (RBM) associated with metallic chirality have been mechanically stretched in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) to a degree so far unseen in CNT textiles (150–250% of original length) with notably little tension required. This dramatically enhanced their microstructural alignment and density and, after most of the residual CSA was removed by a vacuum bake, the de-doped fiber's electrical conductivity was found to be 45% greater than single-crystal graphite – a significant milestone for CNT conductor development towards graphitic intercalation compounds (GICs) and traditional metals. Correlation tables and validated, multivariate statistical models show that conductivity is overwhelmingly linked to stretching degree, although eventually saturates near single-crystal graphite levels, implying the existence of a maximum undoped conductivity. The degree of stretching within CSA is correlated with the original mechanical properties (tenacity, elongation-to-break, and linear density); the Raman G’:G ratio and the upper-end oxidation temperature in thermogravimetric analysis also predict the best results. Less graphenically pristine CNT materials stretch to a lower degree in CSA, similar to previous reports. This study highlights the importance of post-synthesis processing to achieve superior performance in carbon nanotube textile materials.

Published
2019

45. Structured exercise program on Foot Biomechanics & Insulin Resistance among people living with type 2 diabetes with and without peripheral neuropathy

Author

Arun G. Maiya, K. Vaishali, Animesh Hazari, Amaravadi Sampath Kumar, BA Shastry, and Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagiri

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, homa-ir, RC620-627, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot, business.industry, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, medicine.disease, Diabetic foot, Peripheral neuropathy, plantar pressure, Physical therapy, business, exercise training, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Foot (unit)
Abstract

Background: The biomechanical changes in foot among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus often leads to various foot complications which could further add to diabetes related morbidity & mortality. These changes could be seen due to musculoskeletal factor like reduction in intrinsic foot muscle strength, tightness of lower limb muscles, postural changes, etc. Aim: To design and determine the efficacy of a structured exercise program on foot kinetics and kinematics among type 2 participants Materials and methods: A total of 35 participants with type 2 diabetes (n=15, type 2 diabetes mellitus without neuropathy and n=20, type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy) were recruited. All participants were screened clinically & biochemically and given a set of structured exercise program, three times a week for 12weeks along with standard medical care. Results: The mean age of the participants was 56±10.5 (Non neuropathy) 62.3±7.35 (Neuropathy) years, mean duration of diabetes was 8.7±8.95 (Non neuropathy), 10.97±8 (Neuropathy) years, mean Body mass index was 26.54± 4.83(Non neuropathy), 24.39±3.58 (Neuropathy), Significant differences have been observed in kinetic and kinematic variables. Conclusion: The present study shows that the structured exercise protocol is very effective in improving the biomechanics of foot in people with type 2 diabetes with and without neuropathy. It could help to correct the structure and function of the foot and eventually could reduce the risk of foot complications like diabetic foot ulcers.

Published
2019

46. The emerging trends of falciparum malaria: a study from a tertiary centre in an endemic area of India

Author

Mary Anne Poovathingal, Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagiri, and Nagaraja

Subjects
Falciparum malaria, Severe malaria, Parasitic index, Complications of malaria, ESR and cerebral malaria, Renal failure in malaria, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Objective: To document the various clinical manifestations, lab parameters, complications and outcomes of Falciparum Malaria. The above data would be correlated with the parasitic index to deduce whether it would be an effective measure of the same. Methods: This was a prospective study among 183 inpatients aged above 18 from Kasturba Hospital, Manipal from May 2009 to January 2011. Ethical clearance was taken. Statistical analysis was done with the independent paired t test, linear correlation and Chi square test using SPSS 16. Results: In this study 78% cases were males. Most cases occurred during the monsoons. Fever was the major presentation with others being jaundice, vomiting and head ache. 50.8 % had complications, including hepatic dysfunction (40.9%), renal failure (19.13%), shock (7%), altered sensorium (9%), ARDS (3.27%) and severe anemia (1.63%). Hypoglycemia and gram negative sepsis were rare. Parasitic index, renal parameters and death were correlating positively. ESR was significantly related (P

Published
2014
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49. High throughput production of single-wall carbon nanotube fibres independent of sulfur-source

Author

Adarsh Kaniyoor, James A. Elliott, Alan H. Windle, Jenifer Mizen, Bill O’Neill, Giorgio Divitini, Jeronimo Terrones, John S. Bulmer, Thurid Gspann, Cesar Miranda-Reyes, James Ryley, Martin Sparkes, Patrick J. Kiley, Kaniyoor, Adarsh [0000-0001-5851-1362], Divitini, Giorgio [0000-0003-2775-610X], O'Neill, William [0000-0002-7910-0455], Elliott, James [0000-0002-4887-6250], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Nanotube, Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Population, 4001 Aerospace Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, Chemical vapor deposition, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, symbols.namesake, law, Genetics, Nanotechnology, General Materials Science, 4018 Nanotechnology, education, 40 Engineering, education.field_of_study, FOS: Nanotechnology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Volumetric flow rate, Chemical engineering, FOS: Biological sciences, symbols, Particle, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

Floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) methods offer a highly scalable strategy for single-step synthesis and assembly of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into macroscopic textiles. However, the non-uniform axial temperature profile of a typical reactor, and differing precursor breakdown temperatures, result in a broad distribution of catalyst particle sizes. Spun CNT fibres therefore contain nanotubes with varying diameters and wall numbers. Herein, we describe a general FC-CVD approach to obtain relatively large yields of predominantly single-wall CNT fibres, irrespective of the growth promoter (usually a sulfur compound). By increasing carrier gas (hydrogen) flow rate beyond a threshold whilst maintaining a constant C : H2 mole ratio, CNTs with narrower diameters, a high degree of graphitization (G : D ratio ∼100) and a large throughput are produced, provided S : Fe ratio is sufficiently low. Analysis of the intense Raman radial breathing modes and asymmetric G bands, and a shift in the main nanotube population from thermogravimetric data, show that with increasing flow rate, the fibres are enriched with small diameter, metallic CNTs. Transmission electron microscopy corraborates our primary observation from Raman spectroscopy that with high total flow rates, the fibres produced consist of predominantly small diameter SWCNTs.

Published
2019

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