Search

Chromium Oxide thin layer were deposited on Glass fibre reinforcement Plastic(GFRP)composite substrates by Reactive RF Magnetron Sputtering. The influence of deposition parameters namely, deposition Temperature and Gas Flow Rate (Ar:O2) on chromium oxide thin films are examined. Crystal structure of sample and plane orientation was determined by X-Ray Diffraction. Temperature variations leads most stable peaks of Crystalline structure at 2θ = 22°. Wettability studies of water on GFRP composite are hardly ever done. In the present research study, contact angle of water on deposited Cr3O4 thin films was determined by Ramehart Goniometer. The deposited Cr3O4 film possessed hydrophobic nature with rise in deposition temperature and Gas Flow Rate. Highest contact angle carried out at 300 °C and Ar:O2 = 8:12 Standard cubic centimetres per minute (SCCM) in both the case which is equal to 98.9° .Moreover, Surface Roughness Tester was used to find the surface roughness of Cr3O4 Nanostructured films, which revealed that surface roughness increase with increase in the deposition temperature and Gas Flow Rate. Maximum Surface Roughness achieved at Ar:O2 = 8:12 Standard cubic centimetres per minute SCCM and 300 °C temperature which is 0.80 nm. The primary inspiration of the scientific exploration is to broaden the horizon of knowledge regarding the wettability of Cr3O4 thin films, which has wide range application in different industries.

The milling technique is one of the widely used processes in the industry. Rapid failures of tool, poor surface quality, large cutting force etc. are the major issues with the use of conventional milling tool. To overcome this coatings of hard material of nanometers in thickness on cutting tool improves its hardness and mechanical strength. Coating on cutting tools can be done by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and Physical vapour deposition (PVD). In this study PVD technique is used for depositing thin film on stainless steel milling tool as by this method cutting edge strength is maintained and produce smooth surface of the coating. The aim of this study is to investigate machining performance of titanium nitride (TiN) coated tool during milling of aluminium. The DC power of titanium was considered as 250 and 300 W. The phase identification of coatings developed was done by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The end milling operations under dry conditions is carried out using uncoated and uncoated mill bit at different spindle speeds to investigate the machining performance on cutting forces and surface finish. It is observed that TiN coating had a better machining performance in comparison with conventional tool. Coating minimizes the cutting force nearly by 30% and reduced the surface roughness.

The biodegradation of low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) is usually time-consuming, In the presence of Titania-nanoparticles, LDPE is photocatalytically degraded in smaller fragments afterward the bac...

The influence of oxygen flow rate is examined on structural, optical and tribological properties of molybdenum oxide films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and contact angle measurement system. The optical properties of the films were measured by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer and transmittance of ∼73% in the visible region of the spectrum was achieved. The band gap increases with increases in oxygen gas flow rate. AFM figure illustrates that the roughness of surface increases as oxygen flow rate increases. As oxygen increases wear rate and COF decreases while at the 18 sccm the lowest wear rate found.

Coatings of Chromium oxide were deposited on the substrate of GFRP (Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer) composite using RF magnetron sputtering. GFRP composites exposed to different environmental condition raises new challenges to its wetting surface, so the main aim of this research work is to develop a coating on the surface of GFRP composite in super hydrophobic manner. Chromium Oxide Films were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Roughness tester and Ramehart Goniometer. Wettability of the GFRP composite have been studied and compared the coated and uncoated GFRP composite. In addition, Ramehart goniometer was used for determining contact angle. Contact angle values was observed 84° to 98.4° experimentally with the change in target power. The results shows that Chromium Oxide (Cr2O3) coatings displays hydrophobic nature with the rise of target power and the contact angle of 98.40 is achieved corresponding to 290 W power. The thin film exhibited hydrophobic nature with the increase in target power.

Nanomaterials are being adapted in a number of applications for multiple domains such as optical components, biology and mechanical engineering. In several areas of technical applications including...

