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Abstract Introduction Mental health issues are being reported increasingly amongst healthcare staff and students globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of common mental health issues amongst dental faculty members at multiple institutions in Pakistan. Methods Following approval from the institutional ethics review board, dental faculty members at 14 dental institutions were invited to participate in an online survey based on globally validated scales for mental health problems including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Two open-ended questions were included in the survey to identify perceived factors contributing to poor mental health and recommendations for improving institutional support. Results A total of 200 faculty members out of provided their responses to the survey questionnaire but complete responses were provided by 183 participants which included 120 (65.57%) females, and 63 (34.43%) males. The total number of faculty members at the participating institutions was 426 and 183 responses translated into an overall response rate of 43%. Most participants were in the 31–40 years age-group (n = 81, 44.26%) followed by 25–30 year (n = 51, 22.87%) and 41–50 years (n = 40, 21.86%). The mean score on PHQ-9 was 6.51 (SD ± 5.4) while the mean DASS-21 score was 13.04 (SD ± 10.95). PHQ-9 Depression, and DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores were all significantly positively correlated for the whole sample, and within each subgroup of each demographic factor. Job-related workload, lack of institutional support, financial limitations, and poor work life balance were identified as the main factors contributing adversely to the mental health of the participants. Discussion This study provides useful insights into the scale of mental health status amongst dental faculty members at 14 institutions in Pakistan. Underlying factors affecting the mental health of faculty members adversely were identified and recommendations are provided to address these challenges.

Choosing an appropriate prosthetic material for the superstructure of an implant-supported or tooth-implant supported fixed partial denture (FPD) is crucial for the success of the prostheses. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of prosthetic material type and tooth-to-implant support on stress distribution of FPDs using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA). Two FEA models were generated, distinguished by their support configurations: Model I representing an FPD supported by implants, and Model II depicting an FPD supported by both a tooth and an implant. Two different restorative materials, porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and monolithic zirconia, were evaluated for stress distribution under axial and oblique loads of 300 N applied to the pontic. Under both axial and oblique loading conditions, the maximum von Mises stress values were observed to be higher in the implant-abutment complex of both zirconia implant-supported and tooth-implant-supported FPDs compared to PFM FPDs. In the case of axial loading, comparable stress values were found in the cortical bone for PFM (12.65 MPa) and zirconia implant-supported FPDs (12.71 MPa). The zirconia tooth-implant-supported FPD exhibited the highest stress values in the implant-abutment system.

In the age of fast digital transformation, Docker containers have become one of the central technologies for flexible and scalable application deployment. However, this has opened a new dimension of challenges in security, which are skyrocketing with increased technology adoption. This paper discerns these challenges through a manifold approach: first, comprehensive static analysis by Trivy, and second, real-time dynamic analysis by Falco in order to uncover vulnerabilities in Docker environments pre-deployment and during runtime. One can also find similar challenges in security within the Internet of Things (IoT) sector, due to the huge number of devices connected to WiFi networks, from simple data breaches such as brute force attacks and unauthorized access to large-scale cyber attacks against critical infrastructure, which represent only a portion of the problems. In connection with this, this paper is calling for the execution of robust AWS cloud security solutions: IoT Core, CloudWatch, and GuardDuty. IoT Core provides a secure channel of communication for IoT devices, and CloudWatch offers detailed monitoring and logging. Additional security is provided by GuardDuty’s automatized threat detection system, which continuously seeks out potential threats across network traffic. Armed with these technologies, we try to build a more resilient and privacy-oriented IoT while ensuring the security of our digital existence. The result is, therefore, an all-inclusive work on security in both Docker and IoT domains, which might be considered one of the most important efforts so far to strengthen the digital infrastructure against fast-evolving cyber threats, combining state-of-the-art methods of static and dynamic analyses for Docker security with advanced, cloud-based protection for IoT devices.

