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Nickel ferrite have gathered a lot of research interest nowadays, because of their unique magnetic and structural traits, which makes appealing for a variety of scientific applications. In recent years, considerable attention has been placed towards the impact of rare-earth and transition elements doping on the magnetic as well as the structural traits of nickel spinel ferrite. This study delivers a concise summary of scientific advancements in this area. It discusses the processes used for fabricating doped nickel spinel ferrite, the influence of different dopants on the material's magnetic and structural traits, and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. The review also highlights the potential applications of doped nickel spinel ferrite in fields such as magnetic data storage, biomedical, and photocatalysis.

BACKGROUND: Mucositis is a common and highly impactful side effect of conventional and emerging cancer therapy and thus the subject of intense investigation. Although common practice, mucositis assessment is heterogeneously adopted and poorly guided, impacting evidence synthesis and translation. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Mucositis Study Group (MSG) therefore aimed to establish expert recommendations for how existing mucositis assessment tools should be used, in clinical care and trials contexts, to improve the consistency of mucositis assessment. METHODS: This study was conducted over two stages (January 2022-July 2023). The first phase involved a survey to MASCC-MSG members (January 2022-May 2022), capturing current practices, challenges and preferences. These then informed the second phase, in which a set of initial recommendations were prepared and refined using the Delphi method (February 2023-May 2023). Consensus was defined as agreement on a parameter by >80% of respondents. FINDINGS: Seventy-two MASCC-MSG members completed the first phase of the study (37 females, 34 males, mainly oral care specialists). High variability was noted in the use of mucositis assessment tools, with a high reliance on clinician assessment compared to patient reported outcome measures (PROMs, 47% vs 3%, 37% used a combination). The World Health Organization (WHO) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scales were most commonly used to assess mucositis across multiple settings. Initial recommendations were reviewed by experienced MSG members and following two rounds of Delphi survey consensus was achieved in 91 of 100 recommendations. For example, in patients receiving chemotherapy, the recommended tool for clinician assessment in clinical practice is WHO for oral mucositis (89.5% consensus), and WHO or CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (85.7% consensus). The recommended PROM in clinical trials is OMD/WQ for oral mucositis (93.3% consensus), and PRO-CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (83.3% consensus). INTERPRETATION: These new recommendations provide much needed guidance on mucositis assessment and may be applied in both clinical practice and research to streamline comparison and synthesis of global data sets, thus accelerating translation of new knowledge into clinical practice. FUNDING: No funding was received.

Abstract The degradation of mismanaged plastic waste in the environment results in the formation of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. These particles are pervasive, detected even in remote regions, and can enter the food chain, accumulating in organisms and causing harm depending on factors such as particle load, exposure dose, and the presence of co-contaminants. Detecting and analyzing NMPs present unique challenges, particularly as particle size decreases, making them increasingly difficult to identify. Moreover, the absence of standardized protocols for their detection and analysis further hinders comprehensive assessments of their environmental and biological impacts. This review provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in technologies for sampling, separation, measurement, and quantification of NMPs. It highlights promising approaches, supported by practical examples from recent studies, while critically addressing persistent challenges in sampling, characterization, and analysis. This work examines cutting-edge developments in nanotechnology-based detection, integrated spectro-microscopic techniques, and AI-driven classification algorithms, offering solutions to bridge gaps in NMP research. By exploring state-of-the-art methodologies and presenting future perspectives, this review provides valuable insights for improving detection capabilities at the micro- and nanoscale, enabling more effective analysis across diverse environmental contexts.