Nowadays due to advancement in nanotechnology, it is possible to prepare nanoparticles, which is very much useful to enhance the thermal properties of heat transfer fluids. A Nanofluid is advanced heat transfer fluid with dispersed nanoparticles in base fluid. This paper is about the experimental study carried out to study the effectiveness of conventional single slope solar still plant (CSP) integrated with parabolic trough collector (PTC) using Nanofluid. Experiments were carried for water and Al2O3/Water nanofluid with 0.05% and 0.1% volume fraction as a working fluid in the integrated system. The results show that pure water yield is remarkably increase using the integrated still plant. It is observed that maximum yield is found 1741 ml with 0.1% volume fraction Al2O3/Water nanofluid as working fluid for 2.5 cm saline water depth in 1 m2 basin. This shows approximately 66% and 70% rise in the yield and thermal efficiency respectively using Al2O3/Water nanofluid integrated solar still system than CSP.

Zirconia (Zirconium oxide) thin films were deposited on silicon and corning glass substrates by physical vapor deposition technique. In this experiment the influence of substrate temperature was investigated. The structural and Wettability properties characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurement system. The zirconia films crystallized in the monoclinic phases with (111) orientation, for different sputtering parameters. Average grain size found to be in range of 10–19 nm for different temperature. Surface roughness increases with change in substrate temperature. The surface energy and contact angle measured by contact angle measuring system, exhibited hydrophobic behaviour of zirconium oxide thin films.

In automobiles, the cooling system is essential in increasing engine performance. Conventional coolants like water and ethylene glycol have low thermal conductivity. Nanotechnology allows the development of a high thermal conductivity coolant named ‘nanocoolant’, a colloidal suspension. This study is focused on the effect of nanocoolant size on the radiator, which is also responsible for fuel consumption. To prepare nanocoolant two-step method was used, in which nanoparticles were prepared separately and dispersed in a base fluid under ultrasonic agitation. This research was carried out for the dispersion of Al2O3 in a water-ethylene glycol mixture with volume concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%. The experimentation was carried out on 180, 216, 288 and 360 mm tube-length radiators. The experiments were conducted at a coolant inlet temperature 65 °C, air velocity of 1.05 m/s, and volume rate of 4 to 9 litres per minute. The result shows that using 0.2% Al2O3 nanoparticles, the overall heat transfer coefficient was augmented by 43% more than the base fluid. It is also seen that for 0.6% volume fraction nanocoolant, approximately 65% reduction in frontal radiator area is possible, which leads to decrement in the drag force and pumping power.

This paper deals with synthesis of titanium based films on different substrates using reactive magnetron sputtering process. Titanium based films were deposited at different oxygen partial pressure using oxygen and nitrogen as reactive gases and helium as an inert gas. The flowrate of oxygen was varied with keeping other sputtering parameters constant. The structural characterization of titanium based films was done by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques. Contact angle goniometer was used to study the wettability properties of titanium based films that exhibited hydrophobic nature. Surface roughness of titanium based films was measured by atomic force microscopy and it was observed that with increase in flow rate of oxygen, the surface roughness decreases which resulted in lowering the contact angle of surface from 93.7° to 89.2°. Uv-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer was used to study the optical properties such as transmission and band gap of deposited titanium based films. Tribological properties were examined by using pin on disc tribometer and it showed better wear resistance for coated titanium based films with increase in flowrate of oxygen.

The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of DC power variation on structural, wettability and tribological properties of tantalum nitride coatings deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The X-ray diffraction graphs of tantalum nitride coating show evolution of various textures of tantalum nitride with an increase in DC power. Wettability test showed promising results for hydrophobicity as the DC power supply was increased from 230 to 430W. The lowest contact angle of 95.6° was achieved at DC power of 230W and the highest contact angle of 100.2° was achieved at 430W. The wear test was done on uncoated and tantalum nitride coated cylindrical pins of brass and mild steel. The pins showed improvement in wear resistance when coated with tantalum nitride.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been carried out to envisage the influence of different sputtering parameters on formation of reactive magnetron sputtered zirconium nitride films. The mingling behavior of argon and nitrogen gases inside the sputtering chamber was predicted utilizing a three dimensional Fluent-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code of ANSYS. Symmetry command was used to take advantage of minimizing calculation time. The results indicate that argon and nitrogen gases distribution highly depends upon the location of gas inlet ports used to release these gases inside the vacuum unit. This analysis may be helpful to adjust the geometry of vacuum unit as well as inlet port for gas flow that may facilitate the effective gas flow over the substrate. This may give the indication on type of formation for coating from the composition as well as deposition point of view.

