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Szumna Klaudia, Piędel Faustyna, Jasielski Patryk, Habaj Kamila, Grosman Sylwia, Filip Agata. Cancer Stem Cells as a new promising approach of efficient oncological treatment - the review of literature. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(9):115‑120. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.013 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.09.013 https://zenodo.org/record/4016679 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.08.2020. Revised: 15.08.2020. Accepted: 06.09.2020. Cancer Stem Cells as a new promising approach of efficient oncological treatment - the review of literature Klaudia Szumna1, Faustyna Piędel1, Patryk Jasielski1, Kamila Habaj1, SylwiaGrosman1, Agata Filip2 Student's Association of Cancer Genetics in Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory. Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 19, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory. Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 19, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Klaudia Szumna; ORCID:0000-0002-0889-2627; klaudiadaria.szumna@gmail.com Faustyna Piędel; ORCID:0000-0002-8280-498X; faustyna.piedel@gmail.com Patryk Jasielski; ORCID: 0000-0002-0958-735X; patryk.jasielski111@gmail.com Sylwia Grosman; ORCID: 0000-0003-2126-6011; s.grosman@op.pl Kamila Habaj; ORCID: 0000-0002-1733-8046; habajkamila@gmail.com Agata Filip; ORCID: 0000-0001-7591-5887; A.filip@umlub.pl Summary: Introduction and purpose: For many years a lot of research projects have been conducted with the aim to discover special cells, which are responsible for a neoplasm development. One of the theories concerns cancer stem cells (CSCs). This theory presumes the existence of original, undifferentiated cancer cells. These cells are capable of transform to all types of cells in neoplasm mass. The purpose of this study was to review the currently available data about the theory of CSCs and especially potential usage of this theory in oncological treatment. Pubmed and Scopus databases from the last 10 years were searched for phrase “cancer stem cells”. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Impaired signaling pathways lead to an occurrence of CSCs which may contribute to the development of neoplasm eventually. It is proved, that gamma secretase inhibitors impede Notch signaling pathway, which leads to a decrease of tumour markers expression and consequently decline in vivo tumour growth. It is believed that epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histones alteration and RNA orientation are pivotal regulators of CSCs. It was shown, that histone deacetylases (HDAC) modulate refractoriness on chemotherapy in haematological tumours. It is also evidenced that peculiar designed microRNA directly inhibit CD44 which suppresses prostatic cancer stem cells and its metastases. CSCs have high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) including breast and colon cancer, which proclaims in favour of immunotherapy aimed on CSCs. Conclusions: Constantly growing knowledge about CSCs biology is creating new opportunities of detection, isolation and design of the therapies aimed on CSCs. Key words: Cancer stem cells, elective treatment, chemotherapy, remission.