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2. Rising inequality and neighbourhood mixing in US metro areas

Author

Kane, K and Hipp, JR

Subjects
inequality, neighbourhoods, income, creative class, mixing, Urban & Regional Planning, Urban and Regional Planning, Applied Economics, Human Geography
Abstract

Superstar cities with high-paying creative-class jobs, venture capital, and innovation are thought to be more unequal. We analyze mixing in neighbourhoods by income, education and occupation, relating this intra-urban measure with regional productivity indicators. Using non-overlapping census units and a machine-learning estimation technique that iterates over all combinations of economic, business, housing and cultural indicators, we identify ‘ingredients’ associated with economically and socially diverse neighbourhoods. Broad support is not found that neighbourhoods in superstar regions are less mixed; however, overrepresentation in creative occupations stymies mixing as does a combination of weak economic fundamentals with high shares of new housing.

Published
2019

6. The Effect of the Physical Environment on Crime Rates: Capturing Housing Age and Housing Type at Varying Spatial Scales

Author

Hipp, JR, Kim, YA, and Kane, K

Subjects
neighborhoods, crime, housing characteristics, housing age, Criminology, Law
Abstract

This study introduces filtering theory from housing economics to criminology and measures the age of housing as a proxy for deterioration and physical disorder. Using data for Los Angeles County in 2009 to 2011, negative binomial regression models are estimated and find that street segments with older housing have higher levels of all six crime types tested. Street segments with more housing age diversity have higher levels of all crime types, whereas housing age diversity in the surrounding ½-mile area is associated with lower levels of crime. Street segments with detached single-family units generally had less crime compared with other types of housing. Street segments with large apartment complexes (five or more units) generally have more crime than those with small apartment complexes and duplexes.

Published
2019

7. Los Angeles employment concentration in the 21st century

Author

Kane, K, Hipp, JR, and Kim, JH

Subjects
Los Angeles, industrial structure, agglomeration economies, employment centres, land-use change, 产业结构, 集聚经济, 就业中心, 土地利用变化, Urban & Regional Planning, Urban and Regional Planning, Applied Economics, Human Geography
Abstract

This paper is an empirical analysis of employment centres in the Los Angeles region from 1997 to 2014. Most extant work on employment centres focuses on identification methodology or their dynamics during a period of industrial restructuring from 1980 to 2000. We analyse employment centres using point-based, rather than census tract-based employment data and a non-parametric identification method with a single concept of proximity. We focus on changes across five key industries: knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), retail, creative, industrial and high-tech, emphasising changes in centre composition as well as their boundaries. Results show far greater change across centres than previous longitudinal studies. Only 43% of the land area that is in an employment centre is part of one in both 1997 and 2014. Using a persistence score, centres range from stable to highly fluctuating, but emerging, persisting and dying centres are found in core and fringe areas alike. KIBS are most associated with stable centres, while high tech employment is attracted toward emerging areas and retail exists throughout. Emerging centres are more likely to have greater accessibility, while industrial employment becomes far more concentrated in centres by 2014.

Published
2018

10. Recipes for neighborhood development: A machine learning approach toward understanding the impact of mixing in neighborhoods

Author

Hipp, JR, Kane, K, and Kim, JH

Subjects
Neighborhoods, Household incomes, Machine learning, Social mix, Behavioral and Social Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Urban & Regional Planning, Environmental Sciences, Engineering, Built Environment and Design
Abstract

Scholars of New Urbanism have suggested that mixing along various dimensions in neighborhoods (e.g., income, race/ethnicity, land use) may have positive consequences for neighborhoods, particularly for economic dynamism. A challenge for empirically assessing this hypothesis is that the impact of mixing may depend on various socio-demographic characteristics of the neighborhood and takes place in a complex fashion that cannot be appropriately handled by traditional statistical analytical approaches. We utilize a rarely used, innovative estimation technique—kernel regularized least squares—that allows for nonparametric estimation of the relationship between various neighborhood characteristics in 2000 and the change in average household income in the neighborhood from 2000 to 2010. The results demonstrate that the relationships between average income growth and both income mixing and racial/ethnic mixing are contingent upon several neighborhood socio-demographic “ingredients”. For example, racial mixing is positively associated with average income over time when it occurs in neighborhoods with a high percentage of Latinos or immigrants, high population density, or high housing age mixing. Income mixing is associated with worsening average household income in neighborhoods with more poverty, unemployment, immigrants, or population density. It appears that considering the broader characteristics of the neighborhood is important for understanding economic dynamism.