Tantalum oxynitride thin films were prepared by reactive sputtering. The argon and nitrogen flow rate were kept stable whereas oxygen flow rate was incremented periodically. The effect of oxygen fl...

A three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study has been carried out using Fluent-ANSYS analysis package to predict the velocity profiles, pressure profiles, density profiles and concentration distribution of the process gas species (argon and nitrogen) across the sputtering chamber. Multiple species gas flow analysis has been performed to visualize the mixing behaviour of the process gases inside the deposition chamber. The results show that the location of gas inlet port and substrate has a greater influence on the gas distribution inside the chamber and over the substrate where the reactive gas will react to form coating. The numerical predictions done provides useful understanding of the multiple species process gas distribution and mixing behaviour at various gas flow rates in the sputtering chamber.

Zirconium Nitride coatings was developed by magnetron sputtering in the environment of argon as inert gas and nitrogen as reactive gas. In this work study the effect of sputtering power and working pressure on various properties like structural, optical and wettability of zirconium nitride coatings are reported. X-Ray diffraction was used to study the structural properties of Zirconium nitride coating which showed (321) peak of Zr3N4 which was consistent with all the samples prepared. Surface morphology was studied using SEM which showed that the deposited coatings had columnar structure. Optical properties studied using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer showed that the films deposited were transparent and showed a maximum transmittance of 75%. The wettability properties observed using contact angle goniometer showed a maximum of 107° and minimum of 98° contact angle which depicts that the coating deposited were hydrophobic.

Molybdenum oxide films were deposited by radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron sputtering. The study of surface structure and wettability with variations in deposition power and deposition time was carried out. The RF power was varied in the range of 125 W to 200 W, which led to evolution of (540), (001), (015), and (100) textures of molybdenum oxide. The X-ray diffractometer results show an increment of preferred orientation along the (001) plane for deposited molybdenum oxide films. The average crystallite size is within the range 17–18 nm with an increase of RF power from 125 W to 200 W and 19–31 nm with an increment in deposition time from 15 to 60 minutes. The outcome demonstrated that RF power and the time of deposition are the capacities that influence the static and dynamic contact angle framed by water and formamide. The surface roughness or unpleasantness increases in increments from 9.12 to 27.77 nm with an expansion in RF power from 125 W to 200 W and from 39.56 to 238.77 nm with increases in time of deposition from 15 min to an hour.

The aim of the present work is to deposit zirconium oxide thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. The influence of helium partial pressure on structural, optical and wettability properties are investigated. The structural properties were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction, which shows that the films deposited has (111) peak of Zirconium Oxide. The intensity of the peak increased with the increase in helium partial pressure. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer was used to study the optical properties of the films; the deposited films were transparent and had excellent transmittance of 95%. Surface roughness measured was in the range of 20.9nm to 21.8nm, the roughness of the deposited films decreased with increase in helium partial pressure. The wettability property measured using contact angle goniometer had a maximum contact angle of 94.1°, which proves that the deposited film has hydrophobic property when measured using water.

Nano-structured zinc oxide thin films were deposited on corning glass substrate by magnetron sputtering process. Zinc oxide films were deposited at different gas ratio values of argon:oxygen kept at 2sccm:18sccm, 6sccm:14sccm, 10sccm:10sccm and 14sccm:6sccm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique was used to characterize ZnO thin films. The XRD graphs indicate presence of (100) and (002) peaks for ZnO thin films. Contact angle and surface energy of nano-structured ZnO thin films were determined by contact angle goniometer. Zinc oxide films are hydrophobic by nature and their contact angle value varies from 98.3° to 102.1° with decrease in flow rate of oxygen gas and increase in argon gas flow rate. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer was used to characterize optical properties of ZnO thin films.

The aim of this paper is to study tribological properties of titanium nitride (TiN) coating deposited on various substrates by DC magnetron sputtering technique. The DC power of metallic titanium target was varied from 200 to 350 W at an increment of 50W. The effect of power variation on structure and surface morphology was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The tribological properties of coating were investigated using pin on disk apparatus. TiN coating exhibited a higher wear resistance and low coefficient of friction compared to uncoated substrates of mild steel, aluminum and brass.

