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Three new species of Ulidia Meigen, 1826—U. amnoni n. sp., U. bartaki n. sp. and U. skry­lniki n. sp. from Afghanistan and Uzbekistan—are described and illustrated. The following synonymies are established: Ulidia facialis Hendel, 1931 =Ulidia salonikiensis Hering 1940, n. syn., =Timia persica Hennig 1965, n. syn., =Ulidia omani Steyskal 1970, n. syn. An improved key to species of Ulidia, with inclusion of some species currently assigned to Timia that cannot be placed to one or another genus with certainty, is provided.

Borkent, Art, Brown, Brian V., Adler, Peter H., Amorim, Dalton De Souza, Barber, Kevin, Bickel, Daniel, Boucher, Stephanie, Brooks, Scott E., Burger, John, Burington, Z.L., Capellari, Renato S., Costa, Daniel N.R., Cumming, Jeffrey M., Curler, Greg, Dick, Carl W., Epler, J.H., Fisher, Eric, Gaimari, Stephen D., Gelhaus, Jon, Grimaldi, David A., Hash, John, Hauser, Martin, Hippa, Heikki, Bernal, Sergio Ibáñez-, Jaschhof, Mathias, Kameneva, Elena P., Kerr, Peter H., Korneyev, Valery (2018): Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science. Zootaxa 4402 (1): 53-90, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3

Physiphora sericea (Hendel 1913) Figures 323���336. Chrysomyza sericea Hendel, 1913 b: 217; S��guy, 1941: 116. Physiphora sericea: Steyskal, 1980: 576; Kameneva & Korneyev, 2010: 630. Physiphora yerburyi: Steyskal, unpublished name; unavailable. Material. Type. Ethiopia: Holotype ♂: ��� Abyssinia, Kov��cs���, ���Dire Daua / 1911.11.19��� (HMNH) (not located, not examined). Non-type. India: Tamil Nadu, Dohnavur, 8 �� 28 ��� N 77 �� 35 ��� E, Tinnevelly Dt., 350 ���, 3. x. 1938, 1 ♀ (B.M.��� C.M. Expedition to S. India) (BMNH); Kenya: Tivi Beaches, 04�� 14 ���S, 39 �� 36 ���E, 17. iv. 1976, 1 ♀ (H. G��nget) (ZMUC); Namibia: Opuva Dist., 35 km E Epupa: Kunene River, 17 ��03��� 37 ��� S 13 �� 29 ��� 32 ��� E, 911. x. 1999, 1 ♀ (Kirk- Spriggs, Pape & Hauwanga) (NICW); Ombuku, 17 ��07���S 13 �� 22 ���E, Kaokoveld, 24.ii.��� 2. iii. 1995, 2 ♀; idem, 16 �� 59 ���S 13 �� 22 ���E, 25. ii. 1995, 1 ♀ (F. Koch) (MNKB); Sri Lanka: Trinkonali, at light, 20. ix. 1890, 2 ♀; Mahagany, 30. xi. 1890, 1 ♂ (Yerbury) (BMNH); ��� Ceylon ���, 1 ♂ (Horn) (DEI); Thailand: Pattaya, v. 1989, 2 ♂ (W. Schacht) (ZSSM); United Arab Emirates: Al-Ajban, light trap, 26.��i��� 27. iii. 2006, 1 ♀;. Fujairah, light trap, 13.v 5. vi. 2005, 1 ♀, 20.iv��� 7. v. 2006, 4 ♀; 2���30. i. 2006, 1 ♀; Hatta, light trap, 19���28. iii. 2006, 1 ♀; NARC, near Sweihan, light trap, 26.ii��� 2. iv. 2006, 2 ♂ (A. van Harten) (SIZK). Diagnosis. This species can be easily recognized from the combination of the fore basitarsomere entirely black or brown, frons satin black or brown with violet sheen and shiny anterolateral corners, parafrontal microtrichose spot long cuneiform, reaching anterior margin, and facial carina with ��-shaped microtrichose area. It is superficially very similar to P. elbae, readily different from it by the coloration of the fore metatarsus (widely creamy yellow or white in P. sericea) and structure of male phallus glans with extremely long reclinate basalmost lobe (without long lobes in P. elbae ��� Figs. 114���116). Description: Head (Figs. 324���325) brown to black, with facial and gena brown to dark brown. Frons 1.1 times as long as wide, black or brown (sometimes yellowish brown anteriorly), subshining, opalescent with violet or bluish tinge, antero-lateral corners shining, long cuneiform parafrontal microtichose spot reaching anterior margin (Fig. 325) and no differentiated calluses posterior to its middle; sparsely and inconspicuously yellow setulose in anterior half. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle shining black with greenish sheen; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face mostly black, except facial carina partly brown, rugulose, with white ��-shaped microtrichose area separated from microtrichose antennal grooves. Gena 1 / 3 ��� 2 / 5 times as high as eye; parafacial and facial ridge each with white microtrichose stripe; gena posteriorly without white microtrichose mark separating it from partly brown or black postgena (Fig. 325). Occiput entirely black. Medial vertical seta half as long as frons width, 1.4���1.5 times as long as lateral vertical, 4 times as long as ocellar and orbital and 3 times as long as postocellar setae. Antenna brown to black; flagellomere 1 rounded apically, 1.8���2.3 times as long as wide, greyish microtrichose; arista bare, brown or yellowish brown in basal 1 / 5, remainder black. Clypeus black. Palp black, grey microtrichose and black setose. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Fig. 324). Scutum and scutellum black, densely rugulose, subshining, with green tinge and light cyan to golden and reddish reflections; antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle, transverse suture, supra-alar and postalar parts of scutum, anterior half of anepisternum and katepisternum, and whole anepimeron shining black, with faint golden sheen; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum and katepisternum shagreened; postscutellum black, gray microtrichose; postero-ventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; anatergite, katatergite and lateroventral parts of mediotergite grey microtrichose. Mesonotal scutum with acrostichal and dorsocentral rows of setulae; acrostichal seta indistinguishable; dorsocentral setae hair-like; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum densely rugulose, with deep blue or violet reflection, apparently bare or with very short and sparse setulae and 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly closed; apical section of M slightly arcuate (Fig. 326). Postero-apical extension of cell cup 0.8���0.9 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 2.5��� 3 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 2.5��� 4 mm. Legs. Black except mid- and hind tarsi yellow except two apical tarsomeres brownish; all setae black; fore femur postero-ventrally with 3���4 slightly thickened short setae in apical half. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites black, finely rugulose, with golden reflection; all setulae black; abdominal tergite 1 basally very sparsely microtrichose; female abdominal tergite 2 with pair of dimple-like structures laterally (Figs. 327, 333). Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Fig. 330, with short nipple-like structures, phallus with stipe as long as preglans and glans combined; caecum 2.5 times as long as stipe width; preglans without spinules or spines, glans with extremely long and wide reclinate basalmost lobe and 3 needle-like subapical lobes (Figs. 328��� 329). Hypandrium (Fig. 331) asymmetric. Female terminalia as described for P. alceae; aculeus 9���10 times as long as wide at base (Figs. 334���335); 3 spherical spermathecae as on Fig. 336. Distribution. Eastern and Southern Africa, Arabian and Hindustan Peninsula, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Biology unknown., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 69-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora spriggsi sp. n. Figures 350���361. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: Namibia: 1 ♂ Schwakopmund, N-part of Namib-Naukluft Park Welwitschiaflakte ���Big Welwitschia���, 9.ii. 1997 (W. Wetschning) (ZSSM); Paratypes: Namibia: 6 ♂: L��deritz, Scorpion Area, 27 �� 33 ��� S 16 �� 36 ��� E, alighting on fresh gemsbok dung, 9���12.viii. 1997 (Marais & Kirk-Spriggs) (NICW; SIZK); 1 ♀: L��deritz Dist., Klinghardts Mtns. at 27 �� 20 ��� 04���S, 15 �� 46 ��� 00���E, Malaise trap sample, 27.viii��� 3.ix. 1998 (Kirk-Spriggs & Marais); 2 ♂: Diamond Area, Kaukausib Riverbed, 26 �� 53 ��� S 15 �� 25 ��� E, ���Preserv. Traps���, 10���22.viii. 1983 (J. Irish & E. Griffin); 2 ♂: Swakopmund Area, Lower Ostrich Gorge, 22 �� 30 ��� S 14 �� 58 ��� E, ���Preserv. Traps���, 5.vi��� 3.vii. 1984 (J. Irish & J. Liessner); 1 ♂: ���Riverside 135, Bethanie, SE 2616 Cs���, 2326. x. 1971 (NICW); South Africa: 1 ♀: ���OFS, Harrismith Dist., Mononstscha-hek���, 28 �� 35 ���S, 28 �� 41 ���E, 31.i. 1995 (Ent. Dept.) (BMSA). Diagnosis. This species can be recognized from the combination of wide, often pitted or rugose frons and gena, flat, non-microtrichose, and wide facial carina at least as wide as antennal grooves, which are deep and wellbordered (similarly to species of the genus Timia), in combination with brightly golden-green, shining, densely shagreened thorax, whitish setulose anepisternum, narrowly opened cell r 4 + 5 and creamy white fore basitarsomere. It is similar to P. tarsata and P. rugosa in having shallowly dotted or wrinkled frons and very wide facial carina, but clearly differs from them by very wide facial carina without white microtrichose areas, and mesonotum moderately rugulose, with strong green sheen with golden (violet to reddish at oblique view) reflections. Description. Head (Figs. 350���352) black, with frons, face and gena variable coloured, brownish yellow to black. Frons wide, 0.9���1.0 times as long as wide, reddish brown to dark brown or black, shining with moderately small round parafrontal microtichose spot not reaching anterior margin (Fig. 352), shallowly (in smaller specimens) or deeply pitted (in larger specimens), with poorly expressed calluses, conspicuously whitish setulose. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle always shining black; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face brown, facial carina very wide (usually as wide as antennal groove), with steep lateral margins and smooth, shining brown or black surface, conspicuously projected anteriorly in dorsal half, without any microtrichose pattern except deep in antennal grooves; epistome shining brown to black, lateral sides of face high, yellowish brown to black. Gena brown, ������� times as high as eye; facial ridge and parafacial subshining brown, wide and wrinkled in larger specimens, almost smooth in smaller ones, facial ridge with whitish setulae, orbit between parafacial and gena with short microtrichose streak; gena posteriorly without microtrichose mark (Fig. 350). Occiput black with partly brown postgenae. Medial vertical seta 0.3 times as long as frons width, 1.5 times as long as lateral vertical, 3 times as long as ocellar, orbital, and 2.5 times as long as postocellar setae. Antenna yellowish brown to dark brown, almost entirely deepened in antennal groove; flagellomere 1 brown, rounded apically, twice as long as wide, greyish microtrichose; arista bare, brown to dark brown in basal 1 / 6, remainder black. Clypeus black. Palp black, grey microtrichose and black setose. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Figs. 350���351). Scutum black, roughly shagreened, shining, with golden-green (to cyan, deep violet or red, depending on angle) sheen; antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle, supra-alar and postalar parts of scutum, anteriormost parts of anepisternum and katepisternum, and whole anepimeron smooth shining black; posterior parts of anepisternum and katepisternum shagreened; postscutellum black, gray microtrichose; postero-ventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; anatergite, katatergite and lateroventral parts of mediotergite sparsely grey microtrichose; medial part of mediotergite finely shagreened, with green or golden reflection. Scutum with acrostichal, dorsocentral, and intra-alar rows of fine whitish setulae; anepisternum with numerous fine white setulae; acrostichal seta lacking, dorsocentral seta hair-like, often indistinguishable; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum rugulose shining golden green, apparently bare or apparently bare or with indistinguishable setulae; 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Hyaline, with yellowish veins; pterostigma pale yellow, cell r 4 + 5 narrowly closed, apical section of M slightly arcuate. Postero-apical extension of cell cup short, 0.3���0.5 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 1.5 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 3.0���4.2 mm. Legs. Black except fore tarsus with basitarsomere creamy white in basal 4 / 5, sometimes its base also very narrowly darkened; mid- and hind femora and tibiae entirely brown or black; mid and hind tarsi yellow except 2 or 3 last tarsomere dark brown; all setae black; fore femur not swollen, postero-ventrally with 6���7 almost nonthickened short setae in apical half; all tibiae with semierect whitish setulae in addition to appressed black. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites shining black with golden reflection; all setulae black; abdominal tergite 1 basally sparsely grey microtrichose; female tergite 2 black setulose, with inconspicuous dimple-like structures. Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Fig. 356, cerci narrow-bar-like, without nipple-like structures; only large alveolae marking their positions instead (Fig. 356���357), phallus (Fig. 354) with stipe slightly widened and a little longer than preglans and glans; preglans smooth; glans with 5���6 short lobes (Fig. 355). Hypandrium (Fig. 358) asymmetric, with well developed vanes of phallapodeme). Female terminalia. Aculeus (Fig. 360) 10 times as long as wide at base (cercal unit broken off in both known females); three spherical spermathecae present (Fig. 361). Distribution. Southern Africa. Biology. Adult flies are attracted to fresh antilopa���s (gemsbok) dung. Etymology. The species is named in honour of its collector, South African dipterist Ashley Kirk-Spriggs, in recognition of his contribution into taxonomy of Physiphora., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 74-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora igniceps sp. n. Figures 181���193. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: Namibia: L��deritz, Scorpion Area, 27 �� 33 ��� S 16 �� 36 ��� E, alighting on fresh gemsbok dung, 9���12.viii. 1997 (Marais & Kirk-Spriggs) (NICW). Paratypes: 1 ♂: Namibia: L��deritz, Scorpion Area, 27 �� 33 ��� S 16 �� 36 ��� E, alighting on fresh gemsbok dung, 9���12.viii. 1997 (Marais & Kirk-Spriggs) (SIZK); 1 ♀ (headless), L��deritz, Boomriver, 28 ��01��� S 17 ��04��� E, pitfall trap, 13���26.xi. 1992 (E. Marais); 1 ♂, Bethanien, Mara 114, SE 2717 cd, 68. x. 1974 (collector unknown), 1 ♂, 1 ♀, idem, 27 �� 54 ��� S 17 �� 19 ��� E, in cave, 24.xi. 1992 (E. Marais) (NICW); 1 ♂, Boom River canyon, 4 km of Orange River (ESE of Rosh Pinah), 28.00,5S 17.03 E, 200 m, collected (by beating) from (Fabaceae), Acacia carroo, 25���30.x. 1996 (M. & A. Wedd) (SANC). Diagnosis. This species can be recognized from the head large, orange yellow, except dorsal halves of occiput black; vertex and medial sclerite as well as postgena yellow; scutum matt green to bronze; fore and hindfemur brown in basal half and brownish yellow apically, mid and hindtibia yellow; fore basitarsomere creamy, except brown apical 1 / 8; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly open. This species is similar to P. kirki sp. n., sharing widely yellow frons and face, wide and sharply limited facial ridge (however, with black vertical plates and face, and matt frons in P. kirki sp. n.), as well as densely rugulose (almost matt) mesonotum, clearly differing by widely yellow femora, tarsi and fore metatarsus (entirely black femora, tarsi and fore metatarsus in P. kirki sp. n.) and widely lobate preglans and glans (preglans smooth and glans with narrow claw-like lobes in P. kirki sp. n.). Description. Head (Figs. 182���183) orange yellow, except dorsal halves of occiput black. Frons 0.95���1.1 times as long as wide, yellow to orange yellow, subshining, with short round parafrontal microtichose spot not reaching anterior margin, mostly smooth, with deep medial impression and poorly differentiated calluses posterior to its middle (Fig. 183), with short and fine yellowish setulae dispersed in anterior half and between medial and lateral calluses in posterior half. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle yellow or brownish yellow; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face entirely yellow, only bottom of antennal groove microtrichose. Facial carina wide (1.1���1.5 time as wide as flagellomere 1), with sharply abrupted margins at antennal grooves; in profile, produced in dorsal ��, incised in medial part; entirely subshining yellow without microtrichia; lateral corners of face very high. Gena half as high as eye; parafacial and gena yellow; parafacial with narrow white microtrichose stripe; gena without microtrichose mark; postgena yellow (Fig. 182). Occiput with black transverse mark; medial sclerite (except supracervical area) and postgena yellow. Medial vertical seta 0.4 times as long as frons width, as long as lateral vertical and 5���6 times as long as ocellar, orbital and 1.5 times as long as postocellar setae. Antenna yellow to brownish yellow; flagellomere 1 rounded apically, twice as long as wide, white microtrichose; arista bare, yellow in basal 1 / 5, remainder black. Clypeus yellow. Palp brownish yellow to brown, grey microtrichose and black setose. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Fig. 184). Scutum and scutellum black, densely rugulose, almost matt, with faint golden-green or reddish tinge; antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle, transverse suture, prescutellar groove, supra-alar and postalar parts of scutum, anterior half of anepisternum and katepisternum, and whole anepimeron shining black; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum and katepisternum shagreened; supra-alar area and tympanal fossa black, postscutellum black, gray microtrichose; postero-ventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; anatergite, katatergite and lateroventral parts of mediotergite sparsely grey microtrichose. Mesonotal scutum with indistinguishable acrostichal row of setulae in anterior part and clearly expressed dorsocentral rows of setulae; acrostichal seta lacking; dorsocentral setae hair-like; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum clightly convex, densely rugulose, with golden green or reddish reflection, apparently bare, without visible setulae and 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow or partly brownish veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly opened, apical section of M arcuate (Fig. 185). Postero-apical extension of cell cup 1.5 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 3 ���3.5 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 4.8���5.3 mm. Legs. Coxae black; fore and hind femora dark brown in basal 1 / 2 ��� 2 / 3, brownish-yellow apically, mid mefur mostly brownish yellow, brown in postero-ventral 1 / 3; fore tibia mostly dark brown, mid and hind tibia yellow to brownish yellow; fore tarsus with metetarsus yellow, except apical 1 / 6 black, and other tarsomeres black; mid and hind tarsi brownish yellow; all setae black; fore femur postero-ventrally with 6���7 stout setae in apical two-thirds. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites shining black, with golden-green reflection, laterally sparsely micropapillose; all setulae black; abdominal tergite 1 basally grey microtrichose; female abdominal tergite 2 with pair of large dimple-like structures laterally. Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Figs. 187���193, cerci with moderately large triangular nipple-like structures, phallus with stipe almost as long as preglans and glans; preglans with large, petal-like flattened lobes, glans with 2���3 wide petal-like and 2���3 narrow claw-like lobes (Figs. 187���188). Hypandrium (Fig. 192) asymmetric. Female terminalia not dissected. Distribution. Namibia. Biology unknown. Adults attracted to antilopa���s dung and at light. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin ���ignis���, fire, and ���caput���, head., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora sp. A A fly similar but not identical to P. violacea has been recently collected and photographed in Townsville (Queensland) (Cocks 2015). The photographs clearly show that the female has body coloration and wing venation as in P. violacea, but the parafrontal microtrichose spots are elongate, cuneiform, reaching anterior margin of frons. As no males are available, this specimen cannot be identified to species; there is a possibility that it belongs to an undescribed species. Further material, including males, is to be studied., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora polita sp. n. Figures 300���312. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: Gambia: Bakau, at tropic bungalow, swept in meadow rich in flowers at the beach, 6���18.xi. 1977, (Cederholm, Danielsson, Hammerstedt, Heqvist & Samuelsson) (ZMLU). Paratypes: 1 ♂: Central African Republic: ���Coll. Mus. Tervuren / Rep. Centrafricaine: Bambari / III. 1966 / G.Pierrard��� (MRAC); Congo (Za��re): 27 ♂, 30 ♀: ���Musee du Congo / Eala [0�� 40 ��� N 18 �� 17 ��� E] / VIII��� 1935 / J. Ghesquiere���; 1 ♀: ���Congo-belge, Eala���, 22 -viii- 1935 / J. Ghesquiere��� (MRAC); 9 ♂, 10 ♀: ���Musee du Congo / Eala / IX��� 1935 / J. Ghesquiere��� (MRAC; SIZK); C��te-d���Ivoire: 2 ♂, 1 ♀: ���Museum Paris / C��te-d���Ivoire, Lamto / 1���7 [10] 71 / Leg. D. Lachaise���, ���c t M���Bra���; 2 ♂:���Lamto (Tumodi) C��te-d���Ivoire / 5.v. [19] 66 ��� (Vuattoux); 1 ♂: ���C��te-d���Ivoire, Lamto / 10.iv. 1968 / Mic Boulard Rec���, ���foret galerie du bandama��� (MHNP); Kenya: 1 ♂: ���Afr. or. Angl. (WA���TAITA) / Bura / Alluaud & Jeannel, / Mars 1912 / 1050 RD St. 61 ���, ���Coll. Hendel��� (NHMW). Nigeria: 3 ♀: ���N. Nigeria / Zaria, Samaru / 17.IV. 1986 / Deeming��� (USNM). Diagnosis. P. polita sp. n. belongs in the group of species differing by entirely brown or black fore basitarsomere together with P. chalybea, P. euphorbiana, P. sericea, P. smaragdina, and P. virens sp. n., differing from them by the combination of shining cyan to purple mesonotum (dull green in other species), entire transverse microtrichose band on face (��-shaped, isolated from antennal grooves in P. sericea and P. smaragdina), dark brown or black frons with elongate oval orbital spot of microtrichia (pitchy black in P. euphorbiana and P. sericea, with large subrectangular area of microtrichia in the first, and cuneiform spot in the second; brownish yellow to dark brown, with short semicircular area of microtrichia in P. chalybea and P. smaragdina), and the phallus with moderately sparse and large spines on preglans (without spines in all other species with black fore metatarsus). Description: Head (Figs. 301���303). Frons 1.3���1.4 times as long as wide, shining brown, with elongate oval parafrontal microtichose spots and two pairs of poorly expressed calluses posterior to its middle and anterior half slightly concave and sparsely, very finely yellowish setulose. Vertical plates shining black, bearing 2 pairs of black, short, slightly reclinate orbital setae. Ocellar triangle black. Face brown, dorsal half of facial carina and antennal grooves entire transverse gray microtrichose crossband. Lunule shining yellow. Facial carina with entire transverse microtrichose crossband (Fig. 303). Facial ridge, parafacial and gena shining orange or brown, gena 1 / 3 times as high as eye; parafacial and facial ridge with white microtrichose stripe each. Epistome brown to black at middle, with greenish sheen. Occiput black, usually with brown area behind ocellar triangle and widely brown postgena; orbit posteriorly without microtrichose stripe. Medial vertical seta 0.6 times as long as frons width, 1.2 times as long as lateral vertical and 4���5 times as long as ocellar, orbital and 3 times longer than postocellar setae. Antenna yellowish brown, greyish microtrichose; flagellomere 1 rounded apically, 1.9���2.0 times as long as wide; arista bare, yellow in basal 1 / 6, remainder black. Clypeus brown to black. Palp brown to black, gray microtrichose, with moderately long black setulae. Mouthparts black. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum brown to black, with strongly shining cyan to violet, green and green to golden metallic sheen, finely shagreened, without rugulose areas (Figs. 301���302); supra-alar area and tympanal fossa subshining, postscutellum black, gray microtrichose; postero-ventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area. Mesonotal scutum with fine brown setulae, forming medial (acrostichal) row, pair of regular dorsocentral and intra-alar rows; acrostichal setae either lacking or not differentiated from other setulae; one pair of hair-like dorsocentral setae. One postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar setae strong, black. Scutellum with green and cyan sheen, with very fine and short whitish setulae and 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing (Fig. 304). Entirely hyaline, with yellow veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly closed, not forming petiole; posteroapical extension of cell cup 1.5 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 3���4 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Length: 3.7���4.5. Legs. Dark brown, including whole fore tarsus; mid- and hind tarsi creamy white to yellow; all setae black; fore femur postero-ventrally with 7���8 thickened, short setae in apical half. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites black, with very bluish reflection, tergite 1 grey microtrichose at base; female tergite 2 with pair of dimple-like structures laterally. Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Figs. 308���309, with wide triangular nipple-like structures; hypandrium asymmetric; phallus with stipe longer than preglans and glans; preglans with 15���20 moderately sparse and large spines; glans with one hook-like and one nail-like lobe (the latter at apex of membranous lobe) and 3���4 uncategorized sclerotized structures (Figs. 306���307). Female terminalia (Figs. 311���312) as described for P. clausa. Distribution: Subsaharan Africafrom Gambia and C��te-d���Ivoire to Kenya and Congo. Biology unknown. Remarks. Some specimens in USNM and possibly other collections with Steyskal���s identification labels ��� Physiphora deemingi��� (unpublished name) actually belong to this species. Etymology. The specific epithet ��� polita ��� (Latin ���polished���) reflects shiny appearance of the body and was originally proposed by Hendel on a label of a male of this species from Kenya (MHNW), as ��� Chrysomyza polita ���, but the species with this name has never been described or published., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 64-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora tarsata (Macquart 1851) Figures 374���379. Ulidia tarsata Macquart, 1851 a: 274; 1851 b: 301. Physiphora tarsata: Steyskal, 1980: 576. Material. Type. Syntypes 6 ♂ ♀: Reunion: [��� Ile Bourbon��� (Bigot)���] ��� Ulidia tarsata / Macq. n. sp.���, ��� U. tarsata / ex coll. Bigot���, ��� Syntype ��� [blue-bordered circle] (UMO). Diagnosis. P. tarsata is similar to P. obscura and P. rugosa sp. n. in the combination of the fore basitarsomere white, mesonotum densely rugulose, dull green, with shining black postpronotal lobe and margins of transverse suture, differing from them by the frons strongly pitted in anterior half (smooth in P. obscura, wrinkled in P. rugosa sp. n.). Description. Head (Figs. 374���376) black, with brown, strongly pitted anterior half and wrinkled posteriorly frons 1.2 times as long as wide, with large oval parafrontal microtichose spot not reaching anterior margin (Fig. 376). Vertical plates and ocellar triangle dark brown to black, with green reflection; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face brown, facial carina brown or black pattern, face apparently with entire transverse microtrichose band; epistome black, shagreened, with without metallic greenish reflection. Gena dark brown, 1 / 3 times as high as eye; facial ridge and parafacial not examined; gena posteriorly without microtrichose mark (Fig. 374). Occiput black. Antenna brown. Clypeus black. Palp and mouthparts black. Thorax (Fig. 374). Scutum black, densely rugulose, almost matt, with green sheen; antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle, transverse suture, supra-alar and postalar parts of scutum, anterior half of anepisternum and katepisternum shining black; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum and katepisternum shagreened. Mesonotal scutum with dorsocentral rows of setulae; dorsocentral setae hair-like; other setae moderately long, black, as in P. alceae. Scutellum densely rugulose, usually with deep green reflection, with 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow or partly brownish veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly closed, apical section of M slightly arcuate (Fig. 378). Postero-apical extension of cell cup 1.4 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 3 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Legs. Black except fore tarsus with basitarsomere creamy white in basal 5 / 6; mid- and hind femora yellowish brown in apical 1 / 5, mid and hind tibiae entirely brown; mid and hind tarsi yellow except last tarsomere brown; all setae black. Abdomen black. Male and female postabdomen not examined. Distribution. Reunion. Biology unknown. Remarks. This species was examined, photographed and very briefly described by VAK during his visit to Oxford in 2005, and have not been re-examined during this study; the description above is incomplete and needs further study of material., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 Physiphora Fall��n, 1810: 11. Type species: Chrysomyza splendida Fall��n, 1817 (= Musca alceae Preyssler, 1791), by subsequent monotypy in Fall��n, 1817: 3. Chrysomyza Fall��n, 1817: 3. Type species: Chrysomyza splendida Fall��n, 1817 (= Musca alceae Preyssler, 1791), by monotypy. Cliochloria Enderlein, 1927: 103. Type species: Musca aenea Fabricius, 1794 (= Ulidia clausa Macquart, 1843), by original designation. Diagnosis. The genus possesses all the diagnostic characters of the tribe Ulidiini: veins R 1 and R 4 + 5 bare, cell cup with triangular lobe along vein A 1, female abdominal tergites 4���6 without anteromedial apodemes, female tergite and sternite 6 very short and transverse, gonites bearing no setulae, strongly asymmetrical: right gonite forming projection, left gonite flat and vestigial anteroventral cornua of hypandrium connected to lateral projections of phallus (epiphallus?), phallus very large, mostly bare, with membranous extension at middle of its length (caecum) and apical part with glans, formed by modified spines or scales; epandrium and surstyli separated by seam; subepandrial sclerite (= bacilliform sclerite, decacternum) v-shaped, consisting of two anteriorly joined stripe-like sclerites more or less uniformly covered by setae, male cerci flat and not protuding posteriorly, female ovipositor with long taeniae and fine scales on eversible membrane; aculeus with moderately long, setulose and sclerotized segment 8 and oval, long setulose cercal unit; vagina with simple, bar-like ventral receptacle; 3 spherical spermathecae, one at right side and two on Y-shape bifurcated common duct at left side. Species of Physiphora can be easily distinguished from the species of Ulidia Meigen and Timia Wiedemann by the combination of ventro-laterally opened antennal grooves, entirely greenish or bluish metallic body without long setulae, hyaline wings with long lobe of cell cup. From superficially similar, metallic greenish species of the genus Euxesta Meigen (tribe Lipsanini), species of Physiphora can be distinguished from the combination of hyaline wings with long lobe of cell cup (usually with dark pattern and short lobe of cup in Euxesta), scutum largely bare, with setulae restricted mostly to dorsocentral and supra-alar rows (evenle distributed over scutum in Euxesta), phallus with glans (simple tubular phallus without glans in Euxesta) and having 3 spermathecae (2 spermathecae in Euxesta). More extended comparative diagnosis is as follows: antennal grooves entirely opened ventro-laterally (in all Ulidia and Timia antennal grooves deeply impressed and sharply delimited also ventro-laterally); thorax and abdomen with strong metallic golden, green, blue or purple sheen (at most abdomen with greenish metallic sheen in some Timia), dorsally at most sparsely or non-setulose without large microtrichose fields (usually densely and long setulose in Ulidia and Timia and often largely white microtrichose in Timia), wing with long triangular lobe of cell cup at least as long as vein Cu 2 +A 1 (usually with short lobe in Ulidia and most Timia), wing entirely hyaline (except in P. meyi sp. n., possessing small dark spot at R 4 + 5 and M junction with costa; in Ulidia and Timia often widely darkened, but dark pattern, if present, not exceeding cell r 2 + 3); frons with pair of white microtrichose parafrontal spots at sides (frons either entirely shining or widely microtrichose in Ulidia and Timia); compound eye green with four purple bands in live specimens (uniformly greenish or reddish in all Ulidia and Timia); fore metatarsus often white (dark in most Ulidia and Timia, if yellow, not densely white setulose); male postabdomen with very narrow, stripe-like cerci bearing a pair of ventrally directed nipple-like projections (large and lobate in Ulidia and Timia, without such projections); spermathecae spherical, with short invaginated ���necks��� (in examined species of Ulidia and Timia ovoid with long ���neck��� deeply invaginated into spermatheca). Description. Body mostly black, usually with strong blue, green, golden to purple or red metallic sheen (Figs. 28, 53, 60, 72, 89, 138, 181, 217, 300, 342, 350, 395). Head at most a little higher than long. Frons smooth (Figs. 13���14, 16) or rarely pitted (Figs. 15, 21, 62) or wrinkled (Figs. 22���24), entirely yellow (Fig. 19), reddish or brownish yellow with black, often greenish shining vertical plates and ocellar triangle (Figs. 11, 12, 18, 21, 58, 62) to entirely black (Figs. 10, 14, 22, 27, 44); frontal vitta usually with a few short, often inconspicuous setulae (Figs. 15, 62), in posterior part often with four low longitudinal swellings (Figs. 29, 44, 57, 196, 220), usually with a pair of spots of whitish microtrichia (Figs. 13��� 18), rarely with large microtrichose areas (Figs. 10���12). Vertical plates with 2 short orbital setae; ocellar triangle with pair of short ocellar setae. Face usually saddle-like, slightly concave in profile (Figs. 61, 74), sometimes with wide facial carina, more or less produced anteriorly, abruptly separated from antennal grooves (Figs. 183, 196, 352); dorsal part of face either with entire white microtrichose band covering antennal grooves and facial carina (Figs. 25, 29, 73, 95, 128, 144, 170, 294, 303, 383, 397), with shallow, gray microtrichose antennal grooves, often with narrow, shining bare areas, separating ��-like white microtrichose pattern on carina from microtrichiae on grooves (Figs. 26, 43, 55, 109, 111, 208, 265, 278); ventral half of face either yellow, brown, medially or entirely black, sometimes with metallic blue or green sheen (Figs. 55, 58, 62, 95, 220). Parafacial bare or with longitudinal stripes of white microtrichia; gena bare, rarely with patches of microtrichia. Occiput mostly black, sometimes yellow or orange dorso-medially (Figs. 89, 150, 293). Pedicel short. Scape with incision, but without notch; one long pedicellar seta and 10���12 short setulae. First flagellomere oval, not over 2.2���2.7 times as long as wide, rounded at apex; arista 3 -segmented. Palp flattened oval, not widened apically, usually as long and as wide as flagellomere 1, white microtrichose, with 12���15 lateral and ventral setae almost as long as palp width. Compound eye of Physiphora golden greenish with several purplish stripes, often with two pairs of dilations medially (Figs. 28���29, 56, 89, 94, 107, 148, 182���183, 231, 244, 247, 276, 278, 313, 315, 382��� 383), well visible in live, freshly killed or moistured flies, but usually indistinguishable in dry specimens. Some eye patterns have been described and figured by Hendel (1909: Abb. 1���8). Thorax entirely black, mostly with metallic greenish, copper, golden, blue or purple sheen. Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta and 3���5 setulae; proepisternum with one long and 7���8 shorter setae. Prosternum transverse, trapezoidal, without conspicuous setae. Mesonotum with scutum and postero-dorsal part of anepisternum more or less densely shagreened, from almost glossy (Figs. 219, 302, 382), sparsely rugulose and shining (Figs. 351, 396) to densely rugulose, subshining with metallic sheen (Figs. 277, 293, 314, 324, 344) to matt black with dull green or blue tinge (Figs. 169, 264, 374). Anterior part of mesonotal scutum and postero-dorsal part of anepisternum setose; rest of scutum usually bare, sometimes with dorsocentral and acrostichal row of very fine and short setulae (Figs. 30, 63, 75, 89, 126, 142) or, rarely, evenly and sparsely setulose (Fig. 209). 2 notopleural, 2 postsutural supra-alar, 1 intraalar and 1 postalar seta present. Dorsocentral and acrostichal setae very fine, inconspicuous or absent. One strong seta and 5���6 shorter setulae on posterior margin of anepisternum; katepisternum with one strong posterodorsal seta. Scutellum triangular, flattened, shagreened, with 2 pairs of scutellar setae and fine setulae on disc and margins; posteroventral margin bare or microtrichose. Subscutellum matt, sometimes short white microtrichose. Mediotergite slightly shagreened, subshining green. Wing entirely hyaline with yellow veins (Figs. 1���4) (rarely partly brown), in P. m ey i sp. n. with small blackish spot at apex of cell r 4 + 5 (Figs. 244, 245, 250); vein R 1 bare, cell r 4 + 5 apically narrowed (Figs. 1, 2, 185, 280) or closed (Figs. 64, 77, 113), sometimes vein M fused with R 4 + 5 before costal vein and wing apex, forming short petiole (Figs. 3, 93, 96, 385) or simply turning into costa before apex (Figs. 157, 316); cell bcu with long extension at posteroapical corner, usually as long as the remaining vein A 1 +CuA 2 (Figs. 1, 45, 64, 77), not showing conspicuous variability. Legs mostly brown or black, usually with mid and hind tarsi yellow; in P. anaglypha, P. clausa Macquart and P. flavipes Karsch femora mostly yellow and tibiae at most partly brown (Figs. 53, 89, 146, 156); in P. igniceps sp. n. brow in basal tree-fourths, reddish yellow apically. Fore femur posteroventrally with row of 3���9 setae, in most species conspicuously thickened and spinulose (Fig. 8). Mid leg on anterior and posterior surface with two rows of moderately long, antero- and postero-ventrally directed setae. Fore tibia, apically widened and flattened, and with brush of short and dense yellowish setae anteroapically, usually entirely brown or black colored, partly brown in P. clausa and P. flavipes (Fig. 8) or entirely yellow in P. anaglypha S��guy. Fore tarsus either entirely brown to black (Figs. 5, 76, 130, 300, 323, 342, 395) or with first segment (basitarsus, metatarsus) yellow, white setulose (Figs. 6���8, 60, 167, 182, 245, 279, 313, 350, 362, 374); in P. anaglypha fore tarsus entirely yellow (Figs. 9, 53). Abdomen shining black, only some specimens of P. flavipes with yellow basal and apical tergites (Fig. 153); tergites often finely shagreened, with golden-green to purple-blue sheen (Figs. 364, 399), or micropapillose, almost matt, with golden or greenish metallic tinge (Figs. 181, 193, 245, 251, 261, 276, 291). Male abdomen with 5, female with 6 visible segments. Male sternites non-modified, subrectangular, slightly transverse, sternite 5 trapezoid (Figs. 274, 359). Female tergite 2 laterally with pair of dimple-like structures lacking metallic sheen and having hexagonal cellular structure (Figs. 85, 120, 163, 290, 333); female sternites non-modified, subrectagular; sternites 3���6 without anteromedial apodemes. Female tergite and sternite 6 short and transverse, subequal, conspicuously narrower and shorter than tergite 5. Male postabdomen. Membranous pouch between tergite 5 and postabdomen, dorsolateral, densely microtrichose (Fig. 225); sternite 8 setulose (Fig. 260). Epandrium small. Surstyli short, separated from epandrium by seam, wide basally, strongly narrowed and curved mesally towards apex (Figs. 48, 68, 83, 100, 117, 161, 176, 210), usually pointed or serrate apically (Figs. 191, 212), in P. euphorbiana Krivosheina & Krivosheina with pair of blunt lobes (Figs. 133, 135); usually without basimesall lobe, only in P. longicornis Hendel such lobe present (Fig. 226). Proctiger low, not protruding posteriorly, usually with pair of short submedial nipple-like ventral projections (Figs. 33, 48, 68, 83, 135, 177, 190, 202, 256, 271, 299, 309, 349) bearing single apical short setula (Fig. 33) (absent in P. leucotricha Kameneva & Korneyev); nipple-like processes fused anteriorly in P. longicornis (Figs. 226���228); or strongly enlarged and fused in P. euphorbiana (Fig. 135) cerci flat and not fused in P. spriggsi sp. n. (Fig. 356). Subepandrial sclerite flat, V- or U-shaped (Figs. 34, 100, 134, 179, 203, 227), without thickened tooth-like setulae (prensisetae), with at most one thickened seta inserted into larger alveola (Figs. 48, 83, 177, 202). Hypandrium posteriorly fused or joined by membrane to sclerotized arms of epiphallus; U-shaped, usually asymmetrical: right gonite ovoid, devoided of setulae, with sclerotized lateral sclerite, left gonite inconspicuous; phallapodeme usually Y-shaped, vanes inconspicuous, at right side represented by sclerotized bar, and entirely reduced at left side; in P. euphorbiana, P. spriggsi sp. n. and P. steyskali sp. n. arms of phallapodeme widely spaced, vanes almost symmetrical, and phallapodeme itself flattened antero-posteriorly rather than laterally (Figs. 136, 358, 371). Sensillar plates at sides of phallus base rounded, simple. Phallus is the stucture strongly involved into diagnostics of species in the tribe Ulidiini, and detailed description of its structures, which are rather different from those in other Tephritoidea, is provided here. It is a very large tubular organ, usually 1.2���1.5 times longer than male abdomen, with thick ring of basiphallus joined by two sclerotized lateral arms (derivatives of the epiphallus?) to the postero-medial branches of hypandrium. Remaining part of the phallus represented by distiphallus is a bare flattened tube with a pair of sclerotized taeniae, one reaching approximately the middle of phallus length, and another running throughout almost whole length of the phallus. The blind memranous projection, or caecum, situated at middle of phallus length and being everted by high pressure of haemolymph before whole phallus itself is erected, believed to serve for its penetration into female aculeus and vagina, is known exclusively in Ulidiini; caecum of Physiphora always single, long (Figs. 66, 97, 158, 223, 237, 253, 346), short (Figs. 31, 46, 306, 328, 354) or vestigial (Fig. 367 a) (similar structures are known in both Tephritidae and Platystomatidae, but are located subapically, on preglans or glans). The part of distiphallus basal of the caecum is called stipe (the term was applied by McAlpine (1973) to the homologous part of the Platystomatidae phallus). The part of distiphallus apically of the caecum consists of the preglans and glans. The preglans is a tubular section of the distiphallus bearing the continuation of one basal taenia not reaching the glans, and the separate short preglandic taenia usually joined to the glans or forming its body. The membrane of preglans is usually strongly wrinkled and often bearing tiny or strong spines (Figs. 31, 46, 80, 175, 224, 268, 306). The preglans of Physiphora is shorter (Figs. 31, 66, 80, 97, 200, 223, 268, 306, 367) or longer (Figs. 46, 131, 297, 387) than the stipe, or sometimes they are of subequal length; this character is important for identification of some species. Glans is the apical structure represented by sclerotized spines, hooks, flaps, petals, and lobes of different shape surrounding the gonopore. The glans can be formed mainly by the expanded apex of taenia and a few short spines, as in P. elbae Hendel, P. leucotricha Kameneva & Korneyev, and P. hendeli sp. n. (Figs. 116, 175, 215) or a separate inner sclerites and some prominent but rather short lobes as in P. euphorbiana Krivosheina & Krivosheina and P. maraisi sp. n. (Figs. 131, 238), or mostly by numerous long or very long acute spines, as in P. kirki sp. n., P. meyi sp. n., P. opalizana sp. n., P. sericea Hendel, and P. smaragdina Loew (Figs. 201, 254, 283, 328��� 329, 346��� 348). Ejaculatory apodeme usually wide fan-like, with short apical portion and relatively small sperm pump (Figs. 71, 119, 205, 230, 243, 275, 332, 372). Female oviscape short, at most as long as tergite 5 and 0.25���0.3 times as long as aculeus. Eversible membrane (Fig. 35, 50) as long as aculeus, with 2 pairs of bare taeniae almost reaching its posterior margin; membrane finely microtrichose in anterior 0.8 and covered with fine multidentate scales in posterior 0.2 of its length. Aculeus (Figs. 36, 51, 86, 102, 121, 164, 287, 334, 360) narrow and moderately long, 6.5��� 12 times as long as wide, with elongate oval cercal unit bearing 2 pairs of long setae (basal dorsal and subapical lateroventral) and several shorter setulae on ventral and latero-ventral side; anal opening (slit) on dorsal side of cerci (Figs. 37, 87, 103, 165, 288, 311, 335); sternite 8 well-sclerotized, with 11���12 setulae on each side. Medial groove covered with monodentate scales. Vagina with simple, finger-like ventral receptacle (Figs. 38���39, 104). Three spherical (or collapsed to mushroom-like shape) spermathecae, single right and 2 left spermathecae on Y-shape bifurcated common duct (Figs. 40, 52, 105, 122, 166, 289, 312, 336, 361, 394); short, invaginated ���necks��� at junction of spermatheca with ducts. Preimaginal stages. Morphological details of puparium of P. alceae Preyssler were originally figured by Hennig (1940: Textfig. 8���10, as P. demandata). Later, Krivosheina & Krivosheina (1997: 460, Figs. 4 ���5) described the third instar larva and puparium of P. chalybea Hendel. Egg of P. elbae (Fig. 123) elongate-ovoid, 0.65���0.67 mm long, 4.0���4.2 times as ling as wide, bluntly rounded at both apices, without visible sculpture; similarly, egg of P. alceae of the same shape, 0.68���0.78 mm, slightly arcuate dorsally, with micropile shielded dorsally by tubercle (Allen & Foote 1967). Third instar larva of P. alceae 4.64���7.7 mm long (Allen & Foote 1967), in P. chalybea (after Krivosheina & Krivosheina 1997) white, narrow, 7 times as long as wide, bluntly truncated at posterior end; gnathocephalon with numerous deep and straight oral ridges; sensory organs not described; cephalopharyngeal skeleton with mandibular sclerite almost four times as long as high, with single very long and blunt mouthhook and without additional lobes or teeth; hypostomal (= hypopharyngeal) sclerite long, six to seven times times as long as high, parastomal sclerite as long as hypostomal sclerite, entirely separated from it; dental sclerite present, straight and slender; labial (= subhypostomal) sclerite very long, bare-like in profile; pharyngeal cornua poorly sclerotized; cephalopharyngeal skeleton of P. alceae of same shape, showing no essential differences (Hennig, 1940: Textfig. 8; Allen & Foote 1967: Figs. 17���19, as P. demandata). Anterior spiracle of P. chalybea with ten lobes (papillae) (Krivosheina & Krivosheina 1997: Figs. 4.2 & 5.7); in P. alceae with 12���14 lobes (Allen & Foote 1967). Abdominal segments with creeping welts covered by denticles (Krivosheina & Krivosheina 1997: Fig. 4.2). Anal plate of P. alceae broadly triangular, bordered by 2���3 rows of spinules (Allen & Foote 1967). Posterior spiracular plates similar in P. alceae and P. chalybea, not raised, with subparallel, oblique spiracular slits (inner slit at 30 �� to dorso-ventral axis. Intraspiracular hairs (four) triple, ramulose at apices. Puparium orange, strongly wrinkled (Krivosheina &a, Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 5-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora aperta Steyskal 1952 Figures 56���59. Physiphora aperta Steyskal, 1952: 285; Evenhuis, 1989: 481; Kameneva & Korneyev, 2010: 622. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: ���Guadalcanal / Solomon Is /, Sept 6 / 1944 ��� (BBM) (not examined). Paratypes: 1 ♀: ��� 210 ���, ���Lunga Valley / Guadalcanal / X 1944 ���, ���Laffon Coll.���, ��� Paratype / Ph-ra aperta / St-l���; 1 ♂: ���Lunga R. / Guadalcanal / Solomon Is/, Sept 6 / 1944 ���; ���Jean Laffoon Coll.���, ���# 184 ���, ��� Paratype / Ph-ra aperta / St-l���; 1 ♂, 5 ♀: ���Guadalcanal / 1944 / C. O.Berg���, Paratype / Ph-ra aperta / St-l��� (USNM). Diagnosis. This species is similar to African P. allomma, the only other species with widely opened cell r 4 + 5, as well as with sharply delimited lateral margins of facial carina and faint blue reflection on sparsely rugulose scutum and scutellum, differing by even more widely opened cell r 4 + 5 (see the Key), and having mostly brown frons, dorsocentral and acrostichal setae present. Superficially similar P. longicornis from the Oriental and P. violacea from the Afrotropical Region have shining black mesonotum with faint bluish, cyan or purplish reflection, but clearly differ from P. aperta by having closed cell r 4 + 5 (in P. violacea with apical petiole). Description. Head (Figs. 57���58) mostly black. Frons 1.1 times as long as wide, reddish brown, subshining, sparsely and finely setulose, with round parafrontal microtichose spots and two pairs of calluses posterior to its middle. Vertical plates black, with dark blue sheen, bearing 2 pairs of black, short, slightly reclinate orbital setae. Ocellar triangle black. Face black, facial carina sharply delimited, dorsal half black, medially with triangular or trapeziform microtrichose area narrowly separated from microtrichose antennal grooves. Facial ridge, parafacial and gena brown. Epistome entirely black. Occiput black. Antenna brown; arista bare, yellow in basal 1 / 5, remainder brown. Clypeus brown to black. Palp black. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Fig. 57). Scutum and scutellum black, with dull blue metallic sheen, sparsely rugulose, except antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, as well as pleura strongly shining. Mesonotal scutum with presutural acostichal, dorsocentral and supra-alar rows of setulae; all setae (acrostichal and dorsocentral, one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar) strong, black. Scutellum very sparsely shagreened, with faint deep blue reflection, with very fine and short black setulae and 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with brown veins and brownish pterostigma; cell r 4 + 5 wide opened, section of costal vein between R 4 + 5 and M more than half as long as section of costal vein between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5 (Fig. 59). Posteroapical extension of cell cup 1.5 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and c. twice as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Length: 3.7���4.3 mm. Legs. Black except fore tarsus with basitarsomere creamy yellow in medial portion, and black in basal and apical one-fifth, mid- and hind tarsi yellow except apical tarsomeres black; all setae black; fore femur posteroventrally with 3���5 thickened, but rather short setae in apical half. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites black, finely rugulose, with bluish reflection; all setulae black. Male and female genitalia not dissected. Distribution: Solomon Islands. Biology unknown. Remarks. This species looks very similar to P. allomma. Comparative study of male genitalia of these species are needed to see if they are really closely related., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Subfamily Ulidiinae Macquart 1835, Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora virens sp. n. Figures 395���404. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: Ethiopia: ��� Abyssinia / Kov��cs��� ���Urso / 1911.III��� (NHMW). Paratype: 1 ♂, ��� Abyssinia / Kov��cs��� ���Vall. Dierrer / 1911.VI��� dissected (NHMW). Diagnosis. This species can be easily recognized from the combination of entirely brown or black fore basitarsomere, frons smooth, shining yellowish brown, with semicircular microtrichose parafrontal spots, face with entire transverse microtrichose crossband, and phallus glans with 6���7 spinose lobes of different size, but no large recursive basalmost lobe. Other species with black fore metatarsus, round parafrontal microtrichose spots and entire microtrichose crossband on face differ from it either by having matt frons (P. kirki sp. n.) or by the finely rugulose, cyan subshining mesonotum and long setae on fore femur (P. chalybea), as well as different shape of the phallus preglans and glans. Description: Head (Figs. 396���397) yellow to brown, with black occiput. Frons 1.2���1.3 times as long as wide, yellowish brown, shining, with moderately large semicircular parafrontal microtichose spots and two pairs of calluses posterior to its middle and slightly concave, sparsely and finely setulose in anterior half. Vertical plates black, bearing 2 pairs of black orbital setae. Ocellar triangle black, with lateroclinate setae as long as orbital setae. Face black, facial carina partly brown, smooth, with entire transverse microtrichose crossband fused with microtrichose antennal grooves. Lunule shining yellow to brown. Facial ridge, parafacial and gena shining orange or brown, gena 1 / 3 times as high as eye; parafacial and facial ridge with white microtrichose stripe each. Occiput black, with brownish yellow area posterior of ocellar triangle and partly brown postgena; orbit between posterodorsal eye margin and row of postocular setae without microtrichose stripe. Medial vertical seta half as long as frons width, 1.3 times as long as lateral vertical and 3 ���3.5 times as long as ocellar and orbital, and 2.5 times longer than postocellar setae. Antenna yellowish brown, greyish microtrichose; flagellomere 1 rounded apically, 1.9 times as long as wide; arista bare, yellow in basal 1 / 4, remainder black. Clypeus black. Palp brown to black, gray microtrichose, with moderately long black setulae. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Figs. 395���396). Scutum and scutellum black, Mesonotum roughly shagreened, shining with strong golden to green and reddish sheen; antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle, transverse suture, supra-alar and postalar parts of scutum, anterior half of anepisternum, most of katepisternum, and whole anepimeron shining with strong green or golden sheen reflection; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum and very narrowly on katepisternum slightly shagreened and conspicuously setulose; postscutellum black, gray microtrichose; postero-ventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; katatergite grey microtrichose. Mesonotal scutum with acrostichal, dorsocentral and intra-alar rows of whitish setulae; acrostichal seta lacking; dorsocentral setae hair-like; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum finely shagreened, shining green to golden and cyan; with short and sparse whitish setulae on disk; 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly opened; apical section of M slightly arcuate (Fig. 398). Postero-apical extension of cell cup as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 4 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 3.9���4.0 mm. Legs. Black, including whole fore tarsus; mid- and hind tarsi yellow, with 2 apical tarsomeres brownish; all setae black; fore femur postero-ventrally with 4���6 moderately thickened, short setae in apical half. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites black, glossy, with blue, greenish, golden or reddish reflections; all setulae black; abdominal tergite 1 basally very sparsely brownish microtrichose. Male postabdomen brown to black, epandrium as on Fig. 403, cerci with short and wide nipple-like structures; hypandrium with symmetrical vanes of phallapodeme (Fig. 404); phallus with stipe as long as preglans and glans combined (Fig. 401); preglans lobate, without spines; glans (Fig. 402) with 6���7 wide spine-like lobes (but without large recursive lobe) of the glans. Female unknown. Distribution. Ethiopia. Biology unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet means ���green��� in Latin and reflects the strong green sheen of its body., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora violacea (Hendel 1910) Figures 380���394. Chrysomyza violacea Hendel, 1910: 22; S��guy, 1941: 115. Physiphora violacea: Steyskal, 1980: 576. Chrysomyza melanopa Bezzi, 1914: 302; S��guy, 1941: 115; Steyskal, 1980: 576. Chrysomyza prema S��guy, 1953: 157; Steyskal, 1980: 576. Material. Type. Syntype Chrysomyza violacea: 1 ♂: ��� Sierra Leone / Freetown���, ���Chrysomysa / violacea, H.���; ���Coll. Hendel���; ��� Type ��� [red] (NHMW); Syntypes 1 ♂, 1 ♀ Chrysomyza prema: Guinea: ���Yalanzou���, ���Nimba, Guin��e ���, 11.vi. 1942, (M. Lamotte) (♂ with red printed label ��� Type ��� and ♀ bearing handwritten label ��� Chrysomyza prema ♀ S��guy Type ���) (MHNP); Holotype (sex unknown) Chrysomyza melanopa Bezzi: Guinea: Conacry, x. 1912 (F. Silvestri) (not located; not examined). Non-type. Burundi: Burundi Prov., Reserve Naturelle de Rumonge at 04�� 00.940 S, 29 �� 29.560 E, 900 m, Malaise trap, Brachystegia woodland, 17���20. x. 2010, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, idem, Rumonge town at 03�� 53.736 S, 29 �� 26.182 E, 900 m, 19. xi. 2010, 1 ♀ (A. Kirk-Spriggs) (BECE); Cameroon: ���Jochann- Albrechtsh��che���, 3. viii. 1886, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (Conradt) (MNKB); ���Cribi���, at light, 19.vii. 1974 (no collector) (RMNH); C��te-d���Ivoire: Bingerville / iii. 1962, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, xi. 1963, 1 ♂, 1���7. v. 1964, 1 ♂ (J. Decelle) (��� Physiphora violacea Hdl. d. Steyskal ' 67) (MRAC); Lamto, ���Savane claire, Loudetia, Plateau Color��s A.���, 12. viii. 1971, 2 ♀ (D. Lachaise) (MHNP); Congo (Za��re): Eala, 21. xi. 1931, 1 ♀, 22. xi. 1931, 1 ♂ (H. J. Bredo); ���Mayumbe: Ganda, Buku���, 1. viii. 1926, 1 ♀ (A. Collart); ���Rutshuru���, ��� 123 ���, 17. v. 1936, 1 ♂ (L. Lippens); ���Vele: Bambesa���, ix. 1940, 1 ♂ (J.Vrijdagh); ��� Equateur: Bokuma���, xii. 1951, 1 ♀; ���Tshuapa: Bokuma���, iii. 1954, 1 ♀ (R. P. Lootens); ���Kasongo���, viii. 1959, 1 ♂ (P. L. G. Benoit) (MRAC); Oriental Prov.: Bomane vill. at 01�� 16.283 N, 23 �� 43.994 E, baiting fermented fruits, 2024. v. 2010, 2 ♂, 2 ♀; idem, hanging trap baiting feces, secondary forest, 24. v. 2010, 5 ♂, 4 ♀; idem, Lieki village at 01�� 41.117 N, 24 �� 14.362 E, sweeping bush paths and village environs, 25.v��� 4. vi. 2010, 1 ♂, idem, 1 km at 01�� 41.483 N, 24 �� 14.271 E, hanging trap baiting feces, secondary forest, 27���28. v. 2010, 7 ♂, 6 ♀ (A. Kirk-Spriggs) (BECE); Gambia: 2km S Kitty, 7km SSW Brikama Road junction; in and at fresh water stream, loc. No 7, 27. ii. 1977, 1 ♀; Kotu stream about 3km SW Bakau, swept in vegetation, 22���23. xi. 1977, 1 ♀ (Cederholm, Danielsson, Hammerstedt, Heqvist & Samuelsson) (ZMLU); Guinea: ���Yalanzou���, ���Nimba, Guin��e ���, 11. vi. 1942, 1 ♀, viii. 1942, 3 ♂, 3 ♀, (M. Lamotte) (MHNP); [Tanzania? Yemen?]: ���Maculla, W. Afr.���, 16. vii. 1890, 1 ♂ (collector unknown) (��� Chrysomyza (Cliochloria) violacea Hd. det. Dr. W. Hennig 1939 ���) (DEI); Tanzania: East Uzambara, Amani, 1000 m, 25. i. 1977, 1 ♀ (H. Enghoff, G. Londolt, O. Martin) (ZMUC); Namibia: Mahango Game Park, Okavango River at 18 �� 13 ��� 19 ���S 21 �� 45 ��� 10 ���E, Malaise trap sample, 18���19. x. 1999, 2 ♂ (Kirk-Spriggs, Pape, Hauwanga) (NICW); Nigeria: Ile-Ife, 15. vii. 1969, 6 ♂, 4 ♀ (J. T. Medler) ���Olokemeji���, 1914, 1 ♂ (Bridwell) (USNM); Senegal: 1 km NW Bignona, 26 km N Ziguinchor, at light 19: 15���20: 30 (loc. No 14, UTM 28 PCK 654170), 3. iii. 1977, 1 ♂ (Cederholm, Daqnielsson, Larsson, Mirestr��m, Norling, Samuelssom) (ZMLU); Sierra Leone: 5km SW Kabala, swept along road, 9 �� 35 ���N 11 �� 35 ���W, 28. xi. 1993, 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Freetown, Cape Sierra hotel area, 8 �� 31 ���N 13 �� 17 ���W, loc. 2, at light on walls, 30. xi. 1993, 1 ♀ (Cederholm, Danielsson, Hall) (ZMLU); South Africa: Gauteng Roodepoort, Witwatersrand Botanical Garden, 26.05 S, 27.51 E, ex rotten trunk of Encephalartos longifolius (Zamiaceae) [cycad], 04. x. 1995, 4 ♂, 2 ♀ (M. Mansell), ���Transvaal: Kruger Nat. Park, Pafuri���, 22.26 S, 31.12 E, 264 m, Malaise trap, 20���24.i. 1985 (G. L. Prinsloo) (SANC); Togo: ���Bismarkburg��� (nr. modern Brewanaise, 08�� 12 ���N 00�� 47 ���E, 710m), 15���17. iv. 1893, 1 ♂ (Conradt) (MNKB); USA: ���Intercepted at Baltimore, MD, in Hold op snip from Africa���, 14. xii. 1964, 1 ♂ (G. Steyskal) (USNM). Diagnosis. This species can be recognized from the cell r 4 + 5 apically closed and petiolate, as in P. clausa and P. flavipes, differing from them by the having glossy black non-rugulose, or sparsely rugulose mesonotum with faint or conspicuous cyan to violet sheen, and entirely black femora and tibiae (mesonotum conspicuously shagreened, green with golden or red sheen in P. clausa and cyan to green sheen in P. flavipes; femora and tibiae at least partly or entirely yellow in P. clausa and P. flavipes), as well as different structure of the phallus. The specimens of P. violacea from the Subsaharan and Southern Africa clearly differ by the coloration of face and fore coxae (black and yellow, correspondingly). Description. Head (Figs. 381���383) mostly or entirely black. Frons 1.1���1.15 times as long as wide, with two pairs of calluses in posterior half and slightly concave at middle, entirely black or partly brown in anterior and medial part, shining, with a few sparse and fine whitish setulae above lunule and between frontal calluses, with small round white microtrichose parafrontal spot. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle shining black, bearing 2 pairs of short, slightly reclinate orbital setae and pair of lateroclinate ocellar setae. Face entirely black in specimens from Western and Central Africa or partly brownish yellow in Southern African specimens, dorsal half of facial carina and antennal grooves with entire white microtrichose transverse band. Lunule, facial ridge, parafacial and gena shining yellow (in Southern African specimens) to mostly black, gena 0.25���0.3 times as high as eye; parafacial with narrow, often inconspicuous white microtrichose stripe along anteroventral eye margin; facial ridge and gena without microtrichose marks. Occiput either entirely black, or with brown area behind ocellar triangle and widely brownish postgena; posterior orbit without white microtrichose areas. Medial vertical seta 0.5���0.55 times as long as frons width, 1.2 times as long as lateral vertical and 2.5��� 3 times as long as ocellar and orbital and twice as long as postocellar setae. Antenna brown to almost black; flagellomere 1 rounded apically, 2 ���2.2 times as long as wide, white microtrichose; arista bare, yellow in basal ��, black in the rest. Compound eye in live or freshly killed specimens yellow to green with pattern of four or five wide purple longitudinal bands; of them, two medial bands medially constricted, with two pairs of semicircular dilations (Figs. 381���382). Clypeus black (brownish yellow in some Southern African specimens). Palp black, microtrichose, with moderately long black setulae. Mouthparts black. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum (Fig. 382) black, finely shagreened, glossy, with faint violet (in Western African specimens), or conspicuously, but finely shagreened, with blue transiting into syan or violet (in Southern African specimens) metallic reflection, as well as pleura either entirely glossy black (in Western African specimens), or with shagreened posterodorsal part of anepisternum (in Southern African specimens); supra-alar area and tympanal fossa matt grey, sparse grey microtrichia, as well as postscutellum; posterior part of katatergite and anatergite subshining green with sparse microtrichia; postero-ventral margin of scutellum white microtrichose at middle. Mesonotal scutum with one (or two very close) acrostichal row(s) of setulae, pair of regular dorsocentral and intra-alar rows (latter having shape of digit ��� 3 ���), all setulae very fine and short, black; acrostichal seta vestigial, as long as setulae; dorsocentral setahair-like. Other setae as in P. clausa. Scutellum with 4���5 fine black subapical setulae and 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing (Fig. 385). Entirely hyaline, with pale yellow veins; cell r 4 + 5 closed, vein M before wing apex falling into R 4 + 5 and forming petiole at wing tip; postero-apical extension of cell cup as long as vein CuA 2 +A 1, and 3���5 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Length 3.2���4.8. Legs. Black, fore coxae black in Western African specimens, yellow in Southern African specimens; femora and tibia black (mid and hind tibia often brown in Southern African specimens), fore tarsus black with metatarsus creamy white with apex narrowly brown; fore femur with black setulae; postero-ventrally with 4���6 thickened setae in apical half; mid and hind femora black setulose; mid and hind tarsi with 1���2 apical tarsomeres brown. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites black, with faint blue reflection; abdominal tergite 1 conspicuously microtrichose at base; tergite 2 black setulose on sides, in female, with pair of dimple-like structures laterally. Male postabdomen brown; epandrium as on Fig. 390, surstyli simple, nipple-like structures of cerci moderately wide; phallus (Fig. 387) with stipe not widened, almost as long as preglans and glans combined; caecum long, 3���4 times as long as stipe width; preglans non-spinulose; glans with one moderately long recursive lobe, one long claw-like, one short claw-like and one thumb-tack lobes (Figs. 388���389). Hypandrium with symmetrical phallapodeme having widely separated, parallel posterior branches and equal vanes of phallapodeme; left gonite developed (Fig. 391). Female terminalia: aculeus 8���10 times as long as wide at base (Figs. 392���393); 3 spherical spermathecae (Fig. 394). Distribution: Afrotropical Region: Subsaharan Africa from Guinea to Tanzania; Southern Africa. Biology. Larvae live in rotting stems of the gymnosperm cycad ���palm��� Encephalartos longifolius (Zamiaceae) in South Africa; adults are attracted to feces and fermented fruits. The adults were also captured at UV light (Richfield, 2015). Remark. Chrysomyza melanopa (Bezzi, 1914) and Chrysomyza prema (S��guy, 1953) have been synonymized with P. violacea by Steyskal (1980) based on study of type material; the synonymy of C. prema is confirmed in the current study based on numerous additional material from its type locality. In the case of C. melanopa, despite the type species has not been located and studied, the original description fits the diagnosis of P. violacea, and we entirely rely on Steyskal���s opinion. The specimens of P. violacea from the Subsaharan and Southern Africa with different coloration of face and fore coxae (black and yellow, correspondingly), but the structure of the phallus glans looks to be identical, and we consider them to be groups of populations possibly deserving status of subspecies. An additional material from the intermediate zone needs further study. A fly similar, but not identical to P. violacea has been recently collected and photographed in Townsville (West Australia) based on photographs alone, is highly probable because the plants used by this species as larval substrate, are present there, and this fly species could be easily introduced with plant matter from Africa in the past. Further collecting is necessary to confirm its presence in West Australia., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 80-83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora meyi sp. n. Figures 244���261. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: South Africa: ���R.S. Africa, 3���4.ii. 1994 / Natal, Mikuze N[ational] P[ark] / Mikuze River + camp / leg. U. G��llner��� [blue label] (MNKB). Paratype ♀: Namibia: ���Kunene, Epupa Falls���, 3���4.ix. 2012 (leg. W. Mey) (MNKB). Diagnosis. This species can be easily recognized from all known species of Physophora by the presence of dark spot at wing apex (other species of the genus have entirely glassy wings without any pattern or at most darkened apex of costal vein���in P. longicornis) and combination of predominantly matt brownish yellow frons with a pair of small semicircular spots of microtrichia, ��-shaped microtrichose area on the facial carina, fore metatarsus creamy in basal 0.8, scutum and scutellum densely rugulose, with uniformly green or cyan gleam. Description. Head (Figs. 244���248) black, with mostly brownish yellow frons, face and gena. Frons 1.1���1.2 times as long as wide, reddish brown, matt with small round parafrontal microtichose spot not reaching anterior margin (Fig. 247���248), flat without expressed calluses, slightly concave at middle, finely and sparsely yellowish setulose in antero-lateral part. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle shining black, with slight greenish reflection; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face brownish yellow, facial carina with white ��-shaped microtrichose area widely separated from microtrichose antennal grooves; epistome brownish yellow or darkened ventro-medially, smooth, with or without metallic greenish reflections; lateral sides of face moderately low. Gena brown, 1 / 3 times as high as eye; parafacial matt, with narrow white microtrichose stripe; gena posteriorly without microtrichose mark separating it from partly brownish yellow postgena (Fig. 245). Occiput black, with orange area posterior of ocellar triangle, and postgenae. Medial vertical seta half as long as frons width, 1.4 times as long as lateral vertical and 4���6 times as long as ocellar, orbital, and postocellar setae. Antenna brown; flagellomere 1 laterally brown to black, rounded apically, 1.4 times as long as wide, greyish microtrichose; arista bare, brown in basal 1 / 6, remainder black. Clypeus black. Palp black, grey microtrichose and black setose. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Figs. 244���246). Scutum and scutellum black, densely rugulose, almost matt, with uniformly green or cyan gleam; antepronotum, posterior portion of postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle almost entirely rugulose, matt, with small shining areas, anterior half of anepisternum and katepisternum, and whole anepimeron subshining, with green sheen; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum and katepisternum shagreened; supra-alar area and tympanal fossa matt dark brown, postscutellum black, sparsely gray microtrichose; posteroventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; anatergite, katatergite and lateroventral parts of mediotergite sparsely microtrichose, with faint metallic green sheen. Mesonotal scutum with fine, poorly visible brownish setulae in intra-alar and dorsocentral rows (Fig. 246); acrostichal seta indistinguishable; dorsocentral setae hair-like; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum densely rugulose, with deep cyan or green reflection, with 7���8 submarginal setulae (1 / 10 times as long as setae) at each side and 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly closed, apical section of M slightly arcuate; apices of cells r 2 + 3 and r 4 + 5 with small blackish spot (Fig. 250). Postero-apical extension of cell cup 1.5 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 3.5 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 4.5��� 4.9 mm. Legs. Black except fore tarsus with basitarsomere yellow medially, with apical (and in female also basal) 1 / 6 dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi yellow except two apical tarsomeres brown; all setae black; fore femur posteroventrally with 4���5 short thickened setae in apical half. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites black; with tergites 1���4 strongly gold shining, laterally shagreened (Fig. 261) in male and almost smooth black in female; tergite 5 of male conspicuously shagreened, with golden sheen (Fig. 251); all setulae black; abdominal tergite 1 basally grey microtrichose; female abdominal tergite 2 with pair of dimple-like structures laterally. Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Figs. 256���257, cerci with long, antero-ventrally directed nipple-like structures; phallus with stipe slightly longer than preglans and glans; caecum 3.5 times as long as stipe width; preglans bare (Fig. 253); glans with one long and 5���6 shorter claw- or spine-like lobes (Fig. 254). Hypandrium (Figs. 255, 258) asymmetric. Female terminalia not dissected. Distribution. Namibia, South Africa. Biology unknown. Etymology. The species is named in honour of German lepidopterist Wolfram Mey, one of collectors of the type specimens., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 54-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora rugosa sp. n. Figures 313���322. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: South Africa: Eastern Cape: ���Grahamstown / E.C.P. / 11.iii. [19] 55 / P. S. Greathead���, ��� Holotype ���, ��� Holotype Physiphora rugosa Steyskal ��� 64 ��� [red label] (BMNH). Paratypes: South Africa: 1 ♂: ���Cape Province, Matjesfontein, 1621. x. 1928 ���, ���S. Africa, R. E. Turner, 1928 ��� 491 ��� (BMNH) (dissected); 1 ♀: ���Resolution / Albany Distr / 23.III. 1928 / A.Walton��� (USNM). Diagnosis. P. rugosa sp. n. is similar to P. obscura and P. tarsata in the combination of the fore basitarsomere white, mesonotum densely rugulose, with shining black postpronotal lobe and margins of transverse suture, differing from them by the frons strongly wrinkled in anterior half (smooth in P. obscura, deeply pitted in P. tarsata) and mesonotum subshining green to violet on scutum and blue dull blue to black on scutellum; it also differs from P. tarsata by the facial carina with ��-shaped white microtrichose area (in P. tarsata face with entire transverse microtrichose band). It is similar to P. spriggsi sp. n. in having wrinkled or deeply pitted frons and wide facial rigge, clearly differing from that species by creamy fore metatarsus and facial carna with ��-shaped mark (respectively, black and entirely devoided microtrichia in P. spriggsi sp. n.). P. tarsata (Macquart), another species with wrinkled or pitted frons and white fore metatarsus, differs by face with entire transverse microtrichose band and mesonotum subshining greenish, and frons deeply and widely pitted in anterior half and wrinkled posteriorly (uniformly deep wrinkled over whole frons in P. rugosa sp. n.). P. rugosa sp. n. is similar to P. aperta in having wing with brownish veins and brownish yellow pterostigma, differing from it by narrowly closed cell r 4 + 5 and different coloration of head and body. P. rugosa sp. n. differs also from P. spriggsi sp. n., which often has rugose frons and face, by narrow facial carina with microtrichose pattern (in P. spriggsi sp. n., as wide as antennal groove and devoided of microtrichia) and subshining green mesonotum (in P. spriggsi sp. n., shining golden green), as well as preglans with wide black spines (in P. spriggsi sp. n., bare and smooth). Description. Head (Figs. 314���315) black, with dark brown frons, face and gena. Frons 1.0���1.1 times as long as wide, dark brown, subshining with moderately small round parafrontal microtichose spot not reaching anterior margin (Fig. 315), deeply wrinkled or pitted, without expressed calluses, flat or slightly convex, finely yellowish setulose. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle shining black; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face brown, facial carina very wide, with steep lateral margins and wrinkled surface, brown or brown with black pattern, with white ��-shaped microtrichose area widely separated from microtrichose antennal grooves; epistome wrinkled, shining black, lateral sides of face moderately high, black. Gena brown, half as high as eye; facial ridge and parafacial subshining brown, more or less wrinkled, each with narrow white microtrichose stripe; gena posteriorly without microtrichose mark separating it from partly brownish yellow postgena (Fig. 313). Occiput black with partly brown postgenae. Medial vertical seta 0.4 times as long as frons width, 1.5 times as long as lateral vertical, 4 times as long as ocellar, orbital, and 2.5 times as long as postocellar setae. Antenna yellowish brown; flagellomere 1 laterally brown, rounded apically, 1.8��� 2 times as long as wide, greyish microtrichose; arista bare, yellowish brown in basal 1 / 6, remainder black. Clypeus black. Palp black, grey microtrichose and black setose. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Fig. 314). Scutum black, roughly rugulose, subshining, with golden-green to green (in holotype) or cyan to deep violet sheen; antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle, supra-alar and postalar parts of scutum, anterior half of anepisternum and katepisternum, and whole anepimeron shining black; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum and katepisternum rugulose; postscutellum black, gray microtrichose; posteroventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; anatergite, katatergite and lateroventral parts of mediotergite sparsely grey microtrichose; medial part of mediotergite finely shagreened, with green or golden reflection. Scutum with acrostichal, dorsocentral, and intra-alar rows of setulae; acrostichal seta indistinguishable or lacking; dorsocentral setae hair-like; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supraalar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum densely rugulose, usually with deep blue reflection or pitchy black, apparently bare or with indistinguishable setulae; 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Pale yellowish or hyaline, with partly brownish veins; pterostigma brownish yellow, cell r 4 + 5 narrowly closed; apical section of M slightly arcuate (Fig. 316). Postero-apical extension of cell cup 1.4���1.5 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 3 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 3.4���3.6 mm. Legs. Black except fore tarsus with basitarsomere creamy white in basal 4 / 5; mid- and hind femora and tibiae entirely brown or black; mid and hind tarsi yellow except 2 or 3 last tarsomere dark brown; all setae black; fore femur not swollen, postero-ventrally with 5���6 almost non-thickened short setae in apical half. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites shining black, laterally finely shagreened, with slight golden reflection; all setulae black; abdominal tergite 1 basally sparsely grey microtrichose. Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Fig. 319, cerci with short triangular nipple-like structures (Fig. 320), phallus with stipe slightly longer than preglans and glans; preglans with rough black spines or swellings (Fig. 317 a); glans with 5���6 short lobes (Fig. 318). Hypandrium (Fig. 321) asymmetric, with well developed triangular vanes of phallapodeme). Female terminalia not dissected. Distribution. South Africa. Biology unknown. Etymology. Specific epithet rugosa means ���wrinkled��� in Latin and reflects the structure of frons and face. The unpublished name originally proposed by G. C. Steyskal is used., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Tribe Ulidiini Macquart 1835, Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora opalizana sp. n. Figures 276���291. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: Malawi: ��� Nyasaland, Ruo River, 200 '���, 24.iii. 1916 (R.C.Wood) (BMNH). Paratypes: Namibia: 14 ♂, 12 ♀, Opuva Dist., 35 km E Epupa: Kunene River, 17 ��03��� 37 ���S 13 �� 29 ��� 32 ���E, Malaise trap shaded woodland, 9���11.x. 1999 (Kirk-Spriggs, Pape & Hauwanga)label as in holotype (NICW, SIZK); 1 ♂, idem, Kunene, Epupa Falls, 17 ��00��� S 13 �� 15 ��� E, 22. ii. 1995, 1 ♂ (F. Koch) (MNKB); L��deritz Dist., Klinghardt Mtns. at: 27 �� 20 ��� 04���S 15 �� 46 ���00���E, Malaise trap, 27.viii��� 3.ix. 1998 (Kirk-Spriggs & Marais); Malawi: 2 ♂, ��� Nyasaland, Ruo River, 200 '���, 4.ii, 24.iii. 1916 (R.C.Wood) (BMNH); Zambia: 1 ♂, 2 ♀: ��� Rhodesia / Victoria Falls / Nat. l. Park / IV. 36 ���1968 / Spangler��� (USNM). Diagnosis. This species can be easily recognized from all known species of Physophora by the combination of matt, opalescent brownish yellow frons with median bare vitta, a pair of small semicircular spots of microtrichia, ��shaped microtrichose area on the facial carina, fore metatarsus creamy, scutum densely rugulose, matt green or cyan with bluish and brownish vittae. Other two species with matt frons, P. maraisi sp. n. and P. meyi sp. n. do not have subshining median vitta on frons and possess different structure of the phallus. P. opalizana sp. n. and P. meyi sp. n. share, apart from the matt frons and scutum, ��-shaped pattern on facial carina, also shagreened abdomen, long nipple-like structures on male cerci and one long lobe on phallus glans; this possibly shows on their closest relationships. Description. Head (Figs. 276���278) black, with mostly brownish yellow frons, face and gena. Frons 1.1���1.2 times as long as wide, reddish brown, matt with comma-like or triangular parafrontal microtichose spot sometimes reaching anterior margin (Fig. 278), flat without expressed calluses, slightly concave at middle, finely and sparsely yellowish setulose in antero-lateral part. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle black; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face brownish yellow, facial carina with white ��-shaped microtrichose area widely separated from microtrichose antennal grooves; epistome brown to black, rugose, with metallic greenish reflections; lateral sides of face moderately low. Gena brown, 1 / 3 times as high as eye; parafacial matt; facial ridge and parafacial each with white microtrichose stripe; gena posteriorly with short microtrichose mark in genal groove; postgena brown (Figs. 276, 278). Occiput black, with brown area posterior of ocellar triangle. Medial vertical seta half as long as frons width, 1.5 times as long as lateral vertical and 4���6 times as long as ocellar, orbital, and postocellar setae. Antenna brown; flagellomere 1 laterally brown, rounded apically, 1.7���1.8 times as long as wide, greyish microtrichose; arista bare, brown in basal 1 / 4, remainder black. Clypeus brown to black. Palp black, grey microtrichose and black setose. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Figs. 276���277). Scutum and scutellum black, densely rugulose, almost matt, with green or cyan gleam and three vittae reddish and golden bordered; antepronotum, posterior portion of postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle almost entirely rugulose, matt, with narrow shining areas, anterior half of anepisternum and katepisternum, subshining, with cyan sheen; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum, katepisternum, and anepimeron mostly rugulose; supra-alar area and tympanal fossa black, subshining rugulose; postscutellum black, sparsely gray microtrichose; postero-ventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; anatergite, katatergite and lateroventral parts of mediotergite sparsely microtrichose, with faint metallic green sheen. Mesonotal scutum with fine, poorly visible brownish setulae in intra-alar and dorsocentral rows (Fig. 277); acrostichal seta indistinguishable; dorsocentral setae hair-like; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum densely rugulose, with deep blue or green reflection, without distinguishable setulae; with 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly closed, apical section of M conspicuously arcuate; apices of cells r 2 + 3 and r 4 + 5 with small blackish spot (Fig. 280). Postero-apical extension of cell cup 1.1���1.3 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 3���4 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 3.0���4.3 mm. Legs. Black except fore tarsus with basitarsomere yellow medially, with apical (and in female also basal) 1 / 6 dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi yellow except two apical tarsomeres brown; all setae black. Fore femur in both sexes strongly swollen, 3 times as long as wide, with rugose postero-basal area; postero-ventrally with 6���7 short thickened setae in apical half (Fig. 279). Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites black; with tergites gold shining and finely shagreened (Figs. 276���277) in male (especially on sides���Fig. 291) and less shagreened in female; all setulae black; abdominal tergite 1 basally grey microtrichose; female abdominal tergite 2 with pair of dimple-like structures laterally (Fig. 290). Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Fig. 284, cerci with long, antero-ventrally directed nipplelike structures (Fig. 285); phallus with stipe conspicuouslu widened, longer than preglans and glans; caecum apparently short (or shriveled); preglans bare (Fig. 282); glans with one very long lobe and 2���3 shorter claw- or spine-like lobes (Fig. 283). Hypandrium (Fig. 286) asymmetric. Female terminalia not dissected. Distribution. Namibia, South Africa. Biology unknown. Remarks. Specimens from Ruo River (BMNH) and Victoria Falls labelled by G. C. Steyskal as ��� holotype ��� and ��� paratype ��� are in fair condition, and we prefer to designate them only as paratypes, preserving old labels and using the manuscript name proposed by G. C. Steyskal. Etymology. The name (originally proposed by G. C. Steyskal) is derived from Latin ���opalus��� (opal) and reflects the opalescent appearance of the frons in this species., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora kirki sp. n. Figures 194���205. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: Namibia: L��deritz, Klingharts Mt. at: 27 �� 20 ��� 04���S 15 �� 46 ���00���E, Malaise trap sampling, 27.viii��� 3.ix. 1998 (Marais & Kirk-Spriggs) (NICW). Paratypes: Namibia: 2 ♂, 5 ♀: L��deritz, Klingharts Mt. at: 27 �� 20 ��� 04���S 15 �� 46 ���00���E, Malaise trap sampling, 27.viii��� 3.ix. 1998; 1 ♀: 27 �� 21 ��� 13 ���S 15 �� 42 ��� 54 ���E, Malaise trap sampling, 27.viii��� 4.ix. 1998; 1 ♀: Obib waters at 28 ��00��� 08���S 16 �� 38 ��� 48 ���E, Malaise trap sampling, 25���26.viii. 1998 (Marais & Kirk-Spriggs) (NICW; SIZK); 1 ♂ (dissected): Naukluft Park, Tsams Ost spring, 24 �� 14 ��� 45 ���S 16 ��06��� 17 ���E, Malaise trap, 26���27.xi. 1997 (Marais & Kirk-Spriggs); 1 ♀: Brandberg, Mason Shelter, 21 ��04��� 42 ���S 14 �� 35 ��� 33 ���E, 1750m, light trap sample, 5���11.iii. 2002 (Kirk-Spriggs) (NICW); 1 ♂: Matthoche Dist.: De Valle 226 at: 24 ��08���S 16 ��05���E, 10���12.x. 1984; 1 ♀: Namib-Naukluft Park, Ubussis 3, 24 �� 22 ���S 16 ��04���E, 11���13.i. 1985 (J. Irish) (NICW); 3 ♀, Namuskluft 88, SE 2716 Dd, 7���15.x. 1970; Luderitz, Plateau 338, St 2616 Cb, 4���5.iii. 1972 (NICW); 2 ♀: Keetmans-hoop, Kokerboom Forest, 31.i. 2012, light trap (W. Mey); Fishriver, Karios, light trap, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (head missing), 16.iv. 2008, (W. Mey) (MNKB; SIZK); South Africa: 1 ♂: ���02- 304 CA��� 6���7.iv. 2002 (MNKB). Diagnosis. This species can be recognized from the head large, with matt, entirely shagreened orange frons, brownish yellow genae, black vertical plates, epistome, clypeus and most of occiput; fore leg entirely black and mid and hind legs with at most 2 basal tarsomeres yellow;scutum matt green to bronze; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly open. This species is similar to P. igniceps sp. n., sharing widely yellow frons and face, wide and sharply limited facial ridge (in P. igniceps sp. n.. vertical plates and face yellow and frons sybshining), as well as densely rugulose (almost matt) mesonotum, clearly differing by entirely black femora, tibiae and fore metatarsus (in P. igniceps sp. n., widely yellow femora, tibiae and fore metatarsus) and preglans smooth and glans with narrow claw-like lobes (in P. igniceps sp. n., preglans and glans widely lobate). Description. Head (Figs. 195���196) brownish yellow, with vestical plates, epistome, clypeus and most of occiput black. Frons 1.15���1.25 times as long as wide, brownish yellow, with short round parafrontal microtichose spot not reaching anterior margin; densely shagreened, matt, pitted, mostly smooth, with deep medial impression and poorly differentiated calluses posterior to its middle (Fig. 196), conspicuously setulose in anterolateral twothirds except narrow frontal vitta devoid of setulae anterior to ocellar triangle and between medial and lateral calluses in posterior half. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle black; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face entirely yellow, only bottom of antennal groove microtrichose. Facial carina wide (1.1���1.3 time as wide as flagellomere 1), with sharply abrupted margins at antennal grooves; in profile, slightly produced in dorsal ��, concave in medial part; entirely brownish yellow with transverse microtrichose crossband; epistome usually black with greenish sheen, rarely brown or yellow; lateral corners of face very high. Gena 0.3 times as high as eye; parafacial and gena yellow; parafacial with narrow white microtrichose stripe, facial ridge sparsely white microtrichose, with whitish setulae; gena without microtrichose mark; postgena yellow anterolaterally (Fig. 195). Occiput black transverse mark; vertex posterior to ocellar triangle brownish yellow; orbits at posterior margin of eye with white microtrichose lines: at vertex and at postgena. Compound eye green with 5 purple bands, without widenings or constrictions. Medial vertical seta 0.4 times as long as frons width, as long as lateral vertical and 3 times as long as ocellar, orbital and 1.3 times as long as postocellar setae. Antenna yellow to brownish yellow; flagellomere 1 rounded apically, laterally yellowish to brown, twice as long as wide, white microtrichose; arista bare, brown in basal 1 / 5, remainder black. Clypeus black. Palp black, grey microtrichose and black setose. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Fig. 197). Scutum and scutellum black, densely rugulose, almost matt, with faint golden-green to reddish tinge; antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle, transverse suture, prescutellar groove, supra-alar and postalar parts of scutum, anterior half of anepisternum and katepisternum, and whole anepimeron shining black; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum and katepisternum shagreened; supra-alar area and tympanal fossa black, postscutellum black, gray microtrichose; postero-ventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; anatergite, katatergite and lateroventral parts of mediotergite sparsely grey microtrichose. Mesonotal scutum with poorly distinguishable acrostichal row of setulae and clearly expressed dorsocentral rows of setulae; acrostichal seta lacking; dorsocentral setae hair-like; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum almost flat, densely rugulose, with golden green or reddish reflection, with sparse and fine setulae and 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow or partly brownish veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly opened, apical section of M arcuate (Fig. 199). Postero-apical extension of cell cup 1.5 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 2 ���2.5 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 3.5���4.7 mm. Legs. Coxae, femora, tibiae and fore tarsus entirely black; mid and hind tarsi brownish yellow with 2���3 apical tarsomeres brown or black; all setae black; fore femur postero-ventrally with 4���5 stout setae in apical two-thirds. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites shining black, with golden-green reflection; all setulae black; abdominal tergite 1 basally grey microtrichose, tergite 2 with relatively strong black setae laterally; female abdominal tergite 2 with pair of large dimple-like structures laterally. Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Figs. 202���203, cerci with moderately narrow nipple-like structures, phallus with stipe widened, longer than preglans and glans; preglans smooth, glans with 4���5 long clawlike lobes (Figs. 200���201). Hypandrium (Fig. 204) asymmetric. Female terminalia not dissected. Distribution. Namibia; South Africa. Biology unknown. Adults attracted at light. Etymology. The species is named in honour of its collector, South African dipterist Ashley Kirk-Spriggs, in recognition of his contribution into taxonomy of Physiphora., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 45-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora euphorbiana Krivosheina & Krivosheina 1997 Figures 124���137. Physiphora euphorbiana Krivosheina & Krivosheina, 1997: 464. Physiphora euphorbiae: Kameneva & Korneyev, 2010: 622 (unavailable; incorrect subsequent spelling of P. euphorbiana). Material. Type. Holotype ♂ and paratypes 2 ♂: India: Radjasthan, Jodhpur, from larvae collected in rotting Euphorbia sp. (A. Kompantsev) (ZMUM; not examined). Non-type. Pakistan: Kahuta, 33 �� 35 ��� N 73 �� 23 ��� E, ���maggot in a rottened stem of E. [uphorbia] royleana, 30. vii. 1961, 3 ♀ (BMNH); Lasbella Prov., 43 mi N of Karachi, 28.iii��� 1. iv. 1965, 5 ♂, 2 ♀ (Neal) (USNM); India: Tamil Nadu, Dohnavur, 8 �� 28 ��� N 77 �� 35 ��� E, Donevelly Dt., 350 ���, 30. ix. 1938, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (collector unknown) (BMNH). Diagnosis. This species differs from other Physiphora by the combination of entirely brown or black fore basitarsomere, pair of large subrectangular microtrichose parafrontal areas on satin black frons with violet tinge, face with entire transverse microtrichose area and epistome black medially but yellow laterally, wing with cell r 4 + 5 closed but not petiolate, and male genitalia with bilobate surstyli, very wide, partly fused nipple-like structures of cerci (Figs. 134���135) and hypandrium with symmetrical phallapodeme having widely separated, parallel posterior branches and equal vanes of phallapodeme; left gonite entirely lacking (Fig. 136) and phallus with preglans conspicuously longer than wide, leaf-like stipe (Fig. 131) and glans with short, inconspicuous lobes (Fig. 132). It differs from the other species with widely microtrichose frons (P. leucotricha, P. steyskali sp. n.) by the combination of entirely black fore metatarsus and entire microtrichose crossband in the upper half of frons (fore metatarsus mostly white and face with ��-shaped microtrichose area on facial carina in compared species). Description. Head (Figs. 127���128) black, with brown sides of face, gena and postgena; rarely frons, sides of face, postgena and middle of vertex brownish yellow. Frons 1.3 times as long as wide, black or brown, medially with matt black triangle with violet tinge, shining black anterolateral corners and wide parafrontal microtichose area almost reaching antero-medial margin (Fig. 128), and poorly differentiated calluses posterior to its middle; sides of frons with numerous moderately long and thick setulae inserted into small pits. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle shining black with greenish sheen; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face mostly yellow, facial carina smooth, yellow, with entire transverse white microtrichose area covering also antennal grooves; epistome and ventral part of antennal grooves black; lateral parts of face yellow. Gena high, half as high as eye; parafacial and facial ridge mostly brown, each with narrow white microtrichose stripe; gena posteriorly with arcuate white microtrichose mark separating it from anteriorly shining orange and posteriorly black postgena (Fig. 127). Occiput black. Medial vertical seta half as long as frons width, 1.1 times as long as lateral vertical and 4���5 times as long as ocellar, orbital and postocellar setae. Antenna yellow, except falgellomere 1 brown apex, rounded apically, twice as long as wide, greyish microtrichose; arista bare, brownish yellow in basal 1 / 5, remainder black. Clypeus black. Palp black, grey microtrichose and black setose. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Figs. 125���126). Scutum and scutellum black, densely rugulose, almost matt, with green tinge and variable, red to violet reflections; antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle, supraalar and all prescutellar parts of scutum, anterior half of anepisternum and katepisternum, and whole anepimeron shining black, usually with blue sheen; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum and katepisternum shagreened; supraalar area and tympanal fossa brown to black, postscutellum black, gray microtrichose; postero-ventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; anatergite, katatergite and lateroventral parts of mediotergite grey microtrichose. Mesonotal scutum with acrostichal rows of setulae as well as acrostichal seta indistinguishable, dorsocentral setulae more visible; dorsocentral setae hair-like; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum conspicuously swollen, sparsely rugulose, with slight golden reflection, apparently with short setulae over disk (1 / 10 times as long as setae) and 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly closed, apical section of M arcuate (Fig. 129). Postero-apical extension of cell cup 1.5 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 3 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 3.2���3.5 mm. Legs. Black including whole fore tarsus, mid- and hind tibiae brownish yellow or basally yellow, apically brown; mid- and hind tarsi yellow except two apical tarsomeres brown or black; all setae black; fore femur posteroventrally with 5 thickened short setae in apical half. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites black, finely rugulose, with golden (blue on posterior tergites) reflection; all setulae black; female abdominal tergite 2 with pair of dimple-like structures laterally. Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Figs. 133���135, surstyli bilobate, nipple-like structures of cerci very wide, partly fused; phallus with widened, leaf-like stipe conspicuously shorter than preglans and glans; caecum almost three times as long as stipe width; preglans with very long wrinkled membranous area (Fig. 132); glans with 3���4 very short lobes (Figs. 131���132). Hypandrium with symmetrical phallapodeme having widely separated, parallel posterior branches and equal vanes of phallapodeme; left gonite entirely lacking (Fig. 136). Female terminalia not examined. Distribution. Indian subcontinent. Biology. Reared from rotting stems of Euphorbia royleana Boiss. Remarks. This species possesses aberrant structure of epandrium and cerci, which showns no similarities in Ulidiini. It reminds P. steyskali sp. n., which shares widely microtrichose frons and similar structure of phallapodeme, and might be somehow related to P. euphorbiana., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora hendeli sp. n. Figures 167���180. Chrysomyza tarsata: Hendel, 1909: 618 (misidentification; non tarsata Macquart 1851). Physiphora tarsata: Steyskal, 1980: 576 (part: ���? S. Afr.���; misidentification; non tarsata Macquart, 1851). Material. Type. Holotype ♂: South Africa: ���Cape Province. / Swellendam. / 9���14.xii. 1931 ���, ���S. Africa. / R. E. Turner / Brit. Mus. / 1932 ��� 3 ��� (BMNH). Paratypes: Kenya: 1 ♀: ���Afr. or. Angl. (WA���TAITA) / Bura / Alluaud & Jeannel / Mars 1912 1050 RD St. 61 ��� (NHMW); South Africa: 1 ♂, 1 ♀: Cape Province: ���Capland / Willowmor / Dr. Brauns���; ���Chrysomysa / tarsata Macq. / det. F. Hendel���, ���Coll. Hendel��� (NHMW); 1 ♂: ���S. Africa / Cape Province / Graaf Reinst / x. 1931 / J. Ogilvie���, ���Pres, by Imp. Inst. Ent. / B.M. 1947 ��� 13 ���; 1 ♂ (dissected): ���S. Africa / Cape Province / Mossel Bay / January, 1922 ���, ���S. Africa / R. E. Turner / Brit. Mus. 1922 ��� 67 ��� (SIZK), 1 ♀, same labels, except ��� 114. ix. 1921 ��� and ��� 1921 ��� 476 ��� (BMNH); 1 ♂ (partly damaged, no legs), ���Herbertsdale, C. P., R. S.Afr. 19.ix. 1976, E. Helm��� (SANC); Zimbabwe: 1 ♀ Matopos Nat. Park, 28 /ii��� 1.xii. 1993 (F. Koch) (MNKB). Diagnosis. P. hendeli sp. n. belongs to a group of species differing from other Physiphora by the combination of subshining brown or black frons, densely rugulose, dull metallic blue to green or almost entirely black mesonotum, glossy black postpronotal lobe, margins of transverse and scuto-scutellar sutures, and creamy white fore metatarsus. It differs from P. elbae Steyskal and P. obscura by the combination of conspicuously dotted anterior part of frons, entire transverse whitish microtrichose band on facial carina, and narrowly open cell r 4 + 5 (frons smooth, and carina with ��-shaped microtrichose mark on facial carina, and cell r 4 + 5 completely closed in P. elbae Steyskal and P. obscura), it differs also by the small round orbital microtrichose spot on frons (in P. obscura, this spot is large and semicircular; in P. elbae, it is long and cuneiform, almost reaching anterior margin). From P. allomma and P. orinigra sp. n., which share entire transverse whitish microtrichose band on face, black or dark brown orbital plates and ventral part of face, and narrowly open cell r 4 + 5, P. hendeli sp. n. differs by the frons conspicuously dotted at anterior margin (smooth with hardly visible alveolae at bases of setulae in P. allomma and P. orinigra sp. n.). Description. Head (Figs. 168���171) brown to black. Frons 1.1���1.2 times as long as wide, dark brown, subshining, with short round parafrontal microtichose spot not reaching anterior margin, densely pitted anterior part, medial impression and poorly differentiated calluses posterior to its middle (Figs. 169���171), with short brownish setulae inserted in pits. Vertical plates and ocellar triangle shining black without metal sheen; 2 pairs of black orbital setae; ocellar setae lateroclinate, as long as orbital setae. Face black (at most dark brown at lateral corners), with entire transverse microtrichose band widely not separated from microtrichose antennal grooves. Gena 1 / 3 times as high as eye; parafacial and gena brown; parafacial with narrow white microtrichose stripe; gena without microtrichose mark; postgena mostly black (Fig. 168). Occiput entirely black or at most with brown spot posterior to ocellar triangle. Medial vertical seta 0.5 times as long as frons width, 1.1���1.2 times as long as lateral vertical and 4���5 times as long as ocellar, orbital and postocellar setae. Antenna brown; flagellomere 1 rounded apically, twice as long as wide, grey microtrichose; arista bare, brown in basal 1 / 6, remainder black. Clypeus black. Palp black, grey microtrichose and black setose. Mouthparts black. Thorax (Fig. 169). Scutum and scutellum black, densely rugulose, almost matt, with faint cyan tinge or matt black; antepronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior surface of notopleural triangle, transverse suture, supra-alar and postalar parts of scutum, anterior half of anepisternum and katepisternum, and whole anepimeron shining black; posterodorsal parts of anepisternum and katepisternum shagreened; supra-alar area and tympanal fossa black, postscutellum black, gray microtrichose; postero-ventral margin of scutellum without microtrichose area; anatergite, katatergite and lateroventral parts of mediotergite sparsely grey microtrichose. Mesonotal scutum with indistinguishable acrostichal and dorsocentral rows of setulae, as well as acrostichal seta; dorsocentral setae hairlike; other setae moderately long, black: one postprononal, 2 postsutural supra-alar, one intra-alar and one postalar. Scutellum densely rugulose, usually pitchy black or with deep blue reflection, apparently bare or with very short and sparse brownish setulae (1 / 10 ��� 1 / 15 times as long as setae) and 2 pairs of black scutellar setae. Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow or partly brownish veins; cell r 4 + 5 narrowly opened, apical section of M arcuate (Fig. 167). Postero-apical extension of cell cup 1.5 times as long as vein A 1 +CuA 2, and 3.5 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2. Calypters with white fringe. Length: 2.6���3.6 mm. Legs. Black except fore tarsus with basitarsomere creamy white in basal 7 / 8; mid- and hind tarsi yellow except last tarsomere brown; all setae black; fore femur postero-ventrally with 4���5 almost non-thickened short setae in apical half. Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites shining black, laterally finely rugulose, usually without blue or green reflection; all setulae black; abdominal tergite 1 basally sparsely grey microtrichose; female abdominal tergite 2 with pair of dimple-like structures laterally. Male postabdomen brown to black; epandrium as on Figs. 176���178, cerci with moderately large triangular nipple-like structures, phallus with stipe almost as long as preglans and glans; caecum five times as long as stipe width; preglans with fine spinules in apical portion (Fig. 174); glans with 6 ��� 6 short lobes (Figs. 174���175). Hypandrium (Fig. 180) with poorly developed vanes of phallapodeme. Female terminalia not dissected. Distribution. Eastern and Southern Africa. Biology unknown. Etymology. This species is named in honour of Austrian dipterist Friedrich Georg Hendel (1874���1936), who provided the first taxonomical treatment of known species of the genus and described four nominal species now belonging to Physiphora., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 41-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Physiphora leucotricha Kameneva & Korneyev 2010 Figures 206���216. Kameneva & Korneyev, 2010: 627. Material. Type. Holotype ♂: United Arab Emirates: Wadi Safad, in light trap, 25 �� 13 'N 56 �� 19 'E, 31.i��� 21.ii. 2006 (A. van Harten) (SIZK). Diagnosis. This species is somewhat similar to P. elbae in having black femora, whitish fore basitarsomere, gray microtrichose postero-ventral margin of scutellum and narrowly closed, non-petiolate cell r 4 + 5, differing from it by reddish-brown, widely microtrichose frons, and from all known species of the genus by having white setulae on scutum, scutellum, anepisternum and abdominal tergite 5, as well as by male cerci pooly expressed nipple-like structures. Description: Head (Figs. 207���208) black. Frons reddish-brown in medial part, black at posterior and posterolateral margins, microtrichose in the middle, with pair of matt brown, bare spots in anterior half and matt brown spot in posterior half, anteriad to ocellar triangle; fine and short white setulae forming two oblique irregular rows between vertical plates and middle of anterior margin; 1.3 times as long as wide, 1.2 times as wide as eye, parallelsided. Ocellar triangle and vertical plates black, with dark blue or greenish sheen in posterior half; vertical plates shagreened at middle and white microtrichose in anterior part, bearing 3-4 short black lateroclinate setae; ocellar triangle with pair of short black ocellar setae. Occiput with black medial and lateral vertical setae. Face black with greenish sheen, except lunule brown, facial carina with ��-shaped white microtrichose mark, separated from entirely gray microtrichose antennal grooves by shining black vitta, but joining to them ventro-laterally by tips of ventral branches. Facial ridge brown, with narrow microtrichose stripe from antennal groove to ventral end of ptilinal suture; supravibrissal setulae fine, white. Parafacial with narrow white microtrichose orbit from bare spot at antennal corner to occiput. Gena brown, 1 / 3 as high as eye, with C-shaped white microtrichose mark along genal dilation of postgena. Occiput black. Antenna red-brown, scape very short, with blackish setulae; pedicel white microtrichose, with black setulae along rather deep incision; flagellomere 1 rounded apically, 1.5 times as long as wide, white microtrichose; arista bare, yellow in basal 1 / 4, black in the rest. Palp blackish brown, microtrichose, with moderately long black setulae. Mouthparts black; labellum long yellow setulose. Thorax (Figs. 206, 209) mostly shining black with green or dark blue sheen, scutum densely rugulose, almost matt, except anterior part, transverse suture, posterior portion of notopleural triangle and postalar area shining black with faint green tinge; scutellum and posterior portion of anepisternum with densely rugulose. Scutellum gray microtrichose on postero-ventral margin. Dorsocentral and acrostichal setae lacking, 2 pairs each of supra-alar and scutellar setae; all setae black. Scutum, scutellum and anepisternum with sparse, moderately long (1 / 4 ��� 1 / 3 times as long as setae) white setulae. Wing (Fig. 206). Entirely hyaline, postero-apical extension of cell cup long, twice as long as transverse section of vein CuA 2, cell r 4 + 5 almost closed, but not petiolate. Length 3.3 mm. Legs. Coxae, trochanters and femora dark brown to black, except ���knees��� yellow; fore tibia brown, mid- and hindtibiae yellow; fore tarsus black except metatarsus almost entirely pale yellow to creamy white, mid- and hind tarsi yellow, except 2 apical tarsomeres brownish. Abdomen black, with green sheen; abdominal tergite 2 black setulose on sides, with 1���2 rows of whitish yellow setulae on antero-dorsal part except middle, tergites 3 and 4 with rather dense yellowish setulae at sides (on ventro-lateral and dorso-lateral surfaces), very sparsely setulose at middle; tergite 5 sparsely yellow to white setulose, with 15 brown marginal setae; sternites 2���5 shortly yellowish setulose, with 1���2 pairs of short lateromarginal setae. Male postabdomen: sternite 8 short setulose; hypandrium asymmetric (Fig. 213); epandrium as on Figs. 210��� 211, with ventral (apical) lobe spatulate, slightly serrate, bearing 4���5 setulae on edge (Fig. 212); cerci setulose, poorly sclerotized, nipple-like structures poorly expressed; phallus (Figs. 214) with stipe almost as long as preglans and glans; preglans without spines, glans with 9���10 short triangular sclerotized lobes (Figs. 215���216). Female unknown. Distribution. United Arab Emirates. Biology unknown. Adults attracted at light. Remark. This species is a unique representative of Physiphora in having aberrant vestiture of the thorax and abdomen., Published as part of Elena P. Kameneva & Valery A. Kroneyev, 2016, Revision of the Genus Physiphora Fall��n 1810 (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 4087 (1) on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4087.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399511

Aciuroides gephyra (Hering 1938), n. comb. (Figs. 1, 8, 9, 12���13, 16��� 18) Idanophana gephyra Hering 1938: 195 (male); Aciuroides fasciata Hering 1941 b: 199 (female), new synonym; Idanophana missionarius Steyskal 1971: 31 (male), new synonym. Type material. Holotype ♂ Idanophana gephyra: BRAZIL, "Brasilien // Nova Teutonia // 27 �� 11 'B 52 �� 23 'L // Fritz Plaumann /// 11.08.1937 ", " ♂ ", "Type" [red paper label], " Idanophana g. n. // gephyra m. ♂ Type // det. M. Hering 1940 " (ZMHB). Holotype ♀ Aciuroides fasciata: BRAZIL, "Brasilien // Nova Teutonia // 27 �� 11 'B 52 �� 23 'L // Fritz Plaumann // 17.9.1937 ", " ♀ ", "Type" [red paper label], " Aciuroides // insecta m. ♀ Type // det. M. Hering 1940 " (DEI). Holotype ♂ Idanophana missionarius: ARGENTINA, "Mis.[iones,] Iguazu // 4-10 Oct. 1927 // RC & EM Shannon", " Holotype // Idanophana // missionarius //Steyskal" [Steyskal's handwriting on pink paper red-framed rectangle] (USNM). Paratypes A. fasciata: ♀, BRAZIL, "Brasilien // Nova Teutonia // 27 �� 11 'B 52 �� 23 'L // Fritz Plaumann // 15.X. 1937 ", " ♀ ", " Aciuroides / fasciata m. // P. T. // det. M. Hering 1940 " (ZMHB); ♀, BRAZIL, "Brasilien // Nova Teutonia // 27 �� 11 'B 52 �� 23 'L // Fritz Plaumann // 10.9.1937 ", " ♀ ", " Aciuroides / fasciata m. // P. T. // det. M. Hering 1940 " (ZMHB) (one detached wing on slide in BMNH). Non-type material. BRAZIL: 2 ♂, Nova Teutonia, " 27 �� 11 'B 52 �� 23 'L", 30.VIII.1937, 15.X. 1937, F. Plaumann [with labels: ��� Paratype [red paper]", " Idanophana gephyra m. P. T. det. M. Hering 1940 " [h/w Hering]���] (DEI); 4 ♂, same but 11.VI.1937, 15.X. 1937, XII. 1937 [��� ♂ ���, ��� Idanophana gephyra m. P. T. det. M. Hering 1940 ���] (ZMHB); 6 ♀, same but 11.III.1938, 6.VIII. 1938 (1 female genitalia dissected and kept in genitalia vial), 23.IX. 1938, 27.12. 1938 (BMNH); COSTA RICA: ♀ (head lost), Santo Domingo, Prov. Heredia (INBio) Park, 1.VII. 2001, V. A. Korneyev & E.P.Kameneva (SIZK); PARAGUAY: ♂, Hohenau 250 m, 22.X.[19]07 (MTD). Diagnosis. Aciuroides gephyra is similar to A. insecta Hendel, the type species of the genus Aciuroides. It readily differs from A. insecta in wing pattern, which is strongly sexually dimorphic, widely pale yellow in the male, with 2-3 brownish spots on the anterior margin (Fig. 8) or consisting of 3-4 brown crossbands in the female (Fig. 9). Description. Head (Fig. 1) yellow, sparsely whitish microtrichose, with creamy face, brown frons and black occiput; length: height: width ratio 1: 1.43: 1.6; compound eye 1.5 times as high as long and frons 1.35 times as long as wide; face saddle-like to almost straight, almost twice as high as antenna, with ventral margin very slightly produced anteriorly; lunule whitish, with 6���7 black setulae. Head setae black, ocellar, lateral vertical and posterior orbital setae very long, 0.7���0.8 times as long as medial vertical seta, anterior orbital seta ca. 0.6 times as long as medial vertical seta; postocellar seta 0.4 times as long as medial vertical seta; frontal setae not differentiated among frontal setulae, 0.25��� 0.3 times as long as medial vertical seta; genal and postgenal setae black, as long as postocellar seta; gena 0.2 times as high as compound eye, with 6���7 long peristomal setulae 0.8 ���1.0 times as long as genal seta. Clypeus yellow, white microtrichose, 0.4 times as high as flagellomere 1 wide. Antenna yellow, scape with row of black setulae; pedicel with row of marginal setulae and long dorsal seta as long as genal seta; flagellomere 1 yellow or apically brownish, conspicuously white microtrichose, 1.5 times as long as wide; arista yellow basally, brown to black in apical 0.75 of its length, short pubescent, with rays shorter than diameter of arista base. Palpus yellow, with 8���9 short and 2���3 long black setulae, somewhat shorter than, and 0.7 times as wide as flagellomere 1. Thorax brown (prothoracic sclerites including postpronotal lobes often yellow), moderately densely microtrichose (antepronotum shining; mediotergite sparsely microtrichose). Legs entirely yellow to mostly brown, fore femur with 2 posterodorsal and 1 posteroventral rows of setae; midtibial spur twice as long as width of tibia; hind femur with 2 dorsal preapical setae as long as width of femur, and one row of 5���6 thickened, short spinules on ventral surface; all tarsal setulae black. Wing (Figs. 8 ���9, 12��� 13) moderately wide, 2.2���2.5 times as long as wide, with pterostigma moderately wide and 1.2 times as long as costal cell. Wing yellow in pterostigma, r 1 and r 2 + 3 cells; hyaline or pale yellow, with brown microtrichia in posterior half, and 3 hyaline, whitish microtrichose areas as on Figs. 8���9 and 11���12. Costal vein evenly arcuate, with thin, non-modified setulae, R 1 vein setulose along entire length, subparallel to costa; vein R 2 + 3 slightly undulate. Pterostigma at middle as wide as or slightly wider than costal cell, 1.05���1.2 times as long as costal cell. Vein M sections ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 (distance along vein M between crossveins r-m and dm-cu / distance between crossveins r-m and bm-cu / distance between crossvein dm-cu and apex) = 1: 0.9���1: 0.9���1.1. Wing length 4.2 mm (the holotypes of I. gephyra and I. missionarius both reexamined; Hering's (1938) statement that wing length in I. gephyra is 6.0 mm, is erroneous). Male abdomen brownish black, except tergite 1 and sternites yellow or brownish yellow; epandrium brown, surstyli long, finger-like, 1.2 times as long as epandrium, as figured for A. insecta. Abdomen not dissected; only pencil drafts of exposed genitalia of I. missionarius holotype available. FIGURES 8���11. Aciuroides, wing: 8���9, A. gephyra: 8, 3; 9, ��; 10���11, A. insecta: 10, 3; 11, ��. Abbreviations: A 1 ���anal vein, A 1 +CuA 2 ���fused anal and cubital vein 2, bc���basicostal cell, bcu���basicubital (posterior cubital) cell, bm���basal medial cell, br���basal radial cell, c���costal cell, CuA 1 ���cubital vein 1, dm���discal medial cell, dm-cu���discal medial-cubital crossvein, h���humeral crossvein, ptst���prerostigma (widened apical portion of subcostal cell), M���medial vein, m���medial cell, R 1 ��� radial vein 1; r 1 ���radial cell 1; R 2 + 3 ���radial vein 2 + 3; r 2 + 3 ���radial cell 2 + 3; R 4 + 5 ���radial vein 4 + 5; r 4 + 5 ���radial cell 4 + 5; cell, rm���radial-medial crossvein, Sc���subcostal vein. Female (Figs. 12���13) similar to male; wing (Fig. 9) 2.3���2.4 times as long as wide; with pattern of 4 brownishyellow and brown crossbands: wide and oblique subbasal crossband between distal half of costal cell and middle of cua 1 cell, cuneiform discal cell between distal half of pterostigma and r-m crossvein, either separate or fused to subbasal crossband in dm cell; often both subbasal and discal crossband yellow (between costal vein and R 2 + 3) and brown bordered; preapical crossband conspicuously widened posteriorly to dm-cu and separated from both discal and sickle-like apical crossband; pterostigma 1.0��� 1.2 times as long as costal cell, but narrower than in male; vein M sections ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 1.15���1.6: 1.5. Wing length 4.0��� 5.5 mm. Abdomen subshining black, with black setulae and setae; oviscape black, as long as 4 posteriormost tergites combined; eversible membrane dorsally and ventrally with blunt triangular anteromedial lobes of oviscape; dorsal surface with 2 short black taeniae and posteriorly widened vitta covered with dark scales; ventral surface also with 2 short black taeniae, but with wide area posterior of them covered with dark scales; aculeus 1.15 mm long, 5.0 times as long as wide, with flat, oval, apically pointed cercal unit with pointed apex and 4 short laterally directed setulae. Ovipositor. Eversible membrane as on Fig. 16. Aculeus (Fig. 17) flattened, wide, 6 times as long as wide, with oval, apically slightly pointed and not entirely fused cercal unit 0.37 times as wide as basal portion of aculeus and 2.5 times as log as wide, bearing 3 pairs of moderately short mediolateral and 1 pair of ventrobasal setulae. 3 spherical spermathecae (Fig. 18). Remarks. Taking into account the strong sexual dimorphism of Aciuroides in particular (see this paper) and Pterocallini in general (see Kameneva 2004 a, 2004 b; Kameneva & Korneyev 2011), I consider the male holotype of A. gephyra and the female specimens described as A. fasciata to be conspecific: they show no differences in all essential characters except dimorphic wing pattern and genital structures; the position of the hyaline spots on the male wing being in the same position as in females. I therefore synonymize these names here. Hering (1941 b) not only described A. fasciata based on the opposite sex of Idanophana gephyra, but also designated additional " paratypes " of the latter species in that work. Although they are topotypic specimens, because they were not originally included in the type series, they have no type status. Examination of the Idanophana missionarius Steyskal holotype shows that differences in wing pattern does not exceed the observed variability in the Brazilian series of ♂. G. C. Steyskal was apparently misled by some obscure parts in Hering's non-illustrated description and the erroneous statement that the wing length of A. gephyra is 6.0 mm. It is actually only 4.2 mm, of the same length as in the I. missionarius holotype. The female from Costa Rica (Fig. 13: head glued on a carton bar and photographed separately) shows no differences from South American females of A. gephyra, except very minor details of the wing pattern; the exposed aculeus tip has the same or similar structure., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 5-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302, {"references":["Hering, E. M. (1938) Neue Bohrfliegen aus Brasilien (Dipt.). Revista de Entomologia 8, 187 - 196.","Hering, E. M. (1941 b) Pterocallinae brasilienses (Dipt.). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 31, 197 - 201.","Steyskal, G. C. (1971) A second species of the genus Idanophana Hering (Diptera, Otitidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 25 (4), 31 - 33.","Kameneva, E. P. (2004 a) New records of picture-winged flies (Diptera: Ulidiidae) of Central America. Studia Dipterologica (2003) 10 (2), 609 - 652.","Kameneva, E. P. (2004 b) A new species of the genus Plagiocephalus (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Central America. Vestnik zoologii 38 (4), 15 - 22."]}

