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Purpose Some studies indicated that gender is associated with prognostic of cancer, However, currently the prognostic value of gender for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) survival is unclear. The aim of our study is to reveal the influence of gender on the prognosis of patients with GCA. Patients and methods A total of 42,345 cases Chinese GCA patients were enrolled from our previously established GCA and esophageal cancer databases. The clinicopathological characteristics were retrieved from medical records in hospital. The follow-up was performed through letter, telephone or home interview. Among GCA patients, there were 32,544 (76.9%) male patients with the median age 62 years (range 17–97) and 9,801 (23.1%) female patients with the median age 61 years (range 17–95 years). The Chi-square test and Kaplan–Meier method were used to compare the continuous variables and survival. Cox proportional hazards model was used for competing risk analyses, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated. Results Men had shorter GCA-specific survival than women by multivariate analysis (HR 1.114; 95% CI 1.061 to 1.169; P vs. male, P vs. male, P vs. male, P = 0.035). It was worth noting that in patients with stages I, II, III, and IV, female patients survive longer than male patients (P = 0.049; P = 0.011; P P = 0.044, respectively). Conclusion Gender is an independent prognostic factor for patients with GCA. In comparison with men, women have a significantly better outcome. Smoking and drinking may be protective factors for male GCA patients.

Fucosylation is one of the most common modifications of oligo-N-acetyllactosamine (oligo-LacNAc) glycans. However, none of known fucosyltransferases (FucTs) could install the α1,3-linked fucose to the oligo-LacNAc substrates in a site-specific manner. Here, we report a facile and general redox-controlled substrate engineering strategy for the site-specific α1,3-fucosylation of complex glycans containing multiple LacNAc units. This strategy takes advantage of an operationally simple oxidation enzyme module by using galactose oxidase (GOase) to convert the LacNAc unit into oxidized C6'-aldehyde LacNAc sequence, which is not a good substrate for recombinant α1,3-FucT from Helicobacter pylori strain 26695 (Hpα1,3FucT), enabling the site-specific α1,3-fucosylation at intact LacNAc sites. The general applicability and robustness of this strategy were demonstrated by the synthesis of a variety of structurally well-defined fucosides of linear and branched O- and N-linked glycans.

In recent years, time-series data have emerged in a variety of application domains, such as wireless sensor networks and surveillance systems. To identify the similarity between time-series data, the Euclidean distance and its variations are common metrics that quantify the differences between time-series data. However, the Euclidean distance is limited by its inability to elastically shift with the time axis, which motivates the development of dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithms. While DTW algorithms have been proven very useful in diversified applications like speech recognition, their efficacy might be seriously affected by the resolution of the time-series data. However, high-resolution time-series data might take up a gigantic amount of main memory and storage space, which will slow down the DTW analysis procedure. This makes the upscaling of DTW analysis more challenging, especially for in-memory data analytics platforms with limited nonvolatile memory space. In this paper, we propose a strategy to downsample time-series data to significantly reduce their size without seriously affecting the precision of the results obtained by DTW algorithms (downsizing without downgrading). In other words, this paper proposes a technique to remove the unimportant details that are largely ignored by DTW algorithms. The efficacy of the proposed technique is verified by a series of experimental studies, where the results are quite encouraging.

Sda antigens are a family of widely distributed histo-blood group antigens sharing the Siaα2,3(GalNAcβ1,4)Gal trisaccharide determinant. Despite their significant biological importance, the synthesis of these complex carbohydrate antigens is challenging. Herein, we report a highly efficient and green synthesis of diverse Sda antigens with different underlying structures and sialic acid forms utilizing 6 multienzyme cascade reaction systems. The multienzyme cascade approach combines sugar nucleotide donor generation enzymes and glycosyltransferases, providing an efficient and convenient approach for the rapid assembly of complex glycans from simple monosaccharide building blocks.