The aim of this paper is to deposit zirconium oxide films by magnetron sputtering process at different argon partial pressure values of 45%, 55%, 62% and 67%. The effect of argon partial pressure on structural, optical and wettability properties of zirconium oxide films is investigated in this research work. The increase in argon partial pressure leads to increase in intensity of (111) peak for zirconium oxide thin films as observed by X-ray Diffraction. The average crystallite size of zirconium oxide films increases from 19 nm to 25 nm with increase in argon partial pressure. Wettability properties of zirconium oxide films such as contact angle and surface energy were determined by contact angle measuring system. The minimum transmission values above 63% were observed for all zirconium oxide thin films deposited at different argon partial pressure. Band gap and refractive index of zirconium oxide thin films varies as a function of argon partial pressure.

Thin films of titanium oxide were deposited on the substrate of corning glass using radio frequency magnetron sputtering, and the films were then annealed at temperature of 500°C, 650°C, and 800°C for 1 h. For the purpose of film characterization, X-ray diffraction technique was used; for the study of surface topography and wettability, atomic force microscope and commercial goniometer were used; and for the study of optical properties, ultraviolet visual light spectra was used. The measurement of wettability was performed after the storage of samples for significant time in a dark room and after sunlight exposure for 5 h in ambient conditions. It was observed that the unannealed sample showed an amorphous phase, whereas samples annealed from 500°C to 650°C showed formation of anatase. At 650°C, the rutile phase appeared, and at 800°C, the conversion of anatase phase to rutile phase was observed. Titanium oxide films, after storage in a dark room, showed a hydrophobic nature, but after white light exposure for 5 h, superhydrophilic properties with a contact angle up to 4° was obtained. The results showed that with an increase in anatase phase, hydrophilicity was enhanced, but with the conversion to rutile phase, a significant increment in the values of the contact angle was observed from 4° to 27°. The films showed a highly transparent surface with around 85 % transparency.

Nano-coating has become the focus of study in recent years because of its wide range of applications in several fields to obtain superior materials. By depositing a thin film with thickness ranging from nanometer to micrometer, an advanced material is developed. These advanced materials have properties like ultraviolet (UV) protection, self-cleaning properties, photocatalyst properties, and thermal resistance as well as thermal conductivity, higher reflectivity and transparency, wear resistance, and much more. All these properties depend upon the target materials used for the process and the formation of films. By obtaining a proper deposition process of selective target material, an enhanced component in the field of energy optimization, biological implants, mechanical instruments and tools, and thermal resistive surfaces that will have superior properties can be developed. These properties of an advanced material depend upon the chemical characteristic of the target material, the thickness of the film deposited, grain size and grain orientation, and surface morphology as a few of the important factors. In this review paper, the studies carried out by different scientists on titanium oxide as a target material to study the wettability properties, optical properties, and effect of annealing on wettability, effect of the phase of titanium oxide on wettability, and effect of UV irradiation on wettability have been reviewed. Different deposition processes, such as a physical deposition process as well as a chemical deposition process, have been considered.

Titanium nitride (TiN) coating deposited on aluminium and brass pin substrates using RF reactive magnetron sputtering. The structural properties and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). There was formation of (101) Ti2N, (110) TiN2 and (102) TiN0.30 peaks at 3.5Pa, 2Pa and 1.25Pa sputtering pressure respectively. The tribological properties of coating were inspected using pin on disc tribometer equipment. It was observed that TiN coated aluminium and brass pins demonstrated improved wear resistance than uncoated aluminium and brass pins.Titanium nitride (TiN) coating deposited on aluminium and brass pin substrates using RF reactive magnetron sputtering. The structural properties and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). There was formation of (101) Ti2N, (110) TiN2 and (102) TiN0.30 peaks at 3.5Pa, 2Pa and 1.25Pa sputtering pressure respectively. The tribological properties of coating were inspected using pin on disc tribometer equipment. It was observed that TiN coated aluminium and brass pins demonstrated improved wear resistance than uncoated aluminium and brass pins.

