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Objectives: This article intended to discuss about the rationale behind the comparison of coronavirus disease (COVID 19) and other viral fevers signs and symptoms with “Kaba Suram” and others Surams signs and symptoms with available source of Siddha literatures. Materials and Methods: Research Type: Systemic review. Design: Literature review will be done by collection of available text references from authenticated Siddha texts. Reference Authenticated Siddha Texts: 1. Yugimuni Vaithya Sinthamani, 2. Sura Vagadam, 3. Theran Karisal, 4. Theran Yamaga Venba, and 5. Sura Venba. Conclusion: Based on inference derived from Results and Discussion, we came to conclude that signs and symptoms of various viral fevers (COVID-19, dengue, chikungunya, and swine flu) are most commonly matched with the signs and symptoms of Kaba Suram, Pitha Suram, Vatha Suram, and Kaba Pitha Suram which are already mentioned in Siddhar authenticated texts.

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), attacking mainly on the immune system of a body. This has spread mortality and morbidity all over the world. During this dreadful situation there is an urgent need for the development and rapid dissemination of COVID-19 treatment. Siddha’s traditional medicine system can be used as preventive care to boost the immune system. Materials and Methods: The immense treasure of knowledge found in Siddha medicine can help mortality. Kabasura Kudineer (KSK) is one of the Siddha poly herbal formulation used as an immune-boosting agent against several diseases. Results: In the present study the KSK has been investigated for its effects of immunomodulatory and thrombolytic potential. The KSK at the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml showed % immune-stimulations of 12.40 %, 20.81, 33.53, and 43.20 and for NBT showed 19.00, 25.50, 64.00, 71.00 % respectively. Moreover, similarly, the thrombolytic activity showed 50, and 100 μg/ml concentration showed 43.83 %, 71.83 % clot lysis, respectively, and the control value for the Streptokinase showed 83.78 %. Conclusion: Hence, it can be confirmed that KSK has immunomodulatory and thrombolytic properties in vitro models. Immunomodulatory and anti-thrombolytic are the steps to create a stable, safe, and efficient COVID-19 cure.

Objectives The knowledge of purification process is unique since it deals with various physical and chemical changes in the inherent toxic properties during the process and it renders a strong support in the art of medicine preparation in Siddha system of medicine. Semecarpus anacardium L. is listed under Schedule e (1) drugs and purification is mandatory before its administration in medicine preparation. The bioactive compounds present in the plant like alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids enhance the medical efficacy and defense mechanisms of the plant. Hence an attempt has been made to reveal the chemical change, occurring during the purification process in Siddha system of medicine by evaluating the phytochemicals and anacardic acid which is responsible for forming blisters and dermatitis. Methods Five common methods were used to purify the Semecarpus anacardium nuts as per the Siddha classical texts. The quantification of phytochemicals and anacardic acid has been done in unpurified, intermediate and purified samples. Results Significant changes were observed in phytochemicals and anacardic acid quantity in unpurified and purified samples. The major reduction of anacardic acid from 5.62 % in S1 to below detectable limit (BDL) in S2, S3, S4, 0.24% in S5 and 3.32% in S6. There is mild to moderate change in the phytochemicals which will support the efficacy of the drug. Conclusions With the results of phytochemicals, though all the purification methods have been evidenced to reduce the toxic nature, among the above five, the process II may be recommended for further research and medicine preparation.

Background & Aim: Globally, the ongoing pursuit in exploring an effective drug to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has not met with significant success till date. Indian traditional medicines, especially poly herbal formulations like Nilavembu Kudineer (NVK) and Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK) of the Siddha system of medicine have been used as public health interventions for controlling viral epidemics like dengue and Chikungunya. These traditional therapies have been found safe, effective, and widely accepted. The current study evaluates the comparative efficacy of NVK and KSK as opposed to the placebo, in the management of mild to moderate COVID-19 disease. Methods: The study was a double blind, placebo controlled comparative clinical trial, with the primary objective of determining the efficacy of KSK and NVK. Patients (n=125) diagnosed with mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms were enrolled in the study over a period of 4 months (Aug 2020 – Dec 2020). Participants were randomised into 3 arms; placebo-decaffeinated tea in Arm 1; NVK in Arm II and KSK in Arm III. Each arm received 60 ml of the respective treatment twice a day, post morning and evening meals, along with standard Allopathy treatment for a maximum of 10 days. The main outcome measures of the study were the reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral load, hospital stay, and time taken by the patients to become asymptomatic from symptomatic. Efficacy assessments included clinical symptoms (fever, cough and breathlessness) each day and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),liver function test (LFT), renal function test (RFT) and electrolytes and electrocardiogram (ECG) at baseline (Day 0), Day 3, 6 and 10. Post treatment, participants were followed up for 30 days via phone for adverse effects if any. Effects of drugs on inflammatory markers (IL6,) at the end of treatment were also recorded. Adverse events (AE) were monitored throughout the study. Results: The results revealed that when compared to patients in placebo arm, those in NVK and KSK arms showed a statistically significant reduction in hospital stay time, reduction in viral load of SARS-CoV-2, and the time taken to become symptomatic from asymptomatic. Out of 125 COVID-19 patients recruited, 120 completed the study; two from the placebo group developed severe symptoms and were shifted to intensive care unit (ICU) and three patients from arms II and III withdrew from the study. The mean age of females (n=60) and males (n=60) enrolled was between 40.2 and 44.3 years respectively. Results were more promising for all the patients in NVK and KSK arms as all enrolled participants (100%) under this group got discharged by day 6 as compared to only 42.5% (n=17) from placebo groupon that day. The hospital stay time for patients in Arm I, was significantly longer (Mean [SD]=8.4 [2.0] days) as compared to the Arm II and III (Mean [SD]=4.7 [1.5] and 4.2 [1.5] days respectively (Kruskal Wallis test, p=0.0001).Patients in the three groups took a significantly different number of days to become asymptomatic. While Arm II and III patients took mean 2.5 and 1.7 days respectively, Arm I, patients took a mean of 4.2 days (Kruskal Wallis test, p=0.0001). In all, two adverse events were recorded, one for vomiting and one for diarrhoea lasting a day in Arm I & Arm II respectively. Mean value of interleukin-6 (IL6) was significantly different in comparison to the placebo-decaffeinated tea arm (NVK=2.6 and KSK=2.2, Placebo=4.0, p=0.02).The other blood biochemical parameters like C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Ferritin and D-Dimer that were analysed at the baseline and at the time of discharge from hospital, were not significantly different in the three arms. Conclusion: NVK and KSK arms showed a statistically significant reduction in hospital stay time, reduction in viral load of SARS-CoV-2 and time taken for patients to become asymptomatic from symptomatic, when compared to the placebo (decaffeinated tea).The primary outcome measures of KSK arm were significantly better than that in the NVK arm.

The knowledge of purification process is unique since it deals with various physical and chemical changes in the inherent toxic properties during the process and it renders a strong support in the art of medicine preparation in Siddha system of medicine.Five common methods were used to purify theSignificant changes were observed in phytochemicals and anacardic acid quantity in unpurified and purified samples. The major reduction of anacardic acid from 5.62 % in S1 to below detectable limit (BDL) in S2, S3, S4, 0.24% in S5 and 3.32% in S6. There is mild to moderate change in the phytochemicals which will support the efficacy of the drug.With the results of phytochemicals, though all the purification methods have been evidenced to reduce the toxic nature, among the above five, the process II may be recommended for further research and medicine preparation.