Epsom salt, also known as magnesium sulphate, has received a lot of interest in the realms of medicine and cosmetics because of its numerous medicinal and cosmetic uses. This article presents a detailed overview of the use of epsom salt in these sectors, emphasising its efficacy and adaptability. In medicine, epsom salt is known for its muscle-relaxing effects, making it a popular choice for treating discomfort, tension, and stress. Epsom salt’s magnesium content is thought to play an important role in inducing muscular relaxation and lowering inflammation, making it a helpful adjunct therapy for illnesses like muscle cramps and fibromyalgia. Furthermore, its osmotic laxative qualities have been recognised, providing a gentle but effective remedy for constipation relief when taken orally in adequate doses. In cosmetics, epsom salt acts as a natural exfoliator, removing dead skin cells and impurities to reveal smoother, revitalised skin. Its ability to clear pores and enhance skin texture has made it a popular ingredient in skincare products including scrubs, masks, and lotions. Furthermore, epsom salt baths have become a luxurious self-care practice, valued for its capacity to relieve sore feet, soften skin, and promote relaxation.

Abstract Purpose In the realm of restorative dentistry, the integration of virtual reality haptic simulation (VRHS) for learning operative skills has garnered varied perceptions among dental students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to delve deep into undergraduates dental students’ perceptions related to the impact of VRHS in pre-clinical restorative dentistry. Methods A homogeneous purposive sampling method was utilized to gather data from third-year undergraduate dental students (n = 23) at the College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, to thoroughly investigate their views on the impact of VRHS on their learning experience in preparing a standard class I cavity. An explorative qualitative method using face-to-face focus group sessions were conducted in English during 2023. Focus group sessions were recorded and transcribed using Microsoft Teams. Two authors independently read the transcripts, coded the text, and manually analyzed text using an inductive thematic approach. Results A total of 21 (91.3%) students participated in this study. Analysis of 3 focus group interviews revealed five primary themes summarized with the term “MASTR” (M = manual dexterity, A = assessment, S = sequence, T = training, and R = realism). Based on frequency of reported themes, students perceived realism/ lifelike nature of VRHS requiring further enhancement to achieve the desired learning objective. Conclusion Although, VRHS play a crucial role in modern dental education, offering innovative solutions for training, evaluation, and feedback, the need to enhance their ability to simulate real-life dental procedures and learning environment (realism), coupled with interactive and immersive learning experiences were the most frequently raised theme by students. In terms of curriculum design and learning pedagogies, dental educators should consider the appropriate sequence when integrating VRHS within the undergraduate curricula.

Abstract Independent component analysis (ICA) and dictionary learning (DL) are the most successful blind source separation (BSS) methods for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. However, ICA to higher and DL to lower extent may suffer from performance degradation by the presence of anomalous observations in the recovered time courses (TCs) and high overlaps among spatial maps (SMs). This paper addressed both problems using a novel three-layered sparse DL (TLSDL) algorithm that incorporated prior information in the dictionary update process and recovered full-rank outlier-free TCs from highly corrupted measurements. The associated sequential DL model involved factorizing each subject’s data into a multi-subject (MS) dictionary and MS sparse code while imposing a low-rank and a sparse matrix decomposition restriction on the dictionary matrix. It is derived by solving three layers of feature extraction and component estimation. The first and second layers captured brain regions with low and moderate spatial overlaps, respectively. The third layer that segregated regions with significant spatial overlaps solved a sequence of vector decomposition problems using the proximal alternating linearized minimization (PALM) method and solved a decomposition restriction using the alternating directions method (ALM). It learned outlier-free dynamics that integrate spatiotemporal diversities across brains and external information. It differs from existing DL methods owing to its unique optimization model, which incorporates prior knowledge, subject-wise/multi-subject representation matrices, and outlier handling. The TLSDL algorithm was compared with existing dictionary learning algorithms using experimental and synthetic fMRI datasets to verify its performance. Overall, the mean correlation value was found to be $$26\%$$ 26 % higher for the TLSDL than for the state-of-the-art subject-wise sequential DL (swsDL) technique.

Abstract The demand for modern electronics and semiconductors has increased throughout the years, which has enabled the innovation and exploration of solution-processed deposition. Solution-based processes have gained a lot of interest due to the low-cost fabrication and the large fabrication areas without the need for high-vacuum equipment. In this study, we utilized the ZnO ink for inkjet printer ink to fabricate a thin film via Electrohydrodynamic printing. Three different ink solutions were prepared for experimentation. The EHD printing technique demonstrated the ink’s compatibility with and without the modifications. The outcomes of the EHD printed materials were comparable with the spin-coated thin films. The EHD-printed films demonstrated better results in comparison to spin-coated films. Ra and Rq of the EHD film measured at 3.651 nm and 4.973 nm, respectively. It improved the absorbance up to two-fold at 360 nm wavelength and electrical conductivity up to 40% compared to the spin-coated films. Furthermore, the optimization of the printing parameters can lead to the improved morphology and thickness of the EHD thin films.