Published
2017

11. Analyzing Accessibility Using Parcel Data: Is There Still an Access–Space Trade-Off in Long Beach, California?

Author

Kane, K, Hipp, JR, and Kim, JH

Subjects
accessibility, housing, Long Beach, parcel-level analysis, urban morphology, Geography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Human Geography
Abstract

This article analyzes the impact of changing housing and neighborhood characteristics on the accessibility of neighborhood businesses using Long Beach, California, as a case study. Although advocates of smart growth and New Urbanism encourage land use mixing, aggregate-level analysis can be too coarse to pick up on fine-grained aspects of urban streetscapes. This study uses assessor parcel records and a point-based business establishment data set to analyze city-wide patterns of accessibility from individual dwelling units to thirty-one types of neighborhood businesses, including grocery stores, service shops, drug stores, doctor's offices, and banks. Regression results compare parcel-level and neighborhood-level drivers of accessibility between 2006 and 2015 to gauge the aggregated effect of recent economic, demographic, and built environment changes on this aspect of urban spatial structure. Larger homes in older, multiunit buildings and higher income neighborhoods show substantial increases in accessibility to most establishment types, suggesting a trend toward both greater accessibility and larger dwelling units—despite the traditional trade-off between access and space. Although gradual increases in home and business density increased overall accessibility over this period, weaker neighborhood-level results indicate that this trend is less pronounced in high-poverty and non-white areas.

Published
2017

12. Cities and the larger context: What explains changing levels of crime?

Author

Hipp, JR and Kane, K

Subjects
Cities, Crime, Longitudinal, Inequality, Racial/ethnic heterogeneity, Criminology
Abstract

This study explores whether the broader context in which a city is located impacts the change in crime levels over the subsequent decade. This study uses a wide range of cities (those with a population of at least 10,000), over a long period of time (from 1970 to 2010). We test and find that although cities with larger population and those surrounded by a county with a larger population typically experience larger increases in crime over the subsequent decade, cities experiencing an increase in population during the current decade experience crime decreases. The study finds that cities with higher average income experience greater subsequent crime decreases, and those surrounded by counties with larger unemployment increases experience crime increases. Higher levels of income inequality and racial/ethnic heterogeneity are associated with increasing crime rates, and increasing inequality and racial/ethnic heterogeneity in the surrounding county are associated with further increases. Furthermore, this relationship has strengthened since 1970, suggesting that both scales of inequality are even more important from a public safety perspective. Finally, we tested the time invariance of these relationships, and showed that the magnitude of the relationship between city-level inequality and increasing crime has increased over the study period.

Published
2017

20. Business Churning and Neighborhood Instability: Is There a Link?

Author

Kim, JH, Kim, JH, Kane, K, Kim, YA, Hipp, JR, Kim, JH, Kim, JH, Kane, K, Kim, YA, and Hipp, JR

Abstract

Much of the work concerning economic dynamism has focused on its aggregate-level implications, while there have been rising concerns about business displacement at the community or neighborhood level. In this article, we analyze this important (restructuring) process using detailed establishment-level business information and explore how it manifests itself across space within the Los Angeles—Long Beach—Santa Ana, CA Urbanized Area. We also investigate the association between business churning and neighborhood-level housing vacancy rates to understand the implications of dramatic changes in the business landscape. We find that housing vacancies are more likely to increase in urban neighborhoods with a higher establishment death rate, while the creation of new businesses can mitigate the association to some extent. We also detect substantial variation across decades not only in the spatial distribution of business churning but also in its association with housing vacancy rates, suggesting the evolving nature of business dynamics and their implications.

Published
2023

36. Quality of life support in advanced cancer – Web and technological interventions: systematic review and narrative synthesis

Author

Kane, K, Kennedy, F, Absolom, KL, Harley, C, and Velikova, G

Abstract

Background As treatments continue to progress, patients with advanced cancer are living longer. However, ongoing physical side-effects and psychosocial concerns can compromise quality of life (QoL). Patients and physicians increasingly look to the internet and other technologies to address diverse supportive needs encountered across this evolving cancer trajectory. Objectives 1. To examine the features and delivery of web and technological interventions supporting patients with advanced cancer. 2. To explore their efficacy relating to QoL and psychosocial well-being. Methods Relevant studies were identified through electronic database searches (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science and ProQuest) and handsearching. Findings were collated and explored through narrative synthesis. Results Of 5274 identified records, 37 articles were included. Interventions were evaluated within studies targeting advanced cancer (13) or encompassing all stages (24). Five subtypes emerged: Interactive Health Communication Applications (n=12), virtual programmes of support (n=11), symptom monitoring tools (n=8), communication conduits (n=3) and information websites (n=3). Modes of delivery ranged from self-management to clinically integrated. Support largely targeted psychosocial well-being, alongside symptom management and healthy living. Most studies (78%) evidenced varying degrees of efficacy through QoL and psychosocial measures. Intervention complexity made it challenging to distinguish the most effective components. Incomplete reporting limited risk of bias assessment. Conclusion While complex and varied in their content, features and delivery, most interventions led to improvements in QoL or psychosocial well-being across the cancer trajectory. Ongoing development and evaluation of such innovations should specifically target patients requiring longer-term support for later-stage cancer.

