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Objectives: This study aimed to assess the intricate relationship between salivary IgA antibody levels to PAc (361–386) (PPA), mutans streptococci colonization, and root caries development in older adults. Materials and Methods: This study included 307 participants aged 76 years residing in Niigata city, Japan. Clinical oral examinations were performed at baseline in 2004 and 1 year later, during which the total number of untreated and treated root caries was assessed using the root decayed, filled tooth (DFT) index. The stimulated saliva samples were collected using the spitting method during the baseline survey. Salivary IgA antibody levels to amino acid residues 361–386 of Streptococcus mutans PAc were quantified using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses, including the χ2 test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regressions, were performed to examine the association of increased root DFT with the independent variables. Results: Among the 307 participants (53.1% men), the mean root DFT at baseline was 3.77 ± 3.66, and 36.5% of the study sample exhibited increased root DFT after 1 year with a mean increment of 0.36 ± 0.48. Participants with increase in root DFT after 1 year had significantly higher rates of low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) than those without increased root DFT (p = 0.020). Low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) were significantly more likely to have an increased risk of root caries development compared with PPA levels > 25th percentile (adjusted OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.09–3.25). Conclusion: Low PPA levels and root caries incidence correlated significantly, suggesting that low levels of salivary IgA antibody to PAc (361–386) may serve as a risk factor for increased root caries in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of dental caries on primary teeth and to evaluate the cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque and saliva among Myanmar schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 264 schoolchildren from three primary schools in the urban area of Yangon city in 2019. Clinical oral examinations, caries risk tests, and questionnaire surveys were conducted. Overall caries prevalence was 84.1% with a mean decayed, missing, filled primary teeth (dmft) count of 5.84 ± 4.57. Children's caries experience and debris scores were significantly associated with their bacteria score level. Father's occupation was significantly associated with caries prevalence (P =.024) and dmft (P =.021). Father's occupation, snack types, habit of eating sweet food combinations, drink types, and debris score were five significant predictors of dental caries in our study. Dental caries is currently a public health problem among Myanmar children. Caries experience and oral hygiene status were strongly influenced by cariogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Few studies have assessed the possible interaction between and impact of IL‐6 variants and serum α‐tocopherol levels on periodontal condition in older individuals. Here, we assessed the relationship between IL‐6 variants and serum α‐tocopherol levels on periodontal condition by considering effect modification. Material and Methods: Among the study participants, 359 who were 71 years of age underwent a dental examination, biochemical analysis, and interview. After dividing the participants into tertiles based on serum α‐tocopherol levels, we conducted Poisson regression analysis to compare the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for periodontal disease markers with the IL‐6 genotype (rs1800796) based on each tertile adjusted by the number of teeth present (offset). Results: The PRRs of the IL‐6 genotype for periodontal condition (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) which were adjusted by the number of teeth present (offset) were 1.17 (P <.001), 1.37 (P <.001), and 1.08 (P =.048), respectively. In addition, a significant association was found between the reciprocal number of PRRs of the IL‐6 genotype and three serum α‐tocopherol levels. The adjusted PRRs (± standard error) of the IL‐6 genotypes for PPD were 0.48 (0.12) for the first group (P <.001), 1.54 (0.04) for the second group (P <.001), and 2.11 (0.03) for the third group (P <.001); similar tendencies were seen for CAL and BOP. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest a potential association between the IL‐6 genotype and periodontal condition in relation to serum antioxidant concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine whether variation in glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans isolates is associated with caries development in children receiving a fluoride mouth rinse (FMR).Materials and Methods: Of 122 children (aged 9 to 10 years), 64 had received FMR (FMR(+) group) and the remaining 58 children had not (FMR(-) group). The number of decayed and filled teeth (DFT) and increases in the number of DFT in 1 year (dDFT) were recorded. Saliva samples were collected to isolate the clinical S. mutans strains. The isolates were incubated in heart infusion broth supplemented with 1% sucrose, then the amount of water-insoluble glucan (WIG) formed on a glass tube surface was evaluated.Results: In the FMR(-) group, children carrying S. mutans had a higher DFT (P = 0.039) and tended to have a higher dDFT (P = 0.080) than the others. In the FMR(+) group, although the differences between children with and without S. mutans were not significant, children carrying S. mutans that produced a high amount of WIG had higher dDFT than the other S. mutans-positive children (P = 0.034).Conclusions: This study revealed that the variation in glucan synthesis by S. mutans is associated with caries development in children receiving a FMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]