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22. Characteristics of Cannabis and Opioid Users Among Older U.S. Veterans and Their Health Outcomes: A Longitudinal Perspective.

Author

Kang, Hyojung, Clary, Kelly, Zhao, Ziang, Quintero Silva, Laura, and Bobitt, Julie

Subjects
*VETERANS' health, *MEDICAL marijuana, *OPIOIDS, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *CHRONIC diseases
Abstract

Medical cannabis use among U.S. Veterans has continued to rise. However, data on cannabis use by older Veterans is generally less available. This study aims to understand the characteristics of older Veterans who enrolled in the Medical Cannabis Patient Program in Illinois and analyze their health outcomes and co-use of cannabis and opioids using longitudinal survey data. Overall, participants reported positive outcomes for pain, sleep, and emotional problems because of cannabis use in two survey periods. Approximately, 62% and 85% respondents reported no change in memory and falls, respectively, with only 3% and 1% reporting a negative outcome for the conditions in both surveys. About 20.4% of those who indicated cannabis use only in the initial survey started to co-use opioids in the follow-up survey, while 44.1% of those who indicated the use of both substances in the initial survey reported no longer using opioids in the follow-up survey. However, these changes were not statistically significant ($$\alpha = 0.05).$$ α = 0.05). The logistic regression showed that both clinical and contextual factors affected co-use. In conclusion, older U.S. Veterans may be using cannabis to alleviate their pain and other chronic conditions. More research is needed to understand the effect of cannabis use on reducing or substituting opioids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. Weeding Out the Stigma: Older Veterans in Illinois Share Their Experiences Using Medical Cannabis.

Author

Clary, Kelly Lynn, Kang, Hyojung, Quintero Silva, Laura, and Bobitt, Julie

Subjects
*MEDICAL marijuana, *SOCIAL stigma, *VETERANS, *PHYSICIAN services utilization, *TELEPHONE interviewing, *SEMI-structured interviews
Abstract

Many U.S. Veterans are using cannabis for medical purposes. Modern research findings continue to point to medical cannabis as a potentially effective alternative to prescription medications for treating a range of medical conditions. While research exists on the use levels of cannabis, limited research can be found on the perceived stigma of using cannabis, especially among older Veterans. We surveyed 121 older U.S. Veterans who were enrolled in the Illinois Medical Cannabis Patient Program during Fall 2020. We then used maximum variation sampling to select a subset of 32 Veterans to partake in a phone interview. Two researchers conducted and qualitatively coded 30-minute audiotaped semi-structured interviews. Interview topics included (1) the use of cannabis, opioids, and benzodiazepines; (2) interactions with medical providers; (3) stigma regarding cannabis use; and (4) educational materials. We share findings from stigma. We identified three themes: (1) stereotypes regarding people who use cannabis, (2) media portrayal of cannabis users, and (3) hesitation in disclosing cannabis use. Stigma creates situations in which older Veterans may be hesitant to disclose their use of cannabis with physicians and friends/family, which can be dangerous and socially isolating. Additional research is needed to expand upon our findings with more generalizable methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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43. Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Inclusive Growth and Employment

Author

Kang, Hyojung

Abstract

This dissertation studies the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on inclusive growth and employment. The first chapter examines the conditions under which FDI can effectively lead to inclusive growth. By using a fixed effects regression with annual data for 67 countries from 1990 to 2015, we find that FDI has a positive effect on inclusive growth when there is a sufficiently large manufacturing sector and infrastructure base in the host country. We also indirectly find that FDI has a positive effect on inclusive growth when the host country has a large service sector. These not very optimistic results emphasize the critical importance of the host countrys absorptive capacity. A smaller technological or knowledge gap with the foreign firms is required for FDI to lead to more linkages and spillovers, and ultimately job creation for the poor. The second chapter looks at the effect of manufacturing FDI on manufacturing employment in Sub-Saharan African countries, by using annual data for 16 manufacturing industry sectors in 15 SSA countries from 2003 to 2018. In the first analysis, we find that manufacturing FDI has a positive effect on manufacturing employment at the industry sector level. In the second analysis, we look at how the effect of manufacturing FDI on manufacturing employment differs by groups of industry sectors. The results show that the effect of manufacturing FDI on employment creation varies by industry sector groups; automotive related industries create the most, followed by business machines/electronics related industries, and lastly metals/minerals related industries. The result reflects both direct and indirect employment effects via spillovers and forward and backward linkages.

Published
2022
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44. Healthcare Systems Engineering

Author

Griffin, Paul M., primary, Nembhard, Harriet Black, additional, DeFlitch, Christopher J., additional, Bastian, Nathaniel D., additional, Kang, Hyojung, additional, and Muñoz, David A., additional

Published
2015
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