الخلاصة: الهدف: الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو مقارنة فعالية المبارد اليدوية نوع هيدستروم و بين مبارد البروتيبر المستخدمة في علاج وإعادة علاج الجذور، في إزالة اقماع الجوتابيركا أثناء إعادة المعالجة اللبية باستخدام تقنية التصوير الإشعاعي الرقمي. الطرق: هذه الدراسة تمت خارج الأجسام الحيه / دراسية مختبريه، استخدمت تقنية أخذ العينات المتتالية غير الاحتمالية. واستُخدمت الدراسة ستين من الأسنان الأمامية الدائمة احادية الجذور ذات القنوات المستقيمة. بعد تحضير الاسنان تم حشو القنوات واروائها بأقماع الجوتابيركا ومالئ الفجوات ومن ثم تم الاحتفاظ بها لمدة اربعة عشر يوما في بيئة رطبة في درجة حرارة ٣٧ مئوية. ثم تم اختيار ثلاثة وثلاثين من الاسنان بصورة عشوائية لمجموعتي المراقبة (المجموعة الأولى) والمجموعة التجريبية (المجموعة الثانية). تمت عملية إزالة الجوتابيركا بمبارد الهيدستروم اليدوية في المجموعة الاولي ومبارد البروتيبر الممكنة المستخدمة في علاج الجذور وإعادة علاج الجذور في المجموعة الثانية. وتم الحصول على إشعاعات رقمية باستخدام برنامج كيرستريم ( كودك) إصدار رقم RVG VER.6.10.8.3-A ، وجرى تحليلها لمعرفة الفرق بين الشوائب التي تمثل بقايا الجوتابيركا. واستُخدم برنامج AutoCAD 2006 في توضيح قنوات الجذور وبقايا حشوات الجذور. واستُخدم اختبار العينة المستقلة t لمقارنة مجموع ما تبقى من الجوتابيركا في كلتا المجموعتين. النتائج: لم تتم ملاحظة أي فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في بقايا حشو العصب باستخدام الطرق المختلفة التي تم اختبارها ومقارنتها. في كلا المجموعتين، كان الجزء المتبقي من حشو العصب محصورًا في الثلث الاسفل من الجذور. الاستنتاجات: تعد مبارد البروتيبر الممكنة ومبارد الهيدستروم اليدوية فعالة بنفس القدر لإزالة حشو العصب من الاسنان احادية الجذور ذات القنوات المستقيمة. Abstract: Objective: This research was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of manual H-files versus a combination of a Pro-Taper universal rotary canal preparation system and retreatment system in removing gutta-percha (GP) during endodontic retreatment, by using a digital radiography technique. Methods: This ex vivo study used a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The study sample comprised 60 extracted anterior permanent teeth, each with one root with a straight root canal (RC). After preparation, RCs were obturated with GP and sealer. Subsequently, teeth were stored for 2 weeks in a humid environment at 37 °C. Thirty teeth each were randomly assigned to the control (group I), and experimental (group II) groups. GP removal was performed with H-files {group I) or a combination of a Pro-Taper universal rotary canal preparation system and retreatment system (group 2). Digital radiographs were acquired with Carestream digital radiovisiography software (Kodak; version-VER.6.10.8.3-A), and the presence of residual GP was analyzed. AutoCAD (2006) software was used to demarcate the RC and residual root filling. The residual GP in both groups was compared with independent sample t-tests. Results: The remaining root filling did not significantly differ when GP was removed with conventional Hedstrom files versus a combination of Pro-Taper Universal preparation and retreatment file systems. The residual GP was confined to the apical third of the canals in both groups. Conclusions: Pro-Taper Universal preparation and retreatment file systems have similar effectiveness to manual H-files in GP removal in straight canals.