Published
2021

41. Abcès rompus du foie : aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, thérapeutiques, à propos de 36 cas

Author

Tendeng, J.N., Ndong, A., Ndoye, N.A., Diao, M.L., Diallo, A.C., Dia, D.A., Fall, F., Sagna, S.A., Kane, K., Dieng, M., Diedhiou, M., Manyacka, P.M., and Konaté, I.

Subjects
foie, abcès, rupture, épidémiologie, diagnostic, traitement
Abstract

La rupture est la complication la plus fréquente des abcès du foie. L'imagerie reste incontournable dans la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique. La chirurgie toujours associée au traitement médical, reste l'option la plus utilisée au stade de rupture en péritoine libre. Cependant, un traitement conservateur par le drainage percutané associé à l'antibiothérapie appropriée peut suffire pour les ruptures localisées dans la plèvre, le péricarde ou la paroi abdominale.Notre objectif était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, et thérapeutiques des abcès du foie rompus au Centre Hospitalier Régional de Saint Louis. Nous avons mené une étude observationnelle avec une collecte prospective des données sur une période allant de 1er janvier 2016 au 28 février 2019.Nous avons inclus les dossiers des malades ayant présenté un abcès du foie rompus.Les aspects suivants ont été étudiés : l’âge, le sexe, les délais de consultation, les données cliniques, les données biologiques et cytobactériologiques,les données de l’imagerie des abcès à savoirla localisation, le caractère unique ou multiple, le diamètre, la présence de gaz, le siège de la rupture, et les données thérapeutiques à savoir la durée de l’antibiothérapie, les gestes effectués, la durée de l’hospitalisation, la morbidité et la mortalité. Nous avons colligé dans notre étude 138 patients présentant un abcès du foie sur une période de 38 mois. Parmi ces patients on décomptait 36 cas d’abcès rompus (26 %). L’âge moyen de l’ensemble de nos patients était de 21,2 ans (extrêmes de 3 ans et 63 ans) avec un sex ratio de 3. L’on notait 25 cas d'abcès à pyogènes (69,4%) et 11 cas d'abcès amibiens (30,6%). L'imagerie permettait de préciser la localisation des abcès : lobe droit dans 24 cas (66,7%), lobe gauche dans 8 cas (22,2%) et bilobaire dans 4 cas (11,1%). Concernant la taille des abcès, le diamètre moyen était de 9,1 cm avec un écart type de 1,6 et des extrêmes de 7 et 15 cm.Le diamètre moyen des abcès pyogènes était de 8,6 cm avec des extrêmes de 7 cm et 11 cm ; et celui des abcès amibiens de 10,1cm avec des extrêmes de 8,5 cm et 15 cm. L’on notait 83,3 % (n=30) de rupture dans le péritoine qu’il soit libre ou cloisonné, 5,5 % (n=2) de rupture au niveau de la paroi abdominale antérieure, 5,5 % (n=2) de rupture au niveau broncho-pulmonaire, 2,7% (n=1) de rupture pleurale, (2,7% (n=1) de rupture au niveau de l’arrière cavité des épiploons. Un traitement antalgique et une antibiothérapie étaient instaurés chez tous nos patients et toujours associé à un geste d'évacuation du pus. La mortalité était de 2,7 % (n=1). L'abcès du foie est une pathologie pouvant engager le pronostic vital par la survenue de la rupture. Un diagnostic précoce associé à un traitement conservateur dans la mesure du possible donne de bons résultats.Mots-clés : foie, abcès, rupture, épidémiologie, diagnostic, traitement.Rupture is the most common complication of liver abscess. Imaging remains essential in diagnostic and therapeutic management. Surgery always associated with medical treatment, remains the most used treatment when rupture occurs in the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, conservative treatment with percutaneous drainage with appropriate antibiotherapy can be enough for localized rupture in the pleura, the pericardium or the abdominal wall. Our aim is to determine the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of ruptured liver abscess at the Saint Louis Regional Hospital. This is a prospectivecross-sectional study over a period from January 1, 2016 to February 28, 2019. We have included patients who had ruptured liver abscess. The studied parameters were: age, sex, time to consultation, clinical and biologic aspects, results of imaging of the abscess (localization, number, diameter, gas forming, site of rupture), therapeutics aspects (duration of antibiotherapy, type of gestures, time of hospital stay), morbidity and mortality. We collected in our study 138 cases of liver abscess over a period of 38 months. Among these patients, there were 36 cases of ruptured liver abscess (26%). The mean age of all our patients was 21.2 years with a sex ratio of 3. There were 25 cases of pyogenic abscess (69.4%) and 11 cases of amebic abscess (30.6%). Imaging revealed the location of abscesses in the right lobe in 24 cases (66.7%), left lobe in 8 cases (22.2%) and both in 4 cases (11.1%). Regarding the size of abscesses, the mean diameter was 9.1 cm with extremes of 7 cm and 15 cm. The mean diameter of pyogenic abscess was 8.6 cm with extremes of 7 cm and 11 cm; and was 10.1cm with extremes of 8,5 cm and 15 cm for amoebic abscess. We noticed 83.3 % (n=30) of rupture in the peritoneal cavity, 5.5 % (n=2) in the abdominal wall, 5.5 % (n=2) in the lungs, 2.7% (n=1) in the pleura and 2.7% (n=1) in the lesser omental sac. Antalgic treatment and antibiotherapy were instituted in all our patients and always associated with a drainage or surgery. The mortality was 2.7% (n=1). Liver abcess is a life threathening condition given the risk of rupture. Early diagnosis and adequate nonoperative measures are usually associated with a good outcome.Key words: liver, abscess, rupture, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment.