BackgroundThis study compared the survival outcomes of different surgical approaches to determine the optimal approach for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and aimed to standardize the surgical treatment guidelines for GCA.MethodsA total of 7103 patients with GCA were enrolled from our previously established gastric cardia and esophageal carcinoma databases. In our database, when the epicenter of the tumor was at or within 2 cm distally from the esophagogastric junction, the adenocarcinoma was considered to originate from the cardia and was considered a Siewert type 2 cancer. The main criteria for the enrolled patients included treatment with radical surgery, no radio- or chemotherapy before the operation, and detailed clinicopathological information. Follow-up was mainly performed by telephone or through home interviews. According to the medical records, the surgical approaches included transthoracic, thoracoabdominal, and transabdominal approaches. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to correlate the surgical approach with survival in patients with GCA.ResultsThere were marked differences in age and tumor stage among the patients who underwent the three surgical approaches (P P P P ConclusionThoracoabdominal approach and transabdominal approach were shown to be poor prognostic factors. Patients with (locally advanced) GCA may benefit from the transthoracic approach. Further prospective randomized clinical trials are necessary.

Background: Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), which has been normalized as type II of adenocarcinoma at esophagogastric junction in western countries. In clinical, most of the GCA patients are lack of early alarming symptoms, more than 90% of GCA patients were diagnosed at advanced stage, resulted in a very poor prognosis, with less than 20% of 5-year survival. Obviously, early detection for GCA plays crucial role in decreasing the high mortality. Metabolomics allows for appraisal of small molecular mass compounds in a biofluid, which may provide a way for finding biomarkers for GCA. Methods: The serum metabolic features of 276 curatively resected GCA patients and 588 healthy control participates were collected from the database of State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University to discover the metabolic dysregulation by using the ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Joint pathway analysis with metabolites identified, survival analysis and auxiliary diagnosis metabolites were discussed in present work. Results: A sum of 200 known differential metabolites were obtained with p＜0.05 and fold change FC≥1.25 or FC≤0.8 by comparison GCA and healthy control participates. 12 metabolites significant correlated with survival (p＜0.05) and 17 metabolites for potential auxiliary diagnosis(FC＞1.5 or FC＜0.67) for GCA. Dysregulated arginine biosynthesis was an important pathway of GCA. 9 differential metabolites of 12-ketolithocholic acid, 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, Aldosterone, All-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol, Hododeoxycholic acid, L-histidine, Malonic acid, Prostaglandin E2 and Sphingosine were identified as potential metabolic markers for distinguishing the GCA and healthy control (AUC=0.976, sensitivity =0.913, specificity =0.027, optimal cut off value=0.470). Conclusions: This work was first identified 12 metabolites significant correlated with survival and 17 metabolites for potential auxiliary diagnosis for GCA. In addition, arginine biosynthesis pathway metabolism showed important roles in GCA. Results provide the understanding of the molecular difference between GCA and healthy control. The novel plasma biomarkers panel could clearly distinguish GCA patients from the healthy control group. This finding may form the basis for the development of a minimally invasive method for GCA detection.

Du-Zhong tea is a health beverage produced from Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EUL) as raw materials using traditional tea processing and Chinese herbal pieces processing methods. To evaluate the differences between tender leaves and mature leaves of Du-Zhong tea, UPLC-Q-TOF MS was used to analyze the constituents in EUL collected in April and August. A total of 52 compounds, including iridoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, lignans, and other types of compounds were identified. The contents of nine ingredients in the tender and mature leaves of E. ulmoides were determined by HPLC-DAD analysis. The results show that the average contents of the compounds in tender leaves were significantly higher than those in mature leaves. Lastly, the antioxidant and antipancreatic lipase activities of commercial Du-Zhong tea made by leaves of different maturity were evaluated. Du-Zhong tea with d-grade exhibited relatively higher antioxidant, while C-grade exhibited greater lipase inhibitory activities.