Abstract Background Contemporary undergraduate dental education aims to equip the dental students with clinical competence, empathy, and professionalism to enable them to deliver safe and effective dental care to the communities. The purpose of this study was to assess the self-reported preparedness of final year dental students and interns at three Saudi dental institutions, using the pre-validated Dental Undergraduates Preparedness Assessment Scale (DU-PAS). Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess the self-reported preparedness of the participants using the DU-PAS. Following ethics approval, a probability sampling technique was used to recruit undergraduate dental students and interns from three dental institutions in Saudi Arabia. The data was collected online on Google Forms and all participants provided their consent to participate in the study prior to providing their responses to DU-PAS. Results Responses were received from 397 participants including 171 males and 226 females yielding a response rate of 60.3%. The total mean score of the participants was 81.85 ± 13.11. Although higher scores were reported in males, the interaction between gender and DU-PAS scores were not significant. Interaction between DU-PAS scores and stage of education showed significant effect of the stage of education with interns reporting higher overall scores. The participants reported that they were able to perform most clinical procedures independently. However, low confidence was reported in performing multi-rooted endodontics, fabrication of removable dentures and orthodontic assessment. The participants also expressed their confidence in a wide range of behavioural attributes related to communication, teamworking and professionalism. However, lack of experience was noted in referral for oral cancer, interpreting research, and evaluation of new dental products using an evidence-based approach. Conclusion The study provides useful insights into the self-reported preparedness of undergraduate dental students and interns in three dental institutions. While the overall preparedness of the participants was comparable to their international peers, the findings underscore the need for further enhancements to the teaching and training of undergraduate students particularly in multirooted endodontics, removable prosthodontics and orthodontics.

Introduction The primary aim of undergraduate dental education is to prepare dental students for independent dental practice and to enable them to provide safe and effective dental care. This study aimed to investigate the self-perceived preparedness of senior dental undergraduate students in Turkey. Methods Purposive sampling was used to recruit final-year dental students from 10 dental institutions offering undergraduate dental programs in Turkey. Student preparedness was assessed using a previously validated dental preparedness assessment scale based on 50 items encompassing core clinical skills, cognitive attributes, and behavioral skills. The research instrument was then translated into Turkish. The R statistical environment for Windows was used for the data analysis. Results Responses were provided by 272 students (156 women and 116 men; 57% and 43%, respectively) across 10 different universities. The mean score of the participants was 75.68 with slightly higher scores for men compared to women (77.35 vs. 74.46 respectively). However, independent t-tests showed that the scores did not differ significantly between women and men. Conclusions This study evaluated the self-perceived preparedness for dental practice of final-year students from 10 universities in Turkey. Although the results showed several areas of weakness, the scores of self-perceived preparedness of Turkish students were comparable to those reported in Europe and Asia. These findings can be used to inform future curriculum development to support students in consolidating their learning in perceived areas of weakness.

Background: Patients with esophageal varices due to cirrhosis have a high propensity to bleed. Changes in hepatic structure result in higher resistance to portal blood flow which causes esophageal varices to form dilated portal veins and splenomegaly. Endoscopic procedures for diagnosing and treating varices have continued to evolve, with improved techniques and equipment for more effective treatment and reduced patient discomfort. Objective: To determine the frequency of gastro-esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients with splenomegaly. Study type, settings & duration: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from September 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: The sample size of 257 cirrhosis patients with splenomegaly with no prior history of variceal hemorrhage was taken. The patients with a history of hypertensive variceal bleeding, interferon therapy, and those who had received endoscopic or surgical treatment for portal hypertension were excluded from the study. The data of patients were collected by the author through a self-designed proforma and the demographics of those patients were noted. Results: Out of 257 patients with cirrhosis, 157 (62%) were male and 100 (38%) were females. The mean age of these patients was 48.65±8.22 years. The frequency of gastro-esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients with splenomegaly was 62.65% (161/257).The prevalence of gastro-esophageal varices did not differ significantly by age group and gender. Conclusion: The gastro-esophageal varices are frequently found in cirrhotic patients with splenomegaly. The chance of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic individuals can be expected by a variety of clinical and physiological parameters.