euphrantina group of species Diagnosis. Lateral vertical seta present. Cell c entirely hyaline or darkened only in apical 0.4 of its length; section of vein M between crossveins r-m and dm-cu (m 3) at least 1.3 times (1.3���2.5) as long as dm-cu. Wing with extensive dark brown or yellow pattern with hyaline spots and incisions, rather than with 3 crossbands (as described for apicalis group); male genitalia: epandrium elongate, but not bar-like, at most 3 times as long as wide. Comments. Two new species, N. euphrantina and N.geomyzina are included. They share the characters as listed in the diagnosis and differ mainly by details of the wing pattern. Males differ by the shape of the head and palpus., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Neoacanthoneura brachioptera Kameneva, new species (Figs. 33 ���34, 51) Type material. Holotype ♂, ECUADOR, Napo: Res. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S Onkone Gare Camp, Trans. Ent., 5.II. 1994, 00�� 39 ' 10 "S 076�� 26 'W, 220 m, insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of licheneous or bryophytic plants in terre firme forest, at Trans. 4, Sta 1 Project MAXUS lot 1431, T. L. Erwin et al. collectors (USNM ENT 00054661), deposited in trust at USNM for eventual deposit in EPNE. Paratypes:; ECUA- DOR: ♂, same but Trans. 2, Sta 4 Project MAXUS lot 1144 (USNM ENT 00054526); paratype ♂, same but 10.II. 1996, at Trans. 2, Sta 2 Project MAXUS lot 1484 (USNM ENT 00054684) (USNM); COSTA RICA: ♀, Rancho Quemado, 200 m, Peninsula de Osa, Prov. Puntarenas, VII. 1992, L-S 292500, 511000, M. Segura (INBIO CRI 000723691) (INBio); 2 ♀, Estrella Valley, Pandora, 28.III. 1984, Malaise trap, G. V. Manley (DEBU); GUATE- MALA: ♂, Matias de Galvez, 14���15.VIII. 1965, P.J.Spangler (USNM) (antennae missing, base of abdomen partly destroyed by dermestids); MEXICO: 2 ♂, Veracruz, Los Tuxtlas Estac. Biol., 16���19.IX. 1989, E.Barrera, T. J. Henry & I.M.Kerzhner collectors (USNM) (antennae missing, base of abdomen one male partly destroyed by dermestids); PANAMA: 2 ♂, Barro Colorado Is. C [anal] Z[one], No 4656, lot 40 -14769, 23��� 24. V. 1940, J. Zetek (USNM, SIZK); ♂, Mojinga Swamp, Ft. Sherman, C [anal] Z[one], I. 1952, F.S.Blanton (USNM); ♂, 3 ♀, same but 14. VI. 1952, F.S. Blanton (USNM, SIZK) (antennae missing); 2 ♂, same but 1.VII. 1952, F.S. Blanton (USNM, SIZK). Diagnosis. Neoacanthoneura brachioptera is similar to N. apicalis in the wing pattern as described for the apicalis group, differing from it in having an apical band joined to discal crossband in pterostigma and cell r 1, and from almost all the species of the genus by the subbasal crossband entirely brown, cuneiform, without hyaline spots in it. Neoacanthoneura brachioptera can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the pterostigma in at least apical 0.8 or entirely brown, so that the discal crossband is T-shaped (in male and female), and by the costal margin of the wing angulated (sharply bowed anteriorly) immediately distally of the level of crossvein dm-cu (in male). Description. Male. Head brownish yellow, with creamy white, finely white microtrichose face and frons orbits, length: height: width ratio 1: 1.35���1.4: 1.5���1.6, with compound eye 1.45 times as high as long and frons 1.3���1.6 times as long as wide, concave. Head setae as described for N. apicalis; 2���4 frontal setulae, of them middle seta as long as anterior orbital seta and 0.5���0.7 times as long as medial vertical seta, inclinate, one posterior reclinate, ca. 0.3 times as long as anterior orbital seta. Flagellomere 1 yellow, densely microtrichose, twice as long as wide. Gena with 5���7 peristomal setae. Thorax brown, sometimes with yellow prothorax and katepisternum, otherwise like in N. apicalis. Legs colouration variable, brown to yellowish-brown or mostly yellow, with black setae and setulae; one tibial spur 2.3���2.4 times as long as tibia wide. Wing (Fig. 33) hyaline with brown pattern, as described for N. apicalis, except basicostal and costal cells dark brown, subbasal band long cuneiform, solid brown without hyaline spot in cell r 2 + 3, reaching apical 1 / 4 of dm cell; discal crossband T-shaped, fused with proximally produced dark transverse band at least in apical 0.8 of pterostigma and fused with apical C-shaped spot; costal vein sharply bowed anteriorly at apical 0.7���0.8 of wing length, with both ventral and dorsal rows of dense setulae slightly thickened, short spur-like. Pterostigma almost twice as long as costal cell. Vein R 1 ending distally of dm-cu level, setulose on dorsal surface only distally of Sc apex, mostly subparallel to costa. Vein R 2 + 3 slightly undulate. Vein R 2 + 3 S-like undulate anteriorly of r-m and dm-cu crossveins, then gradually curved posteriorly. Vein M sections ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 8���10.2: 7. Wing length 3.7���4.5 mm. Male abdomen as described for N. apicalis. Postebdomen superficially as described for N. chiroptera, not dissected. Female similar to male, except wing venation less modified, costal margin evenly arcuate, without thickened setulae, R 1 setulose only along pterostigma, bare in proximal part; pterostigma 1.1���1.2 times as long as costal cell, dark brown at least in apical 0.7, often entirely dark spot making discal crossband T-like; apical crossband crescentshaped, joined to discal crossband in cell r 1 (Fig. 34); wing length 3.3���3.8 mm; thorax, abdomen and legs as described for N. apicalis; postabdomen superficially as described for N. chiroptera, not dissected. Etymology. The name is from the Latin brachium, shoulder, and Greek pteron, wing, reflecting the wing shape of the male., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 15-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Genus Neoacanthoneura Hendel Neoacanthoneura Hendel 1914 . Type species Neoacanthoneura magnipennis Hendel 1914 (by original designation). Hendel 1914 b: 82 (description); 1914 c: 32; Hering 1941 a: 123, 126; 1951: 119, 122; Acz��l 1950: 182; Foote 1967: 57.31 (catalogue); 1980: 36 (comments on the familial position). ��� Aciuroides: Kameneva & Korneyev 2010: 896 (key to genera, misidentification), 900 (genus characters, misidentification); Figs. 60 & 84. Diagnosis. All species differ from other Pterocallini by the following combination of characters: head (Figs. 4���7) with anterior orbital seta long and situated at middle of distance between ocellar triangle and lunule; sides of frons usually (except in N. trypetina: Fig. 3) with 1���3 inclinate frontal setae in front of the anterior fronto-orbital seta; arista short pubescent; ocellar, medial and lateral vertical setae long (except in N. trypetina); mesonotum with 0 acrostichal, 2 dorsocentral, 0 presutural and 1 postsutural supraalar setae, and 2 pairs of scutellar setae (Fig. 7); wing with vein R 1 setulose only on distal half (setulose over whole length in N. geomyzina, N. euphrantina and N. subapicalis), straight or slightly curved in both sexes, pterostigma in both sexes almost as wide as, and as long as costal cell, not widened posteriorly in ♂; R 2 + 3 almost straight (in N. euphrantina and N. geomyzina), or strongly (in N. magnipennis and N. trypetina) or slightly undulate, R 4 + 5 bare; cell bcu closed, with arcuate crossvein, without posteroapical lobe; male costal vein sometimes strongly widened and bearing denticle-like thickened setulae (in N. magnipennis, N. apicalis, N. brachioptera, N. chiroptera, N. steyskali); abdomen shining, non-microtrichose, with all tergites and sternites well-developed, including tergite 6 of female, which is short, but conspicuous, and ♂ without membranous pouches between tergites; male terminalia: epandrium oval with moderately or very short surstyli bearing 2 prensisetae (Figs. 61, 63, 69, 77), ejaculator relatively small (Figs. 78���79); female aculeus moderately long, uniformly wide, bearing blunt (rarely elongate oval) cercal unit with short setulae (Figs. 67, 73, 80, 85). Neoacanthoneura is similar to Pterocerina, Coscinum, Apterocerina, Micropterocerus and Aciuroides in having the arista pubescent, the male pterostigma moderately narrow, non-expanded posteriorly, cell bcu without a posteroapical lobe, and the male abdomen without membranous pouches between the tergites. It differs from these genera, first of all, by usually having the frontal seta present, and from all except Aciuroides, by not having prescutellar acrostichal seta. Species of Neoacanthoneura further differ from species by the non-specialized aculeus, which is neither flattened nor widened, and with a blunt cercal unit. Description. Head (Figs. 3���6) in lateral view higher and wider than long (in male and female); compound eye large, more than 4 times higher than gena; frons gradually curved anteriorly, forming blunt fronto-facial angle; face nearly flat, vertical or slightly receding; clypeus low, slightly convex; antenna moderately long and wide, flagellomere 1 nearly reaching ventral margin of face; arista conspicuously short pubescent; palpus usually elongate triangular (except in ♂ of N. geomyzina: Fig. 6), widest at middle and slightly curved dorsally, often flattened. 1 medial vertical, 1 lateral vertical, 1 pair almost proclinate ocellar and moderately long divergent postocellar setae; 2 reclinate orbital setae of various length, anterior always shorter; often 1���3 inclinate frontal setae more than 2 times as long as surrounding frontal setulae (Fig. 7). Genal, postocellar and postvertical setae moderately or well developed. Head setae and setulae all black. Thorax longer than wide, sparsely and uniformly whitish microtrichose; 1 postpronotal seta; 1 proepisternal seta and 2 anepisternal setae well-developed; 1 intraalar, 1 postalar, 1 supraalar and 2 dorsocentral setae, all postsutural; prescutellar acrostichal setae absent; 2 pair of scutellar setae; subscutellum subshining (Fig. 7). All setae and setulae of thorax black. Legs unmodified, with coxae, femora and tibiae uniformly yellow to brown; fore femur with 2 posterodorsal and 1 posteroventral row of setae; midtibial spur nearly twice as long as width of tibia; hind femur with 2 dorsal preapical setae nearly as long as width of femur; all tarsal setulae black. Wing moderately wide, elongate, 1.8 ���5.0 mm long, usually sexually dimorphic, with brown or brownish yellow pattern with various hyaline bands, spots or triangular incisions, or sometimes hyaline with 3-4 brown crossbands. Costal vein evenly arcuate, with thin, non-modified setulae or in ♂ of some species costal vein bowed in medial or apical part, with setulae of ventral row, and sometimes in dorsal row, thickened, spur-like and often perpendicular to vein. Vein R 1 setulose on dorsal side over its whole length in five species and bare in proximal half in others; vein R 2 + 3 slightly undulate; vein R 4 + 5 bare. Pterostigma moderately long and narrow, non-expanded posteriorly in both sexes. Crossveins r-m and dm-cu usually widely separated, closely approximated in apicalis group. Cell bcu closed by arcuate crossvein, without posteroapical lobe; vein A 1 +CuA 2 reaching or almost reaching posterior margin of wing; anal lobe and alula moderately narrow, vein A 2 developed as fold, sometimes almost inconspicuous. Abdomen shining, non-microtrichose; all tergites and sternites well-developed, tergites 3���5 subequal in length in both sexes and not widened (Figs. 64, 82), tergite 6 of female short, but conspicuous, bearing setae. Male postabdomen: sternite 8 setulose (Figs. 62, 76), epandrium elongate oval, with short surstyli (0.13���0.50 times as long as epandrium itself) bearing 2 prensisetae (in N. euphrantina new species with additional thickened seta); in intact ♂ epandrium appearing like a narrow bar; cerci very short, oval; phallus simple, without apical glans, bare or with sparse fine seta-like scales, neither epiphallus (as in Otites) nor metaphallic plate (as in Myennidini) developed; phallapodeme short, Y-shaped; sperm pump section allied to sperm sac short, elongate, 0.5���0.7 times as long as ejaculatory apodeme; hypandrium U-shaped, with short apodeme; gonites soft, subequal, bearing no visible trichoid sensilla. Female terminalia: Eversible membrane similar dorsally and ventrally, with 2 pairs of equal taeniae 0.5 times as long as whole membrane, without spine-like scales, posterior half of membrane uniformly covered with multidentate scales (Figs. 66, 72). Aculeus moderately long (4���8 times as long as wide), narrow and soft, bearing blunt (Fig. 85) or elongate oval (Fig. 60) cercal unit with moderately short setulae (Figs. 67, 73, 80); only 2 lateral subapical setulae slightly longer, at most 0.5 times as long as width of cercal unit. Ventral receptacle (Fig. 74), simple, not morula-like, with sclerotized apical ���cap��� and slightly folded or knobby basal ���peduncle���. 3 spherical spermathecae (Figs. 68, 75, 81, 86)., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302, {"references":["Hendel, F. (1914 b) Die Gattungen der Bohrfliegen (Analytische Ubersicht aller bisher bekannten Gattungen der Tephritinae). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 33, 73 - 98. (April 30, 1914)","Hering, E. M. (1941 a) Trypetidae (Dipt.). In: Beitrage zur Fauna Perus, Volume 1, Bd. II, pp. 121 - 176.","Aczel, M. L. (1950) Catalogo de la familia \" Trypetidae \" (Dipt. Acalypt.) de la region neotropical. Acta Zoologica Lilloana (1949) 7, 177 - 328.","Foote, R. H. (1967) 57. Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae, Trupaneidae). In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo. Fascicle 57, 91 pp.","Kameneva, E. P. & Korneyev, V. A. (2010) Ulidiidae (picture-winged flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Wood, D. M. & Zumbado, M. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera, Vo l um e 2, pp. 883 - 904."]}

Kameneva, Elena P. (2012): Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini). Zootaxa 3227: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Neoacanthoneura goniata Kameneva, new species (Figs. 35 ���36, 69��� 75) Type material. Holotype ♂: TRINIDAD, Simla / Arima Valley, 6���12.II. 1966, S.S. & W.D.Duckworth (USNM). Paratypes: TRINIDAD: ♂, Simla / Arima Valley, 6���12.II. 1966, S.S. & W.D.Duckworth; ♂, W.[est] I.[ndies], Simla,, 1���15.VII. 1964, J.M.Capriles (USNM); ♂, W.[est] I.[ndies], Arima Valley, 800���1200ft., 10���22.II. 1964, J.G.Rozen & P.Wygodzinsky Collectors (AMNH); 3 ♂, ♀, Arima, Blanchisseuse Rd., 2000 ���, 28���31.XII. 1981, Morton S. Adams (AMNH, SIZK); 2 ♂, same but 3���9.I. 1982, Morton S. Adams; ♂, ♀, same but 12���14.I. 1982; ♂, same but 28���31.I. 1982, Morton S. Adams (AMNH); TOBAGO: ♀, Goldborough, 23.II��� 24.III. 1994, M.J.Sommeijer (ZMAN). Diagnosis. Neoacanthoneura goniata is similar to N. chiroptera and N. steyskali in having wing pattern with the discal crossband and the apical spot joined, differing by the costal vein in the male slightly produced anteriorly, forming blunt angle at crossvein dm-cu level. Description. Male. Head length: height: width ratio 1: 1.5: 1.7, with compound eye 1.6 times as high as long and frons 1.7 times as long as wide. Head setae as in N. chiroptera; coloration and appendages as in N. chiroptera. Thorax dark brown with partly yellowish, densely yellow microtrichose pleura, postpronotal lobes and antepronotum and bordering part of mesonotal scutum yellow. Legs yellow with black setae and setulae, tarsi mostly brown. Wing (Figs. 35���36) with pattern as described for N. chiroptera female, except long cuneiform subbasal crossband and short brown bar posterior of pterostigma base fused along R 4 + 5 vein. In larger ♂, costal vein conspicuously widened between R 1 and R 4 + 5 apices, forming anteriorly produced blunt angle at dm-cu level, with ventral row of setulae with 20���25 thick dentate setulae at R 1 apex level, in smaller ♂ costal vein non-modified and subbasal cuneiform crossband widely or entirely fused with short bar distal of it leaving no hyaline window between them. Pterostigma narrow, as long as costal cell. Vein R 1 setulose on apical half only, mostly subparallel to costa. Vein R 2 + 3 undulate. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 7.1���12: 7���11. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 11���12: 10���11.Wing length 1.5���2.4 mm. Male abdomen and epandrium as in N. chiroptera; epandrium (Figs. 69���71) brown, moderately long, parallelsided, with brown setulae and very short surstyli divergent at 120���150 ��, each with 2 subapical prensisetae. Phallus (Fig. 71) moderately long, with sparse and fine, poorly recognizable seta-like scales. Female similar to male, but wing venation less modified, similar to that in smaller ♂ (as on Fig. 36), R 1 setulose only along pterostigma, bare proximally of Sc apex level; pterostigma 0.9���1.2 times as long as costal cell, wing pattern as in N. brachioptera, except subbasal triangle as in N. chiroptera male (with hyaline window in it) or cuneiform (without hyaline window); vein R 2 + 3 slightly undulate to almost straight in small specimens; vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 8���11: 7���9; wing length 2.6���3.5 mm; thorax, abdomen and legs as described for N. apicalis, except mid and hind femora sometimes yellow; eversible membrane (Fig. 72) with 2 pairs of long taeniae 0.5 times as long as whole membrane, without spine-like scales, posterior half of membrane uniformly covered with minute multidentate scales. Aculeus 4.6 times as long as wide, with blunt cercal unit (Fig. 73). Ventral receptacle (Fig. 74), simple, with sclerotized apical ���cap��� and slightly folded or knobby basal ���peduncle���. 3 spermathecae (Fig. 75) similar in size, spherical, brown. Etymology. The name is from the Greek gonios, angle, reflecting the shape of the male wing. Remarks. Four smaller male specimens (WL= 1.5 ���2.0) collected together with typically larger ♂ (WL= 2.2��� 2.6) have more reduced wing pattern (Fig. 36): apical crescent spot isolated from discal crossband at its anterobasal margin, with blurred posterior angle; hyaline areas of wing mostly gray microtrichose; costal vein evenly arcuate, with ventral row of setulae at R 1 apex level inconspicuously thickened; costa neither flattened, nor widened; vein R 2 + 3 slightly undulate, and vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 7.1: 7.7 (1: 11���12: 10���11 in larger specimens). Larger range of variability in wing measurements and pattern can also be expected in other species of the genus., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Neoacanthoneura chiroptera Kameneva, new species (Figs. 31 ���32, 52, 66���68) Type material. Holotype ♂: TRINIDAD, Simla / Arima Valley, 6���12.II. 1966, S.S. & W.D.Duckworth (USNM). Paratypes: TRINIDAD: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, label as in holotype; 2 ♂, same but 13���19.II. 1966 (USNM, SIZK); ♀, same but 9��� 11.II. 1966, W.D.Duckworth; ♀, same but 11.II. 1966, W.D.Duckworth; ♀ (headless, genitalia dissected and kept in genitalia vial), same but II. 1966, W.D. Duckworth (USNM); ♂, 4 ♀ (1 female antennae missing, 1 female abdomen missing), W.[est] I.[ndies], same but mercury vapor lamp, " 82 - 66 ", 28.III. 1982, M.J.W. Cock (USNM, SIZK); 3 ♂, W.[est] I.[ndies], Arima Valley, 800���1200ft., 10���22.II. 1964, J.G.Rozen & P.Wygodzinsky Collectors (1 male genitalia dissected and kept in genitalia vial); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Arima, Blanchisseuse Rd., 2000 ', 28���31.XII. 1981, Morton S. Adams (AMNH, SIZK) (1 female genitalia dissected and kept in genitalia vial); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, same but 3���9.I. 1982, Morton S. Adams; ♂, ♀, same but 12���14.I. 1982 (AMNH). Diagnosis. Neoacanthoneura chiroptera is similar to N. apicalis in the wing pattern containing 3 dark elements: oblique cuneiform subbasal crossband, complete discal crossband and arcuate or crescent apical band, differing from it by the apical C-shaped band joined to the discal crossband in the pterostigma and cell r 1, and from almost all the species of the genus by the short brown bar (=accessory crossband) at the pterostigma base parallel to the subbasal cuneiform crossband, and not forming closed triangle, separated along vein R 2 + 3 by the distance 1.5���2 times more than its width. Neoacanthoneura chiroptera can be distinguished from other species of the genus (except N. steyskali) also by the costal margin of the wing angulated (sharply bowed anteriorly) at the level of half the distance between crossvein dm-cu and the wing apex (in male) and by the basalmost hyaline spot in cell r 1 open, connected to the hyaline area in cell r 2 + 3 (in male and female). Description. Male. Head (Fig. 52) yellow with whitish face and brownish occiput; length: height: width ratio 1: 1.4: 1.53, with compound eye 1.5 times as high as long and frons almost 1.5 times as long as wide. Head setae as described for N. brachioptera; 2���3 frontal setulae, all inclinate; postocellar seta usually shorter than ocellar and posterior orbital seta. Flagellomere 1 and gena as in N. brachioptera. Thorax as in N. brachioptera. Legs yellow with black setae and setulae; fore tibia, mid and hind femora and tibia often brownish; one tibial spur 1.5���2.2 times as long as tibia wide; basal tarsomeres of fore and hind tarsi with brushes of black setulae. Wing (Figs. 31���32) hyaline with brown pattern, consisting of 2 elements: 1) F-like basal costal brown band between humeral crossvein and base of pterostigma, joined with cuneiform subbasal crossband along posterior margin of costal cell and with short transverse bar at base of pterostigma, delimiting subrectangular hyaline spot in cell r 2 + 3 opened into hyaline field along vein R 2 + 3, and 2) narrow discal crossband from apex of sc cell through r-m and dm-cu crossveins to posterior margin joined with C-like or crescent apical spot. Costal vein sharply produced anteriorly at 0.8 of wing length, with ventral row of setulae conspicuously thickened, short and dentate, setulae of dorsal row thin and unmodified. Pterostigma narrow, 1.5 times as long as costal cell. Vein R 1 setulose distally of Sc apex, mostly subparallel to costa, scythe-like broadened and flattened between R 1 and R 2 + 3 apices. Vein R 2 + 3 conspicuously undulate. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 10���14: 7���12. Wing length 2.8���3.8 mm. Male abdomen as described for in N. brachioptera; epandrium (Figs. 62���63) brown, moderately long, parallelsided, with brown setulae and very short surstyli divergent at 120���150 ��, each with 2 subapical prensisetae. Phallus moderately long and virtually bare. Female similar to male, but wing venation less modified (Fig. 32), as in N. brachioptera; R 1 bare proximally of Sc apex level, pterostigma 1.2 times as long as costal cell, wing pattern as in N. brachioptera, except F-shaped pattern in basal half, as in N. chiroptera male; wing length 2.6���3.5mm; thorax, abdomen (Figs. 64���65) and legs as described for N. apicalis; eversible membrane (Fig. 66) with 2 pairs of long taeniae 0.5 times as long as whole membrane, without spine-like scales, posterior half of membrane uniformly covered with multidentate scales. Aculeus 8 times as long as wide, with blunt cercal unit (Fig. 67). 3 spermathecae (Fig. 68) similar in size, spherical, brown. Etymology. The name is from the Greek chiros, hand and pteron, wing, reflecting the shape of the male wing, angulate and somewhat similar to the wing of a bat., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Key to species of Aciuroides 1. Wing mainly brown with triangular hyaline incisions; hyaline mark in apical half of cell dm not extending anteriorly into cell r 4 + 5 (Figs. 10���11). (Paraguay, Brazil)........................................................ A. insecta Hendel - Wing mainly yellow with brown and hyaline spots in male (Fig. 8) or hyaline with 4 brown crossbands in female (Fig. 9). Hyaline mark in cell dm between crossveins r-m and dm-cu extending anteriorly into cells r 4 + 5 and r 2 + 3. (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Costa Rica)...................................................................... A. gephyra Hering, Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Neoacanthoneura magnipennis Hendel 1914 (Figs. 4, 45���46, 57) Neoacanthoneura magnipennis Hendel 1914 b: 82 (female). Type material. Holotype ♀: PERU, Callanga, originally said to be deposited in (HMNH), neither located, nor studied. Non-type material. COLOMBIA: ♀, Blonay, II. 1973, J. A. Martinez (USNM); ♂ (abdomen dissected and kept in genitalia vial), 6 ♀ (1 female abdomen dissected and kept in genitalia vial), Anolaima, McPhail trap, 28.III. 1978, I.Zenner, J.Cure (USNM, SIZK); ECUADOR: ♀, Prt. Orlina, Rio Triputini, 0�� 38.2 'S, 76 �� 8.9 'W, 22��� 29.VIII. 1999, W.N.Mathis, A.Baptista, M. Kotrba (USNM); ♀, Sucumbios, Sacha Lodge, Laguna de Pilchicocha (00-265, 76- 33 W), 5.IX. 1994, P.Hibbs (CM). Diagnosis. Neoacanthoneura magnipennis can be differentiated from most species of the genus by the combination of the frontal setae well-developed, the wing mostly dark brown with 3 hyaline marginal incisions and 2 round hyaline spots, by the vein R 1 setulose only distal only to the apex of Sc, as well as crossvein dm-cu with its anterior end much more apical than its posterior end; it is similar in all these four characters to N. trupaneina, differing from it by having cell r 2 + 3 entirely brown, including its basal part (with large hyaline spot posterior to the apex of vein Sc in N. trupaneina); as well as the costal cell dark brown in the apical half (entirely hyaline in N. trupaneina). The male of N. magnipennis has the costal vein produced anteriorly and covered with thickened setae along the apical half of the conspicuously elongate and widened pterostigma, as in the ♂ of N. apicalis, N. dryas and N. goniata. Description. Head as figured by Kameneva & Korneyev (2010: Fig. 66.60) (as ��� Aciuroides sp.���); length: height: width ratio 1: 1.2: 1.2; compound eye 1.4 times as high as long and frons 1.6 times as long as wide; face with blunt medial ridge, producing between antennae. Head setae and appendages as in N. euphrantina new species, except ocellar, postocellar and lateral vertical setae at most 0.3���0.4 times as long as medial vertical seta and almost as long as frontal seta; lateral vertical seta almost as long as postocular setae; flagellomere 1 more round, 1.2 times as long as wide; palpus narrower than, as long as flagellomere 1. Gena with 5���7 peristomal setae as long as frontal setae. Thorax and legs as described for N. euphrantina new species. Wing (Fig. 45) elongate, 2.75 times as long as wide, with pattern with one large brown spot in apical 0.75 of its length, with basicostal and basal 0.6 of costal cell hyaline; basal 0.4 of pterostigma, cell r 1 distal of R 1 apex and cell m each with one hyaline incision extending into r 2 + 3 and r 4 + 5, correspondigly; apical portion of cell br and basal portion of r 4 + 5 cell with round hyaline spot each. Costal vein produced anteriorly and covered with thickened setae along apical half of pterostigma, R 1 elongate, reaching level of dm-cu apex and dorsally setulose beyond Sc apex only; vein R 2 + 3 strongly undulate. Pterostigma conspicuously widened at middle, 1.5 times as long as costal cell. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 1.4: 1.2. Wing length 3.9 mm. Male abdomen as in N. euphrantina new species; surstyli moderately elongate, 3 times as long as epandrium, with 2 preapical prensisetae (Fig. 82���83). Female (Fig. 57) similar to male; wing (Fig. 46) with evenly arcuate costal vein and non-modified setulae on it, 2.6 ���3.0 times as long as wide; pattern similar to that in male; pterostigma 1.2���1.55 times as long as costal cell, dark brown in apical 0.6���0.7 of length; vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 1.4���1.7: 1.2���1.45. Wing length 3.5���3.8 mm. Abdomen as described for N. apicalis new species, with tergites mostly dark brown or black except tergite 1 sometimes yellow; sternites yellow to brownish yellow; aculeus narrow, with blunt cercal unit, as on Fig. 85; three spherical spermathecae as on Fig. 86. Comments. Hendel (1914 b) described this species as a member of the family Tephritidae. It has not been included in the Catalog of Neotropical Otitidae (Steyskal, 1968). Later, Foote (1980) transferred it to the Ulidiidae (as Otitidae) and noted that N. magnipennis is closely related to Aciuroides species., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302, {"references":["Hendel, F. (1914 b) Die Gattungen der Bohrfliegen (Analytische Ubersicht aller bisher bekannten Gattungen der Tephritinae). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 33, 73 - 98. (April 30, 1914)","Kameneva, E. P. & Korneyev, V. A. (2010) Ulidiidae (picture-winged flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Wood, D. M. & Zumbado, M. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera, Vo l um e 2, pp. 883 - 904.","Steyskal, G. C. (1968) 54. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae; including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae). In: P. E. Vanzolini, N. Papavero (Eds), A catalogue of the Diptera of Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo. Fascicle 54, 31 pp.","Foote, R. H. (1980) Fruit fly genera south of the United States (Diptera: Tephritidae). U. S. Departament of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1600, 79 pp."]}

Neoacanthoneura trypetina Kameneva, new species (Figs. 3, 44, 59���60) Type material. Holotype ♀: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Barahona, 9.2 km NW Paraiso, confluence of Rio Nizao | and Rio Coltico, 18 ��03'N 71 �� 12 'W, 230 m, 9���10.VIII. 1990, J.Rawlings, S.Thompson (CM). PARATYPE: ♀, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Sanchez, R. Dom., 13���18. VI.[19] 15 (AMNH). Diagnosis. Neoacanthoneura trypetina differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: lateral vertical and frontal setae lacking, short ocellar seta short, vein R 1 bare basally, wing pattern consisting of a large apical spot, 2 short isolated crossbands on crossveins r-m and dm-cu, and wide, straight subbasal crossband, and these crossbands not approximated, as well as vein A 2 present as a fold. This species is somewhat similar to N. euphrantina and N. geomyzina in wing pattern and venation, differing by the other characters listed above. Description. Female. Head (Fig. 59) brownish yellow, with whitish face, reddish frons and sometimes brownish gena and occiput; length: height: width ratio 1: 1.75: 1.9; compound eye 1.6 times as high as long and frons 1.8 times as long as wide; face saddle-like, with ventral margin not produced. Head setae and appendages as in N. magnipennis, except frontal setae absent and ocellar seta short, half as long as postocellar; palpus narrow, as long as flagellomere 1. Thorax and legs as described for N. euphrantina new species. Wing (Fig. 44) moderately elongate, 2.8 times as long as wide, hyaline with 4 separated dark brown elements: 1) wide subbasal crossband from apical 0.3 of costal cell to middle of cua 1 cell, 2) short discal crossband from apical half of pterostigma to r-m crossvein, 3) pale brown spot on crossvein dm-cu and 4) large apical spot widely isolated from other elements. Costal vein evenly arcuate, non-modified, R 1 setulose only distally of Sc apex, vein R 2 + 3 inconspicuously sinuate. Pterostigma moderately narrow, 0.7 times as long as costal cell. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 2.5: 2,65. Wing length 3.5 mm. Abdomen as described for N. apicalis new species, with tergites brown except tergite 1 yellow; sternites yellow to brownish yellow; aculeus narrow, with narrowly oval cercal unit (Fig. 60); terminalia not dissected. Male unknown. Comments. The position of this species in the genus is obscure. It is not clear if the frontal setae are absent (as in all the related genera) or were present (apomorphy of Neoacanthoneura), but broken off. Etymology. The name reflects similarity of the wing pattern to that in some species of the genus Trypeta (Tephritidae)., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Neoacanthoneura steyskali Kameneva, new species (Figs. 37���38) Type material. Holotype ♂: COSTA RICA, Sector Cocori 30 km al N de Cariari, Prov. Lim��n, 100 m, XII. 1993, L_N 286000 _ 567500, # 2495, E.Rojas (INBio CRI001647247) (INBio). Paratypes: COSTA RICA: ♂, ♀, Finca la Selva Pto., Sarapiqui, Heredia, II. 1990, 268800 _ 235300, C. Chaves & R. Aguilar (INBio CRI000 125004 and 125951) (INBio); 2 ♀: Prov Alajuela, San Carlos, P. N. Arenal, Sendero Pil��n, 600 m, Malaise [trap], 1���18. V. 1999, I_N 269100 _ 457900, # 52648 and 17���18. V. 1999, L_N 269100 _ 457900, # 53363, G. Carballo (INBio CRI001 3307392 and INB0003307929) (INBio, SIZK); ♀, Sector San Ramon, Prov. Alaju. [ela], 620 m, 13���28.III. 1994, L_N 318100 _ 381900, # 2766, D.Garcia (INBio CRI CRI001 739201); ♀, Estaci��n Sirena, Prov. Punta. [renas], 1��� 100 m, IX. 1998, L_S 270500 _ 508300, # 2362, G. Fonseca (INBio CRI001 628136); ♀, Rancho Quemado, Pen. [insula] Osa, Prov. Punt. [arenas], XI. 1990, L_S 292500 _ 511000, F.Quesada (INBio CRI000 311681) (INBio); ♀, Estrella Valley, Pandora, 28.III. 1984, Malaise trap, G. V. Manley (DEBU); ♀, Heredia, La Selva Field Sta. [tion] near Puerto Viejo, 21���28.III. 1988, W.E.Steiner, J.M.Hill, J.M.Swearingen, J.M.Mitchell (USNM); ♀, PANAMA, Barro Colo. [rado], C.[anal] Z.[one], I���III.1944, 5126, J. Zetek (USNM); ♂, PANAMA, Loma Boracho, C.[anal] Z.[one], light trap, 29.X. 1951, F.S.Blanton collector (USNM); ♀, PANAMA, Molinga Swamp, Fort Sherman, C[anal] Z[one], 3.I. 1952, F.S.Blanton collector (USNM); ♂, PANAMA, Fort Gulick, C.[anal] Z.[one], 31.VIII. 1953, F.S.Blanton collector (USNM); PANAMA: ♂, 2 ♀, Canal Zone, Colon, Humid forest, Canopy fogging, 2���14.VII. 1979, E.Broadhead et al., B.M. 1979 ��� 125 (BMNH). Diagnosis. Neoacanthoneura steyskali is very similar to N. chiroptera in the wing shape (in male the costal margin of the wing angulated at the level of half the distance between dm-cu and the wing apex) and pattern (the oblique cuneiform subbasal crossband is separated or only narrowly connected to the short brown accessory crossband between the base of the subcosta and R 2 + 3; the complete discal crossband is connected to the arcuate or crescentis apical band), differing from other species of the genus by these characters. Neoacanthoneura steyskali differs from N. chiroptera by the short accessory crossband narrowly touching the subbasal crossband along R 2 + 3 or separated by the hyaline interval along R 2 + 3 at most as wide as the accessory crossband (at least 1.5 times as wide as the accessory crossband in N. chiroptera) including the hyaline spot in cell r 2 + 3 mostly separated from other hyaline areas. Description. Male. Head yellow with whitish face and brownish occiput; length: height: width ratio 1: 1.3: 1.5, with compound eye 1.45 times as high as long and frons 1.5 times as long as wide. Head setae, coloration and appendages as described for N. brachioptera; flagellomere 1 and gena as in N. brachioptera. Thorax as in N. apicalis. Legs yellow with black setae and setulae; fore tibia, mid and hind femora and tibia often brownish; midtibial spur 2���2.5 times as long as midtibia wide; basal tarsomeres of fore and hind tarsi with brushes of black setulae. Wing (Fig. 37) hyaline with brown pattern, as in N. chiroptera, except short accessory crossband (transverse bar at base of pterostigma) delimiting subrectangular hyaline spot in cell r 2 + 3 closed or only narrowly opened into hyaline field along vein R 2 + 3, with gap usually shorter than accessory crossband apically of it. Costal vein evenly arcuate, sharply produced anteriorly at 0.8 of wing length, with ventral row of setulae with 8���9 thick setulae at R 1 apex level, often thickened, short and dentate, and conspicuously flattened and widened between R 1 and R 2 + 3 apices, setulae of dorsal row thin and unmodified. Pterostigma narrow, 1.25���1.65 times as long as costal cell. Vein R 1 setulose on apical half, distally of Sc apex, with conspicuous setulae also over basal half, mostly subparallel to costa, scythe-like broadened and flattened between R 1 and R 2 + 3 apices. Vein R 2 + 3 conspicuously undulate. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 7.2���11: 5.5���8. Wing length 2.5���3.8 mm. Male abdomen and epandrium (not dissected) superficially as in N. chiroptera. Female (Fig. 38) similar to male, but wing venation less modified, as described for N. brachioptera; R 1 bare proximally of Sc apex level, pterostigma 1.2 times as long as costal cell, wing pattern as in N. chiroptera, except hyaline spot in subbasal crossband narrowly closed or narrowly open, as in male of N. steyskali; wing length 2.9��� 3.4 mm; thorax, abdomen and legs as described for N. apicalis; terminalia not dissected. Etymology. The species is named in memory of American dipterist George Constance Steyskal (1909���1995), whose preliminarily studies of Neoacanthoneura were partly integrated into this revision., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Aciuroides insecta Hendel 1914 (Figs. 2, 10���11, 14���15, 19��� 26) Aciuroides insecta Hendel 1914 a: 172 (male); Aciuroides insecta: Hering 1941 b: 199 (female); Aciuroides plaumanni: Hering 1941 b: 199 (male), new synonym. Type material. Holotype ♂ Aciuroides insecta: PARAGUAY, " Paraguay / 21.X.07 / Hohenau 250 m ", " 65.", " Aciuroides / insecta H. / det. Hendel ", "Typus" [red carton handwritten label] (MTD). Holotype ♂ Aciuroides plaumanni: BRAZIL, "Brasilien // Nova Teutonia // 27 �� 11 'B 52 �� 23 'L // Fritz Plaumann // XII. 1937 ", " ♂ ", "Type" [red paper label], " Aciuroides // insecta m. // ♂ Type // det. M. Hering 1940 " (DEI). Paratypes A. plaumanni: 2 ♂, BRAZIL, "Brasilien // Nova Teutonia // 27 �� 11 'B 52 �� 23 'L // Fritz Plaumann // XII. 1937 ", " ♂ ", " Paratype " [red paper], " Aciuroides // plaumanni m. // P. T. // det. M. Hering 1940 " and " ♂ ", " Aciuroides / plaumanni m. / P. T. / det. M. Hering 1940 " (ZMHB); ♂? (wing and abdomen missing), same place and date, " No 31 // beim Klop // im Urvalde ", " ♂ ", " Aciuroides / plaumanni m. / P. T. / det. M. Hering 1940 " (ZMHB). Non-type material. BRAZIL: ♀, Nova Teutonia, 9.VIII. 1937, " ♀ ", " Aciuroides insecta Hend. det. M. Hering 1940 " (ZMHB); 3 ♂, 3 ♀, same place, 1.XI.1937, 28.III.1938, 12.X. 1938 (male genitalia dissected and kept in genitalia vial), 14.X. 1938, 21.10. 1938 (1 female genitalia dissected and kept in genitalia vial) (BMNH). Diagnosis. Aciuroides insecta can be distinguished from A. gephyra by the combination of the wing pattern, which consists of a dark brown field with hyaline cuneiform incisions and rounded spots (rather similar in both sexes) (Figs. 10���11), and the aculeus of the female flattened and widened, with a pointed and barbed cercal unit (Fig. 25). Description. Head (Fig. 2), its setae and appendages as described for A. gephyra; length: height: width ratio 1: 1.5: 1.6; compound eye 1.6 times as high as long and frons 1.4 times as long as wide; face ca. 1.4 times as long as antenna, gena half as high as flagellomere 1 and 0.17 times as high as male eye. Thorax brown (prothoracic sclerites including postpronotal lobe sometimes partly yellow), with whitish microtrichia not covering color of underlying cuticle. Legs with coxae, femora and tibiae mostly brown; fore femur with 2 posterodorsal and 1 posteroventral row of setae; midtibial spur twice as long as width of tibia; hind femur with 2 dorsal preapical setae as long as width of femur; all tarsal setulae black. Wing (Figs. 10, 14, 15) somewhat narrower than in A. gephyra, 2.75���2.85 times as long as wide, with pterostigma narrow, 0.95 ���1.0 times as long as costal cell. Wing mostly dark brown, basicostal cell and base of costal cell pale brown (posteriorly to M vein), second quarter of costal cell with hyaline spot (posteriorly forming hyaline incision or crossband reaching posterobasal corner of wing); apical half with 2 brown bars and yellow or pale brown area between them, posteriorly reaching to vein M; basal half of pterostigma with hyaline spot extending as hyaline incision to R 4 + 5 or M; apical half of pterostigma brown and yellow, widened posterior to R 4 + 5 as brown-bordered yellow band; cell r 1 distal of R 1 apex with 2 triangular or trapezoid hyaline spots, usually extending into cell r 2 + 3; basal half of cell r 4 + 5 with 2 hyaline spots sometimes touching hyaline incision in cell m; cell dm grayish brown, with narrowly hyaline base and spot proximal of crossvein r-m level; cell cua 1 brown, paler at posterior margin, with hyaline spots in cell dm extending beyond vein CuA 1 to posterior wing margin; cells br, bcu and anal lobe entirely hyaline. Costal vein evenly arcuate, with thin, non-modified setulae, vein R 1 setulose over its entire length, subparallel to costa; vein R 2 + 3 slightly undulate. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 2.3���2.75: 2.5���2.7. Wing length 4.2 mm. Male abdomen brownish black, except tergite 1 and sternites brownish yellow; male terminalia as described for genus, epandrium brown, surstyli 1.3 times as long as epandrium, with mesally directed anterior lobe and two blunt subapical prensisetae (Fig. 22). Female similar to male; wing (Figs. 11, 15) 2.9 times as long as wide; pterostigma 0.9 times as long as costal cell; vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 4.0: 3.8. Wing length 4.5 mm. Abdomen subshining black, with black setulae and setae; oviscape black, as long as 4 posteriormost tergites combined; eversible membrane not examined (shriveled in dissected specimen); aculeus (Fig. 25) flattened, wide, 4.8 times as long as wide, triangular apically pointed cercal unit 0.8 times as wide as basal part of aculeus and 1.5 times as long as wide, with 4 pairs of short mediolateral and 1 pair of ventrobasal setulae on lateral processes. 3 spherical (collapsed in dissection!) spermathecae (Fig. 26). Remarks. The female that Hering (1941 b) assigned to A. insecta originated from the same locality as the type series of A. plaumanni. Differences of A. plaumanni and A. insecta according to Hering (1941 b) are the smaller size of the latter, and fusion of the hyaline spot in the apical half of the cell br to the hyaline incision in the costal cell (rather than to the one in dm cell). In fact, its position depends on the relative length of the second section of the M vein, between bm-cu and r-m crossvein (m 2), which is variable even among ♂ originally identified by Hering as A. plaumanni. I believe this character to be of no taxonomic value and synonymize both names., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 8-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302, {"references":["Hendel, F. (1914 a) Neue amerikanische Dipteren. 2. Beitrag. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 151 - 176. (April 1, 1914)","Hering, E. M. (1941 b) Pterocallinae brasilienses (Dipt.). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 31, 197 - 201."]}

Herina lazi Kameneva & Korneyev, sp. nov. Figs 1 –15 Material examined. Types. Holotype 3: Turkey: “ Turkiye, Trabzon, 21 km S Maçka”, 1450 m, 30.VII. 1989 (J.A.W.Lucas) (RMNH). Paratypes: 1 3 1 Ƥ, label as in the holotype, dissected (SIZK and RMNH, correspondingly). Description. Head (Fig. 1): length: height: width ratio = 1: 1.3: 1.4. Frons with matt orange frontal vitta and brown, narrow silver microtrichose orbits. Ocellar triangle and vertical plates shining black. Eye 1.5 times as high as long. Parafacial 0.5 times as wide as flagellomere 1, silver microtrichose. Face entirely subshining yellow, carina straight in profile; antennal grooves subshining yellow. Clypeus yellow, half as high as width of flagellomere 1; antenna and palp mostly yellow; first flagellomere 1.4 times as long as wide, apically brownish yellow, silver microtrichose; arista entirely brown, short pubescent. Palp yellow, slightly widened. Gena brownish-yellow with moderately long setulae, 0.25 times as high as eye. Occiput brown, sparsely white microtrichose at eye margins, shining in the rest. Two vertical, two orbital, one ocellar and one postocellar seta. All setae and setulae black. Thorax (Fig. 2): Entirely brownish black, except postpronotal lobe, notopleural triangle and scutellum mostly brown or yellowish-brown. Mesonotum with uniformly sparse brownish and grayish microtrichia, which do not obscure shining black cuticle, with poorly expressed darker vittae. Pleura subshining, sparsely whitish microtrichose. Two supra-alar, 2 subequal dorsocentral, and 1 acrostichal seta present. Scutellum subshining brown with 4 strong setae. All setae and setulae black. Wing (Fig. 3): hyaline with two brown crossbands and three separated spots. Basicostal cell and base of wing posterior of it brownish. Subbasal crossband extending from apical half of costal cell through RS fork to A 1 vein. Pterostigmal crossband from R 1 apex crossing r-m and extending slightly over M vein. Vein dm-cu surrounded with isolated spot. Apical spot subtriangular, aligned to costa, posteriorly reaching middle of cell r 4 + 5. Vein r-m slightly proximal of R 1 apex. R 1 vein setulose only on apical half. Calypters and halter white. Legs: Yellow, with tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow, moderately setulose (setae and setulae black). Abdomen: almost entirely shining black, dark brown setulose; only tergite 1 brown, very sparsely whitish microtrichose. Tergites 3–5 wide, with lateral margins extending onto ventral side. Sternites 2–4 subquadrate; male sternite 5 (Fig. 4) rounded, very large, almost twice as long and as wide as sternite 4. Female tergite 6 (Fig. 10) half as long as tergite 5; sternites 3–6 with narrow antero-medial apodemes; sternites 5 and 6 trapezoid, sternite 6 3.5 times as wide as long, almost reaching margins of tergite 6. Male terminalia: (Figs 5–9). Surstylus (Figs 5–7) as long as epandrium height, almost straight or very slightly curved anteroventrally, widely rounded apically, bearing 2 large serrate prensisetae, one long seta and 3–4 short setulae; hypandrium (Fig. 8) convex, with dotted membrane, medially with 2 very large symmetrical gonites, each with 3 setulae; sensillar fields lateral of basiphallus not developed; phallapodeme dorsoventrally flattened. Basiphallus large, bulbous, epiphallic sclerites absent, but membrane posterodorsal of basiphallus with 2 slightly sclerotized areas distal part of phallus (Fig. 9) densely and long trichose in basal two-thirds (yellow in basal and brown in media third) and very densely black trichose in apical one-third, apically without discrete glans-like structures. Female terminalia: Oviscape short, as long as tergites 5 and 6 combined. Aculeus (Fig. 11) 1.6 times as long as oviscape and 5 times as long as wide, with oval, unmodified cercal unit. Spermathecae (Fig. 12): flattened subspherical, shorter than wide; one separate and 2 on ducts joined far from vagina. Measurements: WL= 2.25–3.1 mm (3), 2.4 (Ƥ). BL=3.0– 3.5 mm. AL= 0.9 mm. Etymology. The new species is named for its type locality, Lazistan, in the Black Sea coastal region of Turkey, and is considered to be a Latinized noun in genitivus. Discussion. The new species is similar to H. pseudoluctuosa Hennig in having yellow face and femora, short oval flagellomere 1 of antenna, low oval eyes, and the apical brown spot on wing aligned to costal vein in cells r 2 + 3 and r 4 + 5; both species also share small size (WL= 2.5–3 mm), simple, non-bifurcate surstylus with two prensisetae and long mesally seta on mesal surface. H. lazi sp. nov. can be differentiated from H. pseudoluctuosa based on the characters given in the key above, first of all from details of the wing pattern.

