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3. Update on vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks-Democratic Republic of the Congo, Horn of Africa, 2017-2018/Le point sur les flambees de poliovirus derives d'une souche vaccinale Republique democratique du Congo, Corne de l'Afrique, 2017-2018

Author

Mbaeyi, Chukwuma, Alleman, Mary M., Ehrhardt, Derek, Wiesen, Eric, Burns, Cara C., Liu, Hongmei, Ewetola, Raimi, Seakamela, Lerato, Mdodo, Rennatus, Ndoutabe, Modjirom, Wenye, Pierre Kandolo, Riziki, Yogolelo, Borus, Peter, Kamugisha, Christopher, and Wassilak, Steven G.F.

Subjects
Congo (Kinshasa) -- Statistics, Northeast Africa -- Statistics, Epidemics -- Statistics -- Africa, Oral poliovirus vaccines -- Complications and side effects, Poliomyelitis -- Statistics, Vaccines, Vaccination, Paralysis, Government, Health
Abstract

Widespread use of live, attenuated (Sabin) oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has resulted in marked progress towards global poliomyelitis eradication. (1) In under-immunized populations, however, extensive person-to-person transmission of Sabin poliovirus [...]

Published
2019

5. Widespread transmission of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus identified by environmental surveillance and immunization response, Horn of Africa, 2017-2018/Vaste transmission de poliovirus circulants derives d'une souche vaccinale identifiee par la surveillance environnementale et riposte par la vaccination dans la Corne de l'Afrique, 2017-2018

Author

Eboh, Victor A., Makam, Jeevan K., Chitale, Rohit A., Mbaeyi, Chukwuma, Jorba, Jaume, Ehrhardt, Derek, Durry, Elias, Gardner, Tracie, Mohamed, Kamil, Kamugisha, Christopher, Borus, Peter, and Elsayed, Eltayeb Ahmed

Subjects
Polioviruses -- Research, Poliovirus vaccines -- Usage -- Research, Government, Health
Abstract

After declaration of the eradication of wild poliovirus type 2 in 2015, all countries that were using oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) switched from trivalent OPV (tOPV) (containing types 1, 2 [...]

Published
2018

7. Trends in diarrhea hospitalizations among infants at three hospitals in Tanzania before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction

Author

Lyamuya, Faraja, primary, Michael, Fausta, additional, Jani, Bhavin, additional, Fungo, Yohana, additional, Chambo, Alfred, additional, Chami, Inviolatha, additional, Bulali, Regina, additional, Mpamba, Amina, additional, Cholobi, Happy, additional, Kallovya, Dotto, additional, Kamugisha, Christopher, additional, Mwenda, Jason M., additional, and Cortese, Margaret M., additional

Published
2018
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8. Detection of rotavirus before and after monovalent rotavirus vaccine introduction and vaccine effectiveness among children in mainland Tanzania

Author

Jani, Bhavin, primary, Hokororo, Adolfine, additional, Mchomvu, Jackson, additional, Cortese, Margaret M., additional, Kamugisha, Christopher, additional, Mujuni, Delphinius, additional, Kallovya, Dotto, additional, Parashar, Umesh D., additional, Mwenda, Jason M., additional, Lyimo, DaFrossa, additional, Materu, Antonia, additional, Omari, Kakuri Frank, additional, Waziri, Mark, additional, Laswai, Theresia, additional, Juma, Hamisi, additional, Mlay, Josephine, additional, Dogani, Juliana, additional, Stephen, Eugenia, additional, Seugendo, Mwanisha, additional, Nkumbi, Uyanjo, additional, Lyakurwa, Anna, additional, Matojo, Anivera, additional, Bendera, Elice, additional, Senyota, Jonathan, additional, Msingwa, Veronica, additional, Fungo, Yohana, additional, Michael, Fausta, additional, Mpamba, Amina, additional, Chambo, Alfred, additional, Cholobi, Happy, additional, Lyamuya, Faraja, additional, Chami, Inviollatha, additional, Mchome, Esther, additional, Mshana, Amina Mohamed, additional, Mushi, Edward, additional, Mariki, Uforo, additional, Chard, Ronica, additional, Tuju, Deborah, additional, Ambokile, Nuswe, additional, Lukwale, Fatuma, additional, Kyessi, Furaha, additional, Khamis, Asha, additional, Michael, Innocent, additional, Macha, Doreen, additional, and Saguti, Angelina, additional