Introduction: Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a challenging musculoskeletal condition with a prevalence of upto 30% in certain populations seeking medical care. It is characterised by Trigger Points (TrPs) in muscle fibres, leading to spontaneous pain, referred pain, muscle tension, and restricted Range Of Motion (ROM). The integrated TrP hypothesis proposes that an energy crisis triggers TrPs through calcium release, prolonged muscle activity, and localised ischaemia. Vasoactive substances sensitise nociceptors and perpetuate the cycle. High-power Pain Threshold Ultrasound (HPPTUS-9), a novel Ultrasound (US) therapy, shows promise in reducing pain from active TrPs. The present study investigates the effects of HPPTUS-9 on Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT), subjective pain intensity, lateral flexion ROM, and disability in MPS patients. Aim: To determine the impact of two different HPPTUS techniques on MTrPs. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical trial was conducted using a two-way mixed analysis of variance at the Department of Physiotherapy, GD Goenka University in Gurugram, Haryana, India, over a four-month period from April 2023 to August 2023. A total of 16 individuals with TrPs in the upper trapezius muscle, comprising seven males and nine females, were included. They were equally divided into two groups: the HPPTUS-9 group 1 and the HPPTUS group 2. Both groups received treatments over a six-session period spanning two weeks. The primary outcome measure was the PPT, which evaluated the pain threshold of TrPs in the upper trapezius muscle. The secondary outcome measures included ROM, Neck Pain Disability Index (NPDI), and subjective pressure pain intensity. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-tests. Results: Between-group analysis revealed that participants who underwent nine applications of HPPTUS experienced a significantly greater increase in PPT (p=0.001) and ROM (p=0.001) compared to the other group at the end of the two-week intervention. Additionally, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in pain (p=0.002) within their respective treatments. Notably, no adverse effects were reported in either group. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that nine applications of HPPTUS led to significant improvements in PPT and ROM compared to the alternative treatment group. Both groups showed a notable reduction in pain during their respective interventions. Importantly, no adverse effects were reported in either group throughout the two-week study period. These findings suggest that HPPTUS has the potential to be an effective and safe treatment option for addressing pain and mobility issues.

Abstract Background Utilization of Virtual Reality haptic simulation (VRHS) to aid in the training of various pre-clinical skills is of recent interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of VRHS in restorative dentistry on the learning experiences and perceptions of dental students. Methods An interventional study design was utilized to recruit third year students. All participants provided informed consents and were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1: Initially performed a Class I cavity preparation with the VRHS, followed by the same exercise using the phantom head/ acrylic typodont teeth in a conventional simulation environment (CSE). Group 2: Initially performed Class I preparations in a CSE, followed by the same exercise using VRHS. Both groups performed the exercises on a lower right first molar. To understand students’ perception, an online questionnaire was circulated. Data analysis involved Chi-square tests, independent t-tests and Mann–Whitney U-tests using the R statistical environment package. Results A total of 23 dental students participated in this study. Although student’s perceptions were similar in both groups, a strong agreement that VRHS training might be used to supplement standard pre-clinical training was noted. Advancements to the VRHS hardware and software are required to bridge the gap and provide a smooth transition to clinics. Conclusion Novice dental students generally perceived VRHS as a useful tool for enhancing their manual dexterity. Dental institutions should endorse virtual reality technology with caution, ensuring a planned integration into the curriculum to optimize benefit. Feedback is pivotal to effective learning in simulation-based education, and the triangulation of feedback could serve as a powerful aid to maximize the learning experience.

AbstractBackground Patients with walled-off necrosis (WON) are still challenging to treat safely and effectively. Recently, double-pigtail plastic stents (DPS), bi-flanged metallic stents (BFMS), and lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) have been employed with endoscopic ultrasound-guided (EUS-guided) drainage. However, there is little solid evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of using stents. This study aims to compare the outcomes of the LAMS and the PS.Method Till July 2022, a thorough database search was done, and studies that met the criteria were chosen. By using the RevMan software, the technical and clinical success and other secondary outcomes were calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed between the LAMS and the BFMS.Results Fifteen studies (two randomized controlled trials and thirteen observational) with 687 patients receiving metal stents and 771 patients receiving plastic stents were selected for final analysis. There was no significant risk of bias or publication bias. The odds ratios (OR) for technical and clinical success were 0.36 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.08, 1.52) and 2.26 (95%CI 1.62, 3.15), respectively. The OR for overall adverse events was 0.74 (95% CI 0.41, 1.34). In subgroup analysis, the LAMS and the BFMS showed the same outcomes.Conclusion Compared to DPS, LAMS had better clinical outcomes and fewer side effects when treating patients with WON.