Tantalum Nitride (TaN) based coatings are well-known for their high temperature stability and chemical inertness. We have studied the effect of nitrogen flow rate variation on the structural and tribological properties of TaN based coating deposited by RF magnetron sputtering process. The nitrogen flow rate was varied from 5 to 30 sccm. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to determine structure and surface topography of coating. Pin on disc tribometer was used to determine tribological properties of coating. TaN coated brass and mild steel substrates shows higher wear resistance compared to uncoated substrates of brass and mild steel.Tantalum Nitride (TaN) based coatings are well-known for their high temperature stability and chemical inertness. We have studied the effect of nitrogen flow rate variation on the structural and tribological properties of TaN based coating deposited by RF magnetron sputtering process. The nitrogen flow rate was varied from 5 to 30 sccm. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to determine structure and surface topography of coating. Pin on disc tribometer was used to determine tribological properties of coating. TaN coated brass and mild steel substrates shows higher wear resistance compared to uncoated substrates of brass and mild steel.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of sputtering pressure variation on Molybdenum oxide thin films were deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering. The effect of sputtering pressure on structural and wettability properties of molybdenum oxide films was studied. The decrease of sputtering pressure from 4.5Pa to 1.5Pa which led to evolution of (540), (001) and (015) textures of molybdenum oxide. The XRD results show increment of preferred orientation along with (001) plane for deposited molybdenum oxide films. The average crystallite size is within range 10.09nm-27.39nm with decrease of sputtering pressure from 4.5Pa to 1.5Pa. The static contact angle formed by water and surface energy varies as a function of sputtering pressure. The surface roughness increases from 16.886 to 30.16 nm with decrease in sputtering pressure from 4.5Pa to 1.5Pa.

The nanotribological studies are needed to develop fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena on a smaller scale in nanostructures used in magnetic storage systems and other industrial applications. In several fields of technical application, e.g., in the automotive or aircraft industries, the reduction of friction and wear is a very important aspect with respect to longer lifetimes, increased service intervals and lower operation costs of tools, machines and other devices or mechanically loaded elements. Many researchers have studied tribological properties of various binary thin film materials to investigate various properties like adhesion, hardness and friction coefficients according to the respective applications. The different deposition techniques they used are Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering. Ion Beam Assisted Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition etc. Recently ternary nitride based coatings are invesitgated as they exhibit improved tribological, mechanical and thermal properties compared to binary nitride based coatings. This review paper is aimed to summarize tribological properties of three ternary nitride based coatings such as Titanium Aluminium Nitride, Titanium Vanadium Nitride and Titanium Molybdenum Nitride.

An unknown impurity in the fermentation-based drug substance lovastatin at 0.52 RRT was observed invariably in all batches when analyzed by HPLC as per the PhEur monograph. This impurity was isolated from the impurity-enriched sample using reversed-phase preparative HPLC and characterized by using spectroscopic (PMR, CMR, MASS, and UV) techniques as the structurally-related compound Monacolin-X, having the molecular formula C24H34O6 and the chemical name 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid 1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl ester.

Objectives: Investigation of enhancement in tribological properties of TiZrN coated brass substrate. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The magnetron sputtering was used to develop TiZrN coating on brass substrate by varying titanium (Ti) target power. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to do structural characterization of TiZrN coatings. Tribological properties of TiZrN coatings such as friction and wear were investigated by a pin on disc tribometer. Findings: The evolution of well intense (200) and (311) peaks of TiZrN coatings was observed with rise in power of titanium target. Increase of titanium power has a negligible effect on average crystallite size of TiZrN coatings and average crystallite size is around 4-5nm. TiZrN coatings are uniform, smooth and crack free as observed from SEM images for all samples. Tribological properties of TiZrN coatings were examined with testing parameters such as load and sliding distance. Application/Improvements: This coating may be useful for applications where low friction and wear is required such as gears, bearings, and electrical applications.

Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings were deposited on Si, corning glass, pins of mild steel (MS, ϕ3mm), aluminium (Al, ϕ4mm) and brass (ϕ6mm) substratesby DC magnetron sputtering. The argon and nitrogen (Ar:N2)gas ratio was precisely controlled by Mass Flow Controller (MFC) and was varied systematically at diffract values of 10:10,12:08, 16:04 and 18:02sccm. The structural properties of TiN coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and its surface topography was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The tribological properties of TiN coatings were investigated using pin-on-disc tribometer.