It has been considered as a crucial field for the extraction of active ingredients from herbal medicine to use a green and efficient method in the medicinal and food industries. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been obtaining increase attention in green chemistry area since its sustainability, safety and biodegradability. In this study, an efficient DES composed of choline chloride and L-(+)-ascorbic acid with a molar ratio of 2:1 performed higher efficacy on the extraction of target compounds (including iridoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids) in Eucommia ulmoides leaves than 50% methanol solution. Considering the extraction efficacy and time consumption, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was selected and the operational conditions, including power of microwave, liquid/solid ratio and irradiation time were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Water was used as anti-solvent to recover ten target analytes from DES with recovery yields of 97.59%, 94.91%, 96.09%, 90.66%, 95.16%, 87.33%, 86.57%, 82.15%, 89.28% and 80.75% for eucommiol (EU), aucubin (AU), geniposidic acid (GA), chlorogenic acid (CA), asperuloside (AP), rutin (RU), kaempferol-3-O-sambubioside (KS), isoquercitrin (IQ), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (KR) and astragaline (AS), respectively. By combining the DES-based MAE and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single mark (QAMS) methods, the contents of ten compounds in the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides were determined to clarify the relationship between the accumulation of secondary metabolites and the harvest period. It was found that the contents of main ingredients reached the highest during May to October. The period appears to be the best harvest period for Eucommia ulmoides leaves. This study provides a novel strategy for the harvesting, processing, and quality control of the raw materials from Eucommia ulmoides leaves.

Extrachromosomal DNA plays an important role in oncogene amplification in tumour cells and poor outcomes across multiple cancers. However, the function of extrachromosomal DNA in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is very limited. Here, we investigated the availability and function of extrachromosomal DNA in GCA from a Chinese cohort of GCA using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES), and immunohistochemistry. For the first time, we identified the ecDNA amplicons present in most GCA patients, and found that some oncogenes are present as ecDNA amplicons in these patients. We found that oncogene ecDNA amplicons in the GCA cohort were associated with the chromothripsis process and may be induced by accumulated DNA damage due to local dietary habits in the geographic region. Strikingly, we observed diverse correlations between the presence of ecDNA oncogene amplicons and prognosis, where ERBB2 ecDNA amplicons correlated with good prognosis, EGFR ecDNA amplicons correlated with poor prognosis, and CCNE1 ecDNA amplicons did not correlate with prognosis. Large-scale ERBB2 immunohistochemistry results from 1668 GCA patients revealed that there was a positive correlation between the presence of ERBB2 and prognosis in 2-7-year survival; however, there was a negative correlation between the presence of ERBB2 and prognosis in 0-2-year survival. Our observations indicate that the presence of ERBB2 ecDNA in GCA patients may represent a good prognosis marker.

The role of focal amplifications and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is unknown in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Here, we identify frequent focal amplifications and ecDNAs in Chinese GCA patient samples, and find focal amplifications in the GCA cohort are associated with the chromothripsis process and may be induced by accumulated DNA damage due to local dietary habits. We observe diverse correlations between the presence of oncogene focal amplifications and prognosis, where ERBB2 focal amplifications positively correlate with prognosis and EGFR focal amplifications negatively correlate with prognosis. Large-scale ERBB2 immunohistochemistry results from 1668 GCA patients show survival probability of ERBB2 positive patients is lower than that of ERBB2 negative patients when their surviving time is under 2 years, however, the tendency is opposite when their surviving time is longer than 2 years. Our observations indicate that the ERBB2 focal amplifications may represent a good prognostic marker in GCA patients., The role of focal amplifications and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is unknown in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Here, the authors identify frequent focal amplifications and ecDNAs in Chinese GCA patient samples, as well as the potential associations of these alterations with prognosis and dietary habits.

It has been considered as a crucial field for the extraction of active ingredients from herbal medicine to use a green and efficient method in the medicinal and food industries. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) coupled with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract ten compounds from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the extraction conditions using the MAE method. An anti-solvent method efficiently recovered target analytes from the DES. By combining the DES-based MAE and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single mark (QAMS) methods, the contents of ten compounds in the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides were determined to clarify the relationship between the accumulation of secondary metabolites and the harvest period. This study provides a novel strategy for the harvesting, processing, and quality control of the raw materials from Eucommia ulmoides leaves.