Introduction Mental health issues among undergraduate health-care students are a growing concern. This research aims to explore the frequency of mental health issues among health-care students in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nutrition, biomedical sciences, nursing, and public health at Qatar University. Methods Ethics approval was obtained from the institutional review board. A total of 1,378 health-care students were invited to participate. Data were collected online using two validated questionnaires including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess symptoms of depression, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and two open-ended questions investigating risk factors and recommendations for enhancing institutional support. Results A total of 270 health-care students completed the survey; 227 female, and 43 male students. According to PHQ-9 cut-off values, 37.7% of students had mild depression symptoms, 25.5% moderate, 14.8% moderately severe and 10% severe symptoms. DASS-21 responses revealed 34.7% displayed severe to extremely severe anxiety symptoms, 15.4% severe to extremely severe stress symptoms and 21% severe to extremely severe depression symptoms. Students aged 18–21 years had significantly higher depression (p=0.03) and stress scores (p=0.05). Qatari students had significantly higher anxiety scores (p=0.05). Responses to open-ended questions were categorized into sub-themes and grouped together into broader themes. Most students reported exam stress and workload as key factors contributing to their negative mental health. Participants’ recommendations included reducing academic workload through better curricular planning, providing training to faculty to better support students with mental health issues, and improving mental health services. Conclusion This study showed a significant percentage of respondents reported symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression during undergraduate studies. Participants represent the future healthcare force for the country and there is a need to identify and support students with mental health issues through close monitoring, and work with all stakeholders to improve student support services.

Introduction Student centric learning approaches have been reported to be effective in introducing higher order cognitive skills required by the health professionals. However, learners’ perceptions must be constructively aligned with new learning interventions to achieve a positive impact on their learning. The aim of this study was to explore the learning experiences of undergraduate dental students with case-based learning in orthodontics. Methods A case-based learning model was introduced on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for final year students on a Bachelor of Dentistry programme toward the end of their academic year. A survey was conducted to explore the perceptions and experiences of the participants. The research instrument was based on a previously validated questionnaire and included information on demographics and consisted of 12 items aimed at evaluating the benefits and challenges of cased based learning. Results All 67 students in the final-year cohort participated in study, yielding a response rate of 100 percent. Participants across the board perceived CBL to be an effective strategy to learn the subject content and helpful in improving the students’ skills in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and team-working. CBL did not pose any significant challenges or barriers to student learning. Conclusion Participants reported high acceptance of CBL in orthodontic teaching and learning and a positive impact on their educational experiences. CBL was perceived to be an appropriate strategy to enhance the diagnostic, treatment planning and team-working skills of dental students.

Abstract Background Complex training is found effective in improving physical performance in various sports. There is a paucity of research evidence comparing the efficacy of complex vs. plyometric training in cricket players. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of complex and plyometric training on physical performance parameters in cricket players. Methods Participants (n = 42 Male; age group = 18–26 years) were randomly allocated into three groups, complex training group (CTG) (n = 14; BMI = 20.51 ± 2.23), plyometric training group (PTG) (n = 14; BMI = 20.57 ± 2.82), and control group (CG) (n = 14; BMI = 20.51 ± 2.23). CTG and PTG received their respective training twice weekly, and CG received routine training for four weeks. Pre and post-intervention assessments of core muscle strength (CM), multistage fitness (MF), push-up (PU), lateral cone jump (LCJ), and stationary vertical jump (SVJ) were performed. This study has been registered in clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT05646914, on 05/12/2022). Results A significant difference was observed between CTG vs. CG for CM (p ≤ 0.01), LCJ (p

Abstract Background Oral health of preschool children remains a concern globally. Primary healthcare providers are in a vital position to support preventive oral care programmes. This study explored current practices, perception and barriers of primary health care professionals towards oral health promotion program of children in Qatar. Methods The qualitative research used focus group discussions and interviewed a total of 108 participants that were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Four major themes emerged and were analysed to explore contextual patterns within the data. Results Participants acknowledged the high prevalence of caries in children and identified the causes in the local context which included parental practices, poor dietary habits, impact of culture lack of oral health knowledge, limitations in the healthcare system, and negative role of the media. However, complex barriers were exposed, including lack of time and ownership, system coordination between organizations, and lack of policy. Conclusion Health professionals and bureaucrats involved in decision-making held a positive attitude towards oral health prevention programs and were enthusiastic to initiate and support these programs.