Neoacanthoneura dryas Kameneva, new species (Figs. 29 ���30, 53��� 54) Type material. Holotype ♂: PANAMA, C.[anal] Z.[one], F[or]t Gulick, 21.VIII. 1952, F.S.Blanton (USNM). PARATYPES: NICARAGUA: ♀, Masaya Dist., Laguna de Apoyo, banana bait, 29.IX. 1993, E. van den Berghe (CM); COSTA RICA, ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, R. Gongora, 700 m, 6 km NE de Queb. [rada], Grande de Liberia, II. 1992, III corso parataxonom., L-N 319700, 376250 (INBIO CRI000 872941) (INBio); GUATEMALA: ♂, Escuintla: Palin, McPhail traps, 14 �� 24 'N 90 �� 42 'W, 1992, J.Lopes (USNM); 2 ♀, Escuintla: Palin. 14 �� 21 'N 90 �� 42 'W, McPhail trap, 1992, J. Lopez (USNM ENT 0 0 0 51931 & 00051932) (USNM, SIZK); PANAMA: ♂, Canal Zone, Colon, Humid forest, Canopy fogging, 2���14.VII. 1979, E.Broadhead et al., B.M. 1979 ��� 125 (BMNH); ♀, La Campana, No 4104, I���III. 1938, J. Zetek (USNM). Diagnosis. Males of Neoacanthoneura dryas are similar to those of N. goniata in the wing shape, with the costal vein in the male slightly produced anteriorly, forming blunt angle at the level of crossvein dm-cu, but readily differing by the dark elements of the wing pattern much expanded, widely confluent, forming mostly dark wing pattern. Females of N. dryas are similar to N. chiroptera, N. goniata and N. steyskali in having a wing pattern with the discal crossband and the apical spot joined, differing from other species with similar wing patterns by the dark subbasal crossband at least 2.5���4 times as wide as both hyaline areas in cell br. Description. Male. Head (Fig. 53) length: height: width ratio 1: 1.35: 1.6, with compound eye 1.3 times as high as long and frons 1.6 times as long as wide. Head setae, coloration and appendages as in N. chiroptera. Thorax pale brown with dark yellow, densely yellow microtrichose pleura, and dark yellow, subshining postpronotal lobes and scutellum. Legs entirely yellow with black setae and setulae. Wing (Fig. 29) widely dark brown, with alula, anal lobe, cell cua 1 and posterior half of cell dm hyaline, with gray microtrichia, cell m with wide hyaline incision extended into r 4 + 5 cell; cell bm gray; subbasal part of pterostigma with hyaline spot extended into r 2 + 3 cell; cell br at base and at apex and cell r 1 at dm-cu level with round hyaline spots. Costal vein forming anteriorly produced blunt angle at dm-cu level, conspicuously widened between R 1 and R 4 + 5 apices, with ventral row of setulae with 20���22 thick dentate setulae at R 1 apex level. Pterostigma narrow, 1.1 as long as costal cell. Vein R 1 setulose on apical half only, mostly subparallel to costa. Vein R 2 + 3 undulate. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 6.5: 6. Wing length 2.4 mm. Male abdomen and epandrium (not dissected) superficially as in N. apicalis. Female. Head (Fig. 54) length: height: width ratio 1: 1.3: 1.53, with compound eye 1.4���1.5 times as high as long and frons 1.5���1.6 times as long as wide. Head setae, coloration and appendages as in N. chiroptera. Thorax as in N. apicalis. Legs yellow to brownish with black setae and setulae, tarsi usually brown. Wing (Fig. 30) with pattern as described for N. chiroptera female, with yellowish cell bc, but subbasal crossband very wide, 2.5���4 times as wide as hyaline spots at apex of cell br; hyaline spot inside subbasal crossband in cell r 1 small, broadly isolated from hyaline areas or in some specimens inconspicuous or absent; base of cell br brown, with hyaline spot anterior of bm-cu crossvein. Pterostigma narrow, 0.9 ���1.0 times as long as costal cell. Vein R 1 setulose on apical half only. Vein R 2 + 3 slightly undulate. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 7.0��� 9.4: 6.0���7.0. Wing length 2.9���3.4 mm. Terminalia not dissected. Etymology. Dryas ("oak") is the name of a seer in Greek mythology, and is used here as a noun in preposition., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Neoacanthoneura apicalis Kameneva, new species (Figs. 27 ���28, 49, 61) Type material. Holotype ♂, ECUADOR, Napo: Res. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S Onkone Gare Camp, Trans. Ent., 4.X. 1994, 00�� 39 ' 10 "S 076�� 26 'W, 220 m, insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of licheneous or bryophytic plants in terre firme forest, at Trans. 2, Sta 5 Project MAXUS lot 864, T. L. Erwin et al. collectors (USNM ENT 00053921) (USNM). Paratypes: ♀, same but 3.X. 1994, lot 918 (USNM ENT 0054475); ♀, same but 9.X. 1994, lot 918, (USNM ENT 0 0 0 53900 (genitalia dissected and kept in genitalia vial) (USNM); ♂, ♀, GUATEMALA, Escuintla: Palin, 14 �� 21 'N 90 �� 42 'W, McPhail trap, 1992, J. Lopez (USNM); ♀, HONDURAS, Cortez, El Agua Azul, 30. VI. 1964, F.S. Blanton, (USNM); 2 ♀, MEXICO, Chiapas: Tapachuca, Finca, Maravillas, Steiner trap in coffee tree (2 manuscript labels, G.S.Steyskal hand), "HS R- 2-67 ", 21. VI. 1967, H.S��nches; Huehuetan, 11.VIII. 1974, H. S��nchez (USNM). Diagnosis. Neoacanthoneura apicalis can be distinguished from most species by having a very wide and solid apical spot (Fig. 27) (in male) or an arcuate apical band and an additional transverse streak connected to its proximal margin (in female) or a brown apical spot female wing pattern different: with arcuate apical band and additional transverse streak connected to its proximal margin; discal crossband with more or less straight proximal margin. Females of N. apicalis have the wing pattern that is almost identical to that in both sexes of N. subapicalis, differing by having the anterior margin of the discal crossband conspicuously narrower, with the dark spot covering the apical 0.50���0.55 of cell sc. In N. subapicalis, the dark spot covers the apical 0.60���0.70 of the cell and forms a short bar (���shoulder���) at the anterobasal margin of the discal crossband. Description. Male (Fig. 49). Head brownish yellow, length: height: width ratio 1: 1.3: 1.7, with compound eye 1.4 times as high as long and frons almost 1.5 times as long as wide. Ocellar, postocellar, lateral vertical and anterior orbital setae moderately long, ca. 0.4 times as long as medial vertical seta; posterior orbital seta somewhat longer, 0.55���0.6 times as long as medial vertical seta; 3 frontal setae, 2 anterior inclinate, one posterior reclinate, ca. 0.3 times as long as medial vertical seta. Flagellomere 1 yellow, densely microtrichose, 1.5���1.7 times as long as wide. Gena with 5���6 peristomal setae as long as anterior frontal setae. Genal and postgenal setae conspicuously thicker and longer than surrounding setulae. Thorax with brown mesonotal scutum and yellow pleuron and scutellum, sparsely yellowish microtrichose, with black setulae and setae; setulae between dorsocentral rows forming 6 irregular rows; mediotergite subshining yellowish-brown. Legs yellow with black setae and setulae; one tibial spur 2.4 times as long as tibial width; basal tarsomeres of fore and hind tarsi with brushes of black setulae. Wing (Fig. 27) hyaline with brown pattern, consisting of 3 elements: oblique cuneiform subbasal crossband including hyaline spot in cell r 2 + 3, narrow discal crossband from apex of cell sc through r-m and dm-cu crossveins to posterior margin and large apical spot that covers apical third of wing. Costal vein slightly bowed anteriorly at 0.6 of wing length, with ventral row of setulae slightly thickened, spur-like and partly perpendicular to vein, setulae of dorsal row thin and unmodified. Pterostigma narrow, as long as costal cell. Vein R 1 setulose on apical half. Vein R 2 + 3 slightly undulate. Vein M ratio m 3: m 2: m 4 = 1: 5: 4; vein R 4 + 5 bare. Wing length 3.4 mm. Male abdomen with shiny yellowish-brown tergites covered with long black setulae that are indistinguishable from marginal setae, sternites matt yellow to yellowish-brown; epandrium (Fig. 61) brown, long, parallel-sided and with brown setulae. Surstyli moderately elongate and diverging at 60 ��, each with 2 subapical prensisetae. Phallus moderately long and virtually bare. Female similar to male except wing (Fig. 28) venation less modified, costal margin evenly arcuate, without thickened setulae, R 1 with additional 5���9 setulae in basal half. Wing pattern differing as follows. Pterostigma slightly shorter than costal cell, dark brown in apical 0.5���0.55, with dark spot almost as wide as crossband posterior of it and therefore neither T- nor ��-like. Apical band crescent-shaped, with additional short brown streak crossing cell r 2 + 3 from anterobasal corner to vein R 2 + 3. Wing length 3.1���3.7 mm. Thorax and legs mainly brownish yellow, only postpronotal lobes and coxae yellow. Abdominal tergites subshining dark brown, except tergite 1 often yellow to yellowish-brown; tergite 6 hidden under tergite 5, very short and narrow, 5.4 times as wide as long, with 2 rows of short setae; oviscape black, longer than tergites 4 and 5 together; terminalia not dissected. Etymology. The name is from the Latin apicalis, apical, reflecting the wing pattern of the male, which is entirely dark apically., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Aciuroides Hendel 1914 Aciuroides Hendel 1914 Type species. Aciuroides insecta Hendel 1914 (by original designation). Hendel 1914 a: 172 (description); Hering 1941 b: 199 (new species); Acz��l 1952: 419; Steyskal 1968: 54.1 (catalog); 1982: 141; Kameneva & Korneyev 2010: 896 (key to genera). Idanophana Hering 1938, new synonym Type species. Idanophana gephyra Hering 1938 (by original designation). Hering 1938: 193 (description); 1941 b: 198 (key to genera); Acz��l 1952: 419; Steyskal 1968: 54.5 (catalog); 1982: 141 (key to genera). Diagnosis. All species differ from other Pterocallini by the following combination of characters: head with anterior orbital seta long and situated at middle of distance between ocellar triangle and lunule; sides of frons without inclinate frontal setae anterior of the anterior orbital seta; arista short pubescent; ocellar seta and medial and lateral vertical setae long; mesonotum with 0 acrostichal, 2 dorsocentral, 0 presutural and 1 postsutural supraalar setae, and 2 pairs of scutellar setae; wing with vein R 1 setulose over whole length, straight or slightly curved in both sexes, R 2 + 3 slightly or strongly undulate, R 4 + 5 bare; pterostigma in both sexes almost as wide as, and as long as costal cell, in males, not widened posteriorly; cell bcu closed with arcuate crossvein without posteroapical lobe; costal vein in males neither widened nor bearing denticle-like thickened setulae; abdomen shining, non-microtrichose, with all tergites and sternites well-developed, including tergite 6 of female which is short, but conspicuous; male without membranous pouches between tergites; male sternites 4 and 5 very wide and large (Fig. 19); male terminalia displaced from ventral surface of abdomen apically, with long and narrow finger-like surstyli bearing 2 prensisetae and flat and narrow ventral lobes distal of prensisetae (Fig. 21), sperm pump (ejaculator) and ejaculatory apodeme extremely large, almost as long as width of abdomen (Figs. 20, 24); phallus 7���8 times as long as epandrium with surstyli (Fig. 20), coiled at rest on right side of abdomen; female oviscape large and wide, usually longer than 3 posteriormost abdominal tergites; eversible membrane with short taeniae and blunt rounded scales in proximal portion of membrane; distal portion of membrane uniformly covered with broad and short scales with smooth margin; aculeus long, wide and flat, rigid, with cercal unit flattened, apically slightly narrowed, with short setulae (Figs. 17, 25). Aciuroides is similar to Pterocerina Hendel, Coscinum Hendel, Apterocerina Hendel, Micropterocerus Hendel, and Neoacanthoneura Hendel in having the male pterostigma moderately narrow and non-expanded posteriorly, cell bcu without a posteroapical lobe, and the male abdomen is without membranous pouches between the tergites. It further differs from members of most of those genera, except Neoacanthoneura, in that the prescutellar acrostichal seta is lacking. Aciuroides resembles Neoacanthonevra in lacking the acrostichal seta and having a short pubescent or bare arista, but differs by the wide abdominal sternites, long finger-like surstyli, an extremely long sperm pump with large ejaculatory apodeme and the wide flattened aculeus of females. Description. Head in lateral view higher and wider than long (in male and female); compound eye large, more than 4���6 times as high as gena; frons gradually curved anteriorly, forming blunt fronto-facial angle; face very faintly convex or nearly flat, vertical or slightly receding, antennal grooves not expressed; clypeus low, slightly convex; antenna moderately long and wide, flagellomere 1 not reaching ventral margin of face; arista conspicuously short pubescent; palpus elongate triangular, widest at middle and slightly curved dorsally, often flattened. 1 medial vertical, 1 lateral vertical, 1 pair vary long almost proclinate ocellar and moderately long divergent postocellar setae; 2 long reclinate orbital setae of various length; no inclinate frontal setae. Genal, postocellar and postvertical setae moderately or well developed, peristomal setulae mostly proclinate, no vibrissa-like setae among them. Head setae and setulae black. Thorax longer than wide, sparsely and uniformly whitish microtrichose; 1 postpronotal seta; proepisternal seta very short, hair-like; 1 intra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 supra-alar and 2 dorsocentral setae, all postsutural; prescutellar acrostichal setae absent; 2 pair of scutellar setae; proepisternal seta; 2 anepisternal and 1 katepisternal seta; no anepimeral setae or setulae; subscutellum subshining. Thoracic setae and setulae black. Legs unmodified, with coxae, femora and tibiae uniformly yellow to brown; fore femur with 2 posterodorsal and 1 posteroventral row of setae; midtibial spur nearly twice as long as width of tibia; hind femur with 2 dorsal preapical setae nearly as long as width of femur; tarsal setulae black. Wing moderately wide, elongate, 4.0��� 5.5 mm long, with sexually dimorphic, brown pattern with various spots or triangular incisions, or sometimes hyaline with 4 brown crossbands, or entirely yellow with paler areas. Costal vein evenly arcuate, with thin, non-modified setulae and 3 more or less conspicuous costagial, posthumeral and subcostal constrictions (breaks). Vein R 1 setulose dorsally over entire length; vein R 2 + 3 conspicuously undulate; vein R 4 + 5 bare. Pterostigma moderately long and narrow, slightly shorter than costal cell and non-expanded posteriorly in both sexes. Crossveins r-m and dm-cu widely separated. Cell bcu closed with arcuate, basally receding vein CuA 2, without posteroapical lobe; vein A 1 +CuA 2 reaching (or almost reaching) posterior margin of wing; anal lobe and alula moderately narrow, vein A 2 developed as fold. Abdomen shining, non-microtrichose; all tergites and sternites well-developed, tergites 3���5 subequal in length in both sexes, female tergite 6 short, but conspicuous; male sternites 4���5 extremely wide and long, displacing genitalia to apex of abdomen. Male terminalia: pregenital segments as in other ulidiids, sternite 6 bare, sternite 8 setulose; epandrium rounded, setose; surstylus finger-like, long and narrow bearing 2 prensisetae and a flat narrow ventral lobe, located distally of prensisetae; sperm pump (with its apodeme) extremely large, as long as width of sternite 5, the spermsac portion as long as its fan-like apodeme; phallus simple, coiled in rest in membranous pouch at right side of sternite 5, short microtrichose, without separated glans. Female terminalia: oviscape longer than half length of preabdomen, wide; eversible membrane with short taeniae (at most as long as width of membrane), in middle portion evenly covered with rounded monodentate scales, except distal 0.2 of length covered with very short multidentate scales. Aculeus long, wide and flat, with flattened cercal unit, bearing short, mostly ventrally directed setulae. Spermathecae (2 + 1) spherical, with narrow necks. Vagina with simple, wide tubular (non-morula-like) ventral receptacle. Character of larval feeding unknown. Distribution. Almost all specimens are known from southern Brazil and adjacent parts of Paraguay and northern Argentina, except one specimen of A. gephyra Hering collected in Costa Rica. Phylogenetic relationships. Aciuroides belongs to a group of genera in Pterocallini whose members share the following synapomorphies: anterior orbital seta at middle of frons (on posterior 0.3 of frons length in other Ulidiidae), cell cup is closed with arcuate vein CuA 2 forming no triangular lobe along vein A 1 and aculeus highly modified, long, flattened and rigid, with flat cercal unit (Kameneva, in prep.). The group includes the genus Pterocerina and related nominal genera Tetrapleura Schiner, Apterocerina Hendel, Coscinum Hendel, Cyrtomostoma Hendel, Elapata Hendel, Lathrostigma Enderlein, and Micropterocerus many of which were established based on males of sexually dimorphic species and possibly are synonyms of either Tetrapleura or Pterocerina, as is to be shown in the revision of that group in progress (Kameneva, in prep.). Aciuroides is either a sister-group of these, or a derived lineage. At the same time, Aciuroides differs by the very short pubescent arista and bare vein R 4 + 5, which could be either a primary condition or a secondary loss of synapomorphies of the Pterocerina group. The lack of prescutellar acrostichal setae, which could be autapomorphic, also occurs in Neoacanthoneura, but the latter differs in some other key characters and apparently cannot be a sister-group of Aciuroides. Etymology and grammatical gender. The name of this genus is an attributive derived from the genus name ��� Aciura ��� in the family Tephritidae (composed of the Greek ���axys���, pointed, and ���uron���, tail) and a suffix ���-oides��� (having the appearance of), referring to the similarity in wing pattern to Aciura Robineau-Desvoidy (especially A. insecta). It is to be treated as feminine in gender according to the Article 30.1. 4.4 of the Code (ICZN 1999), as Hendel (1914 a) originally used it as feminine in combination with the epithet ��� insecta ���, which in this case is an attributive in feminine gender., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302, {"references":["Hendel, F. (1914 a) Neue amerikanische Dipteren. 2. Beitrag. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 151 - 176. (April 1, 1914)","Hering, E. M. (1941 b) Pterocallinae brasilienses (Dipt.). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 31, 197 - 201.","Aczel, M. L. (1952) Catalogo de la subfamilia americana \" Pterocallinae \" (Dipt. Acalypt. \" Otitidae \"). Acta Zoologica Lilloana (1951) 11, 397 - 433.","Steyskal, G. C. (1968) 54. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae; including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae). In: P. E. Vanzolini, N. Papavero (Eds), A catalogue of the Diptera of Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo. Fascicle 54, 31 pp.","Kameneva, E. P. & Korneyev, V. A. (2010) Ulidiidae (picture-winged flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Wood, D. M. & Zumbado, M. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera, Vo l um e 2, pp. 883 - 904.","Hering, E. M. (1938) Neue Bohrfliegen aus Brasilien (Dipt.). Revista de Entomologia 8, 187 - 196."]}

magnipennis group of species Diagnosis. Lateral vertical seta lacking. Cell c entirely hyaline or darkened only in apical 0.4 of its length; section of vein M between crossveins r-m and dm-cu (m 3) at least 1.3 times (1.3���2.5) as long as dm-cu. Wing with extensive dark brown or yellow pattern with hyaline spots and incisions, rather than with 3 crossbands (as described for apicalis group); male genitalia: epandrium elongate, but not bar-shaped, at most 3 times as long as wide, with short surstyli like in N. chiroptera new species and N. goniata new species of the apicalis group of species. Comments. N. magnipennis Hendel and N. trupaneina new species are included. They share the characters as listed in the diagnosis and differ mainly by details of the wing pattern., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P., 2012, Revision of Aciuroides Hendel and Neoacanthoneura Hendel (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallini), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3227 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280302

Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Type species: Herina liturata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by designation of Hennig (1939). See Merz (1996, 2002) and Kameneva (2006, 2007) for discussion of the taxonomic position of the genus, diagnosis and description of Herina., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P. & Korneyev, Valery A., 2012, A new species of Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Ulidiidae) from Turkey, with the key to species of oscillans group, pp. 69-74 in Zootaxa 3548 on page 70, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282825, {"references":["Merz, B. (1996) Systematik und Faunistik der Gattung Herina (Diptera, Otitidae) der Schweiz. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologisches Gesellschaft, 69, 329 - 344.","Merz, B. (2002) A revision of the Herina lugubris species group (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Otitinae), with the description of two new species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 109 (2), 407 - 431.","Kameneva, E. P. (2006) East Asian and Papuan species of the genus Herina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Otitinae). Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, 7, 15 - 59.","Kameneva, E. P. (2007) A new species of Herina (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Switzerland, with a key to European species and notes on nomenclature and distribution. Vestnik zoologii, 41 (5), 405 - 421."]}

Herina monticola (Stackelberg, 1945) (Figs. 1; 3���11) Myennis monticola Stackelberg 1945: 685. Myennis monticola: So��s 1984: 58. Herina monticola: Kameneva 1992: 29. Material examined. Types. Lectotype �� and paralectotype 1 �� (designated by Kameneva 1992): TADJIKISTAN: Ziddy, S slope of Ghissar Range, 16.06. 1944 (Stackelberg) (ZISP). Other material:. TADJIKISTAN: 1 ��, Anzob, Ghissar Range, upper flow of Shakhman Darya River 28.06. 1956 (Grunin) (ZISP). Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by wing pattern with two pairs anteriorly fused crossbands and the crossveins r-m and dm-cu closely approximated (2 full, joined crossbands on the wing, distal to the approximated crossveins r-m and dm-cu, which is unique in Herina), in combination with the grey and brown microtrichose mesonotal scutum and shining brown or black scutellum. Redescription. Head (Figs. 4���6) 1.3 times as high as wide in profile. Frons 1.5 times as long as wide, with matt yellow, laterally orange or yellowish red frontal vitta and reddish brown margins, long black setulose on vitta and densely silver microtrichose band along eye margin. Ocellar triangle matt black, vertical plates and dorsal margin of occiput dark brown. Parafacial 0.8 times as wide as flagellomere 1, densely silver microtrichose. Face pale yellow, white microtrichose; facial carina concave in profile, with ventral margin of face slightly protruding anteriorly. Clypeus brownish yellow, bare anteriorly, silver microtrichose laterally, 0.5 times as high as width of flagellomere 1; antenna mainly brown, with all joints partly or entirely yellow on medial surface; flagellomere 1 less than twice (1.8���1.9 times) as long as wide, grey microtrichose, rounded dorsoapically; arista brownish yellow in basal tenth of its length, the remainder dark brown, bare; palpus narrow (0.5 as wide as flagellomere 1), rounded, with long black setae. Compound eye vertical oval, 2.0- 2.2 times as high as long. Gena 0.3 times as high as eye, brown, with moderately long setulae; non-microtrichose area ventral to eye 1.2���1.4 times as long as high. Occiput densely microtrichose and yellow in ventral portion. Two equally long vertical setae, 1.5 times as long as flagellomere 1; 1 orbital, 1 ocellar and 1 postocellar seta, all half as long as vertical setae. 4���5 somewhat lateroclinate orbital setulae anterior to orbital seta, 0.5���0.75 as long as the latter, becoming shorter from posterior to anteriormost. All setae and setulae black. Thorax (Figs. 3, 5) black, densely grey microtrichose; antepronotal area, postpronotal lobes, anepimeron, katepimeron and scutellum subshining black or brownish black; pair of brown microtrichose vittae between transverse suture and acrostichal setae; wide brown supraalar area from dorsocentral row of setulae to wing base and between transverse suture and intraalar seta. Mesonotum long setulose, with setulae one-third as long as setae, and 4���5 long postsutural dorsocentral setulae half as long as dorsocentral setae. Scutum conspicuously broad, 1.25 times as long as wide between presutural corners and 1.57 times as long as wide between postalar setae, almost subrectangular and not widening posteriorly. One postpronotal, 2 supra-alar, 2 dorsocentral, 1 acrostichal, 4 anepisternal and 1 katepisternal setae present. Proepisternal seta well developed. Scutellum slightly convex, subshining brown to black, sparsely grey microtrichose, with 4 strong setae. All setae and setulae black. Mediotergite black, pleurotergite grey microtrichose. Legs brown, except mid and hind tarsi brownish yellow, densely setulose, with rows of long posterior and posterodorsal setulae on fore femur, numerous moderately long setulae on anterior and posterior surfaces and 2 subequal long, thickened ventroapical setae on mid tibia; all setae and setulae black; coxae and femora conspicuously grey microtrichose. Wing (Fig. 1) hyaline with brown base and 4 brown crossbands, subbasal crossband reaching from apical one-third of costal cell through basal crossveins into anal lobe, discal crossband fused with subbasal and extending from pterostigma through closely approximated crossveins r-m and dm-cu to hind margin. Subapical and apical crossbands fused to each other in cell r 1, reaching into cell m and separated from discal crossband by hyaline area crossing whole wing. Costal cell brown, with medial one-third hyaline. Vein R 1 setulose only on apical half. Crossveins r-m and dm-cu at level of vein R 1 apex, separated from each other by distance less than half length of r-m. Cell bcu (=cup) with well developed triangular postero-apical lobe. Calypters and halteres white. Abdomen (Fig. 7) subshining brown, with syntergite 1 + 2 mostly grey microtrichose at posterior margin, and tergites 3���6 shining brown to black. Posterior margins of tergites 3���5 with widened medially grey microtrichose area in posterior half to one-fifth, black setulose. Tergites 3���5 wide, with lateral margins extending onto ventral side. Sternites 2���5 subquadrate, sternite 6 (Fig. 8) posteriorly at least 1.4 times as wide as sternite 5. Female terminalia. Oviscape brownish or orange yellow, 0.75 mm long, aculeus (Fig. 9) 1.13 mm long and 0.2 mm wide, with moderately wide and long cercal unit (Fig. 10). Three long, slightly undulate spermathecae with acute apices (Fig. 11). Male unknown. Measurements: Wing length 4.0��� 4.3 mm. Body length: 4.1���4.3 mm. Remarks. Herina monticola is a Central Asian species that shows no close similarities with any other known Oriental or Palaearctic species, and occupies an isolated position in this highly diverse genus. It resembles the European H. florescentiae (Linnaeus 1758) in having similar head and compound eye shapes, grey microtrichose mesonotum with brownish vittae and four dark crossbands on the wing, but can be easily differentiated from the latter by the subbasal and discal crossbands