The main purpose of this research work is to explore the formation of chromium oxide-nitride coatings by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering using chromium as a target, oxygen and nitrogen as reactive gases, along with helium as an inert gas. The consequence of temperature variation on the formation of chromium oxide-nitride coatings and their properties is reported in this paper. The identification of respective oxide/nitride phases of chromium was done by X-ray diffraction. A wettability study of chromium oxide-nitride coatings was done using a contact angle–measuring system. Initially, at a lower deposition temperature of 200°C, the deposited films were amorphous. However, when the temperature was increased from 200°C to 600°C, the formation of crystalline films was observed, and its wettability behavior was transmuted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The influence of temperature variation on the tribological properties of mixed chromium oxide-nitride coatings is examined.

Zirconium nitride films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering using argon as inert gas and nitrogen as reactive gas. The nitrogen flow rate in argon:nitrogen ratio was increased from 4sccm to 20sccm by an increment of 4sccm. The effect of increment in nitrogen flow rate on various properties of deposited zirconium nitride films are reported in this paper. The structural characterization was done by X-Ray diffraction which confirms (011) peak of Zr3N4 and a very low intensity (111) peak of Zr3N4. Optical properties was investigated by Uv-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer which showed that the films were transparent and maximum transmittance observed was around 82%. The wettability properties was investigated by contact angle goniometer which showed the films were hydrophobic and maximum contact angle achieved was 99.50.

Zirconium oxide-nitride films was prepared by RF reactive magnetron sputtering in presence of helium, oxygen and nitrogen gases. The N2 gas flow rate was varied for each consecutive run of sputtering at values of 66, 72, 78, 84, and 90 sccm respectively. Zirconium oxide-nitride films showed structural variation in evolution of various textures as detected by X-ray diffraction. It showed good transmission values above 50% for all samples. Wettability studies of zirconium oxide-nitride films was done by contact angle goniometer. All samples depict hydrophobic behaviour as all films have contact angle values above 90° and as nitrogen gas flow rate increases, the films roughness as well as contact angle increases. Tribological test is done on zirconium oxide-nitride films coated on aluminium, brass and mild steel pins, which give excellent wear resistance compared to uncoated pins.

The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of various sputtering parameters such as velocity, mass flow rate on velocity profiles, pressure profiles, density profiles and concentration distribution of the process gases (argon and nitrogen) of zirconium nitride films deposited on glass and silica substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. A three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study has been carried out using Fluent-ANSYS commercial code to visualize the mixing behavior of process gases inside the deposition chamber. The results show that the location of gas inlet port has a greater influence on gas distribution inside the chamber where reactive gas will form coating. By having this information, one can able to modify the reactor geometry and gas flow openings along with its positions for better gas flow over the substrate which in turns gives an indirect indication of coating from the composition point of view.

As the industrial importance of rubber part has grown constantly during the last three decades, so have intensive experimental and theoretical investigations of the basic nature, properties and mechanical parameters of this manufacturing process. The vast advantage of knowledge based on analysis has helped the ongoing transition in the application of rubber extrusion process from an art to a science. In this paper, we explain the design and fabrication of a system comprising of extrusion die and O-ring die for silastic silicone rubber products. The initial part of the paper shows the procedure for designing extrusion die for a compressive material like rubber by analytical method. This design is further analysed using software Pro/E and ANSYS. The results of analysis have proved the stresses are in safe limits. In the 2nd part of the paper an attempt is made to fabricate an O-ring die for Silicone rubber.

This paper reports on tribological behavior of chromium based coating deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering process. The study is conducted on conventional tooling materials such as aluminum, brass and mild steel that were used as substrates. The tribological properties of uncoated pins of aluminum, brass and mild steel with same diameters and after applying chromium based coatings were measured by pin on disc tribometer. Conventional materials are subjected to high cyclic loading, friction, wear and fatigue resulting in high levels of abrasion. It was observed that application of chromium based coating prolongs the reliability and service lifespan of these conventional materials by enhancing their wear resistance.