Published
2018
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9. Notes from the Field: Widespread Transmission of Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Identified by Environmental Surveillance and Immunization Response — Horn of Africa, 2017–2018

Author

Eboh, Victor A., primary, Makam, Jeevan K., additional, Chitale, Rohit A., additional, Mbaeyi, Chukwuma, additional, Jorba, Jaume, additional, Ehrhardt, Derek, additional, Durry, Elias, additional, Gardner, Tracie, additional, Mohamed, Kamil, additional, Kamugisha, Christopher, additional, Borus, Peter, additional, and Elsayed, Eltayeb Ahmed, additional

Published
2018
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11. Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness and Impact on Rotavirus Hospitalizations in Zanzibar, Tanzania: Data From the First 3 Years After Introduction

Author

Abeid, Khamis Ali, primary, Jani, Bhavin, additional, Cortese, Margaret M., additional, Kamugisha, Christopher, additional, Mwenda, Jason M., additional, Pandu, Aziza Salim, additional, Msaada, Kazija Ali, additional, Mohamed, Abdallah Said, additional, Khamis, Asha Ussi, additional, Parashar, Umesh D., additional, and Saleh, Abdulhamid A., additional

Published
2016
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12. Widespread transmission of circulating vaccinederived poliovirus identified by environmental surveillance and immunization response, Horn of Africa, 2017-2018.

Author

Eboh, Victor A., Makam, Jeevan K., Chitale, Rohit A., Mbaeyi, Chukwuma, Jorba, Jaume, Ehrhardt, Derek, Durry, Elias, Gardner, Tracie, Mohamed, Kamil, Kamugisha, Christopher, Borus, Peter, and Elsayed, Eltaye Ahmed

Subjects
*POLIO prevention, *SEWAGE analysis, *POLIOMYELITIS vaccines, *ENTEROVIRUSES, *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, *IMMUNIZATION, *MICROBIAL ecology, *PUBLIC health surveillance, *ACUTE flaccid paralysis, *VACCINES, POLIO transmission
Abstract

The article reports on the transmission of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (PV) identified by environmental surveillance and immunization response in Horn of Africa from 2017 to 2018. Sixteen environmental PV surveillance sites have been established to supplement acute flaccid paralysis surveillance. Two vaccination response campaigns with monovalent oral PV type 2 were done in December 2017 and January 2018. A limited response vaccination campaign was done in Nairobi in May 2018.

Published
2018

13. Update on Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks - Democratic Republic of the Congo and Horn of Africa, 2017-2018.

Author

Mbaeyi C, Alleman MM, Ehrhardt D, Wiesen E, Burns CC, Liu H, Ewetola R, Seakamela L, Mdodo R, Ndoutabe M, Wenye PK, Riziki Y, Borus P, Kamugisha C, and Wassilak SGF

Subjects
Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Humans, Somalia epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks statistics & numerical data, Poliomyelitis epidemiology, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral adverse effects
Abstract

Widespread use of live attenuated (Sabin) oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has resulted in marked progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication (1). However, in underimmunized populations, extensive person-to-person transmission of Sabin poliovirus can result in genetic reversion to neurovirulence and paralytic vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) disease (1). This report updates (as of February 26, 2019) previous reports on circulating VDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks during 2017-2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and in Somalia, which experienced a concurrent cVDPV type 3 (cVDPV3) outbreak* (2,3). In DRC, 42 cases have been reported in four cVDPV2 outbreaks; paralysis onset in the most recent case was October 7, 2018 (2). Challenges to interrupting transmission have included delays in outbreak-response supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) and difficulty reaching children in all areas. In Somalia, cVDPV2 and cVDPV3 were detected in sewage before the detection of paralytic cases (3). Twelve type 2 and type 3 cVDPV cases have been confirmed; the most recent paralysis onset dates were September 2 (cVDPV2) and September 7, 2018 (cVDPV3). The primary challenge to interrupting transmission is the residence of >300,000 children in areas that are inaccessible for vaccination activities. For both countries, longer periods of surveillance are needed before interruption of cVDPV transmission can be inferred., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Published
2019
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