Published
2020

42. Volvulus du côlon sigmoïde sur grossesse : àpropos d’un cas

Author

Tendeng, J.N., Seye, Y., Ndong, A., Thiam, O., Diedhiou, M., Mansouri, R., Sow, D.B., Sarr, C.T., Kane, K., Dia, C.A., Dieng, M., Diao, M.L., Diallo, A.C., Manyacka, P.M.M., and Konaté, I.

Subjects
volvulus, colon sigmoïde, grossesse
Abstract

La survenue d'une occlusion intestinale au cours de la grossesse est rare. Il s’agit d’une association qui engage le pronostic vital maternel et foetalcar souvent source de retard diagnostique. Nous rapportons un cas de volvulus du colon sigmoïde sur grossesse évolutive. Il s'agit d'une patiente âgée de 32 ans que nous avons reçu aux urgences pour syndrome occlusif depuis deux jours. Cette patiente était par ailleurs suivie pour une grossesse mono- foetale évolutive estimée à 32 semaines et 02 jours confirmée à l'échographie. L'examen abdominal objectivait un météorisme important asymétrique. La radiographie de l'abdomen sans préparation était en faveur d'un volvulus du colon pelvien. Une laparotomie exploratrice a confirmée le diagnostic. Une césarienne associée à une sigmoïdectomie avec anastomose terminoterminale immédiate avaient été réalisées. Les suites opératoires étaient simples chez la patiente et la sortie était faite au 6ème jour post-opératoire. Le nouveau-né était décédé au 5ème jour de vie d'une détresse respiratoire. Le volvulus du colon sigmoïde compliquant la grossesse est une urgence qui doit souffrir d'aucun retard diagnostique ni thérapeutique. La prise en charge doit être pluridisciplinaire entre chirurgiens, obstétriciens, anesthésistes-réanimateurs et néonatologues.L’accès à l’endoscopie en urgence pourrait améliorer le pronostic en permettant la chirurgie à froid après une bonne maturation foetale.Mots-clés : volvulus, colon sigmoïde, grossesse.The occurrence of bowel obstruction during pregnancy is rare. It is an association that has a poor prognosis for the mother and the fetus because it is often diagnosed late. We report a case of sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy. It was a 32-year-old woman who consulted in the emergency department for bowel obstruction for two days. This patient was also followed by obstetrician for an active mono-fetal pregnancy estimatedat 32 weeks and 02 days confirmed by ultrasonography. The abdominal examination showed an asymmetrical meteorism. The plain abdominalradiography radiograph found a coffee bean sign suggestive of sigmoid volvulus. An exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis. Caesarean section associated with a sigmoidectomy and immediate anastomosis were performed. Postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 6th day. The newborn died on the 5th day of respiratory distress. Sigmoid volvulus complicating pregnancy is an emergency. It must not suffer from any diagnostic or therapeutic delays. The management is multidisciplinary between surgeons, obstetricians, anesthetists and neonatologists. Access to emergency endoscopy may improve the prognosis by allowing surgery after good fetal maturation.Key words: volvulus, sigmoid colon, pregnancy.

Published
2020

49. Predictive risk factors for liver abscess rupture: A prospective study of 138 cases

Author

Ndong, A, primary, Tendeng, JN, additional, Ndoye, NA, additional, Diao, ML, additional, Dieye, A, additional, Diallo, AC, additional, Mansouri, MR, additional, Dia, DA, additional, Nibogora, J, additional, Fall, F, additional, Sagna, SA, additional, Konta, B, additional, Kane, K, additional, Dieng, M, additional, Diedhiou, M, additional, Manyacka, PM, additional, and Konaté, I, additional

Published
2020
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