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of high value and high performance components with applications from aerospace to biomedical fields. We report here on the fabrication of poly(3-hexylthiophene): phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) thin films through the electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) process and its integration as absorber layer for organic solar cells. Prior to the film fabrication, the optimization of the process was carried out by developing the operating envelope for the P3HT:PCBM ink to determine the optimal flow rate and the appropriate applied voltage to achieve a stable-cone deposition mode. The EHDA printed thin-film’s topography, morphology and optical properties were systematically analyzed. The root-mean-square roughness was found to vary significantly with the annealing temperature and the flow rate and ranged from 1.938 to 3.345 nm. The estimated film mass and thickness were found between 3.235 and 23.471 mg and 597.5 nm to 1.60 µm, respectively. The films exhibited a broad visible absorption spectrum ranging from ~ 340 to ~ 600 nm, with a maximum peak λmax located at ~ 500 nm. As the annealing temperature and the flow rate were increased, discernible alterations in the PCBM clusters were consequently observed in the blends of the film and the size of the PCBM clusters has decreased by 3% while the distance between them was highly reduced by as much as 82%.

Social media platforms and online gaming sites play a pervasive role in facilitating peer interaction and social development for adolescents, but they also pose potential threats to health and safety. It is crucial to tackle cyberbullying issues within these platforms to ensure the healthy social development of adolescents. Cyberbullying has been linked to adverse mental health outcomes among adolescents, including anxiety, depression, academic underperformance, and an increased risk of suicide. While cyberbullying is a concern for all adolescents, those with disabilities are particularly susceptible and face a higher risk of being targets of cyberbullying. Our research addresses these challenges by introducing a personalized online virtual companion guided by artificial intelligence (AI). The web-based virtual companion’s interactions aim to assist adolescents in detecting cyberbullying. More specifically, an adolescent with ASD watches a cyberbullying scenario in a virtual environment, and the AI virtual companion then asks the adolescent if he/she detected cyberbullying. To inform the virtual companion in real time to know if the adolescent has learned about detecting cyberbullying, we have implemented fast and lightweight cyberbullying detection models employing the T5-small and MobileBERT networks. Our experimental results show that we obtain comparable results to the state-of-the-art methods despite having a compact architecture.

Abstract Background The “Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)” approach is crucial in health system. Appreciating the current KAP status will reveal the extent of the efficiency of applied health strategies, and subsequently help to determine the appropriate health policy to be employed for improving the health indicators of a given disease/condition, including Oral Cancer (OC). This large-scale cross-sectional study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice on OC among senior dental students in Yemen. Methods A pre-validated online questionnaire was used for data collection. It consisted of a series of close-ended questions on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to OC. Yemeni dental students in clinical levels (4th and 5th years) from nine dental schools based in four major cities were invited to complete the survey. The SPSS Version 28.0 was used for data analysis. Differences by different grouping factors were assessed by Chi-squared and Mann Whitney-U tests, as appropriate. Results A total of 927 students completed the questionnaire: a response rate of 43%. While the majority identified smoking (93.8%), and smokeless tobacco (92.1%) as potential risk factors of OC, only 76.2% recognized sun exposure as a risk factor for lip cancer and only 50% were aware of old age as a risk factor of OC. Regarding clinical signs of OC, 84.1% reported that OC can present as non-healing ulcer, but only two thirds of the participants recognized that OC can present as a white and/or red lesion. With respect to practices, although 92.1% reported asking their patients regarding oral habits, only 78% reported they regularly carry out a soft tissue examination. Only 54.5% of the participants considered themselves to be well-trained to provide smoking cessation advice, and 21% were confident regarding their knowledge on OC. The 5th year students showed significantly better knowledge and practices than the 4th year students did (p

Purpose. The aim of this study was to develop a competency framework based on entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in oral cancer management by postgraduate trainees in oral and maxillofacial surgery through expert consensus. Materials and Methods. The study design was based on a modified Delphi technique and involved iterative online surveys with two rounds of data collection and analysis. Initial development of the questionnaire identified five EPAs based on 42 competencies along with supervision level and assessment strategies. The first Delphi round involved administration of the survey questionnaire online to maxillofacial surgeons meeting the inclusion criteria for experts. Consensus was achieved on five EPAs and 36 competencies (≥80% response rate). Six competencies were rephrased and sent again in the Round 2 questionnaire to achieve a consensus. Results. A total of 45 experts participated in Round 1 followed by input from 27 experts in Round 2 of the Delphi panel. Following two iterative rounds of online surveys and feedback, expert consensus was achieved to develop an EPA framework in five EPA domains focused on the management of oral cancer by postgraduate trainees in maxillofacial surgery including 38 specific competencies, supervision level, and assessment strategies. High content validity of the study was established through a comprehensive literature search, and expert feedback was evidenced by an excellent response rate (93.34%, and 64.28%) and a stringent criteria of response agreement amongst experts (≥80%). Conclusion. In conclusion, this study employed expert consensus to identify five EPAs with 38 competencies along with the required supervision level of postgraduate maxillofacial trainees for the management of oral cancer. This EPA framework provides a roadmap for training supervisors to map the learning outcomes in oral oncology for postgraduate trainees in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are rare disorders involving multiple endocrine and non-endocrine organs. These are often difficult to diagnose, as the clinical presentation of these is insidious. We present a case where a 29-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department in a state of altered sensorium with a history of focal seizures. His clinical presentation further included hypotension, malaise, and diplopia. A detailed workup revealed multiple endocrine gland involvement, and a diagnosis of APS was made.