Abstract The widespread discharge of organic dyes into the wastewater from various industrial processes has develop a major environmental apprehension in the modern world. To tackle such environmental issues, we are synthesizing a novel catalyst of composition, Ba1 − xCoxDyyFe12−yO19 (x = y = 0.02–0.06) using sol-gel auto-combustion (SGAC) for the photocatalytic eradication of malachite green dye (MGD). The fabricated sample show single-phase hexagonal structure. The hexagonal-shaped grains are seen in the field emission spectroscopy (FESEM) visuals of prepared hexaferrites. The oxidation states of every element present in the developed specimens are investigated using the X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometer scrutinized. The specific surface area (SSA) of the HF1 sample is 3.523 m2/g, whereas the band gap values of co-doped barium hexaferrites are found within the range of 1.61 to 1.75 eV. The magnetic analysis of developed hexaferrites indicates that increasing the concentration of Dy and Co, raised in the saturation magnetization and declines in coercivity. The conducted photocatalytic evaluations reveal that the removal efficiencies of 89.85%, 91.12%, and 94.36% are obtained for the prepared HF1, HF2, and HF3 hexaferrites after 90 min of natural irradiation. Moreover, the capability for the reusability of the synthesized hexaferrites is assessed over a series of five consecutive experimental cycles. As a result, this research delves at potential applications of co-doped BaFe12O19 hexaferrites in the photocatalytic eradication of MGD for environmental applications.

In recent years, increased discharge of toxic effluents into water bodies has severely harmed ecosystems and human well-being. Various techniques are employed to remove contaminants, among which photocatalysis have proven to be the most environment friendly and effective technique. This review focuses on MgFe2O4, an exceptional photocatalyst owing to their small band gap, spherical shape, magnetic responsivity, stability, reusability, cost-effectiveness and small crystallite size. We have covered comprehensive comparison of research studies from the past decade to assess. Magnesium ferrite's photocatalytic potential in pure, doped, and composite forms. Along with synthesis methods, degradation mechanisms, and shortcomings explained in detail. Furthermore, we have highlighted the enhanced photocatalytic capability of doped MgFe2O4 and their nanocomposites towards the various organic contaminants upon visible light irradiation under a comparatively short period of time. Factors like cation distribution, dosage, pH, as well as methods for recovery and reuse are discussed to aid in production of more efficient photocatalysts. There has been a lack of information on the techniques that can be used to overcome the various shortcomings of MgFe2O4 ferrite. Hence, we have accentuated on bringing forth such advanced techniques that would aid in driving the researchers’ attention towards the practical and industrial application of the hybrid MgFe2O4 nanoparticles. Lastly, the research gaps and industrial need of MgFe2O4 ferrite-based materials were addressed to offer a concise view.

Diabetes is currently a major public health concern, partly exacerbated by the recent outbreak of coronavirus. Most of the published EM-wave based glucose sensors of this date allow a glucose concentration to be determined through a resonance frequency shift, inevitably with a questionable accuracy. To overcome the accuracy problem, a dual-band glucose sensor with dimensions 50 mm × 20 mm is proposed in this work to enable a glucose concentration to be measured at one resonance frequency band and cross-checked at another. An array of split-ring resonators (SRRs) was fabricated at a rectangular sensing area on the top surface of a 0.3 mm thick PET substrate, forming a metasurface with dual resonance bands at 4.5 GHz and 9.2 GHz. The backside of the PET substrate was fabricated with a defected ground plane designed to suppress the Q-factor associated with 4.5 GHz while leaving the Q-factor associated with 9.2 GHz unchanged. During a glucose concentration measurement, a drop of glucose solution was applied to the rectangular metasurface sensing area. The glucose concentration was determined in the form of a resonance frequency shift of the reflection coefficient at 4.5 GHz and a magnitude change of the reflection coefficient at 9.2 GHz. Consistent with our theoretical prediction, the fabricated sensor has indeed exhibited a dual resonant band characteristics, with one resonance occurring at 4.5 GHz and the other at 9.2 GHz. By measuring the reflection coefficient near 4.5 GHz, a positive and linear correlation in the log scale was observed between the glucose concentration and the resonant frequency shift with a sensitivity of 0.6 MHz/(mgdL−1). At 9.2 GHz, there was no significant resonant frequency shift with varying glucose concentrations, but the magnitude of the reflection coefficient changed with the glucose concentration nonlinearly in an amount-dependent manner, with a sensitivity of 16.6 dB per unit glucose concentration within the clinical diabetic range. Overall, the log scale of the glucose concentration has exhibited a positive and linear correlation within the clinical diabetic range with both the resonant frequency shift at 4.5 GHz and the magnitude change at 9.2 GHz, thereby allowing the glucose concentration to be measured at 4.5 GHz and further cross-checked at 9.2 GHz at the same time.