Recent cellular systems are moving towards heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) that consist of a mixture of miniature cells and legacy macro-cells to meet the requirements of wireless data traffic, owing to the immense amount of multi-purpose mobile applications. The inclusion of small cells is a cost-effective solution for enhancing the size and coverage of the existing macro-cellular network. This article assumes a heterogeneous cellular network consisting of two tiers of base stations (BSs): large-scale (macro) and small-scale (pico) BSs. The users are evenly distributed, and each tier of BSs and users create a uniform Poisson point process (PPP). Practical third-generation partnership project (3GPP) models for path loss are considered, and three camping/association criteria are utilized to relate user equipment (UEs) to large or small-scale BSs, including coupled and decoupled camping criteria to study coverage. The impact of several system design parameters on coverage is investigated using the aforementioned heterogeneous cellular network, association criteria, and 3GPP path loss models. Our simulation results provide insights into the effect of infrastructure sharing between macro and pico-cells and user density on coverage. We also explore the impact of fractional power control (FPC) and signaling limits on coverage under all considered association strategies. Finally, we investigate the effect of open-loop UE transmission power, pico-density, and biasing on coverage. Specifically, we thoroughly explore the effect of empty BSs on coverage under all system design parameters.

AbstractBackground/Aims Acute pancreatitis is a common condition of the digestive system, but sometimes it develops into severe cases. In about 10–20% of patients, necrosis of the pancreas or its periphery occurs. Although most have aseptic necrosis, 30% of cases will develop infectious necrotizing pancreatitis. Infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP) requires a critical treatment approach. Minimally invasive surgical approach (MIS) and endoscopy are the management methods. This meta-analysis compares the outcomes of MIS and endoscopic treatments.Methods We searched a medical database until December 2022 to compare the results of endoscopic and MIS procedures for INP. We selected eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported treatment complications for the meta-analysis.Results Five RCTs comparing a total of 284 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Among them, 139 patients underwent MIS, while 145 underwent endoscopic procedures. The results showed significant differences (p 0.05) in the RR for death, bleeding, incisional hernia, percutaneous drainage, pancreatic endocrine deficiency, pancreatic exocrine deficiency, or the need for enzyme use.Conclusions Endoscopic management of INP performs better compared to surgical treatment due to its lower complication rate and higher patient life quality.

ABSTRACTAims To explore the global trends in blended learning in undergraduate dental education during the COVID pandemic and during the recovery phase by engaging with the students and faculty and evaluate the implications for dental education in the post-COVID era.Methods It was a pilot cross-sectional study which employed a convenience sampling technique to recruit representatives of dental faculty and undergraduate students in 80 dental institutions globally. A previously validated questionnaire consisting of a combination of closed and open-ended items was used for data collection. Responses to these online questionnaires were processed and analysed using the R statistical computing environment.Results A total of 320 dental students and 169 faculty members from 47 different dental institutions participated in the study. Video and Live Online Tutorials were considered to be the most effective method of online learning followed by online question banks by both groups. Significant differences were noted between faculty and students regarding time spent and effectiveness of online teaching and learning, respectively, both before and after the start of COVID. The results highlight the faculty need to engage more closely with the students to address their learning needs. Finally, the participants provided several recommendations regarding the future development of teaching and learning strategies as well as assessments in the post-pandemic era.Conclusions This is the first study which explores blended learning in dental education with participants from multiple institutions in different regions of the globe. Compared to the faculty, students considered online learning to be less interactive and preferred learning activities and all assessments to be delivered face-to-face. The results underscore the need to adapt teaching practices to suit the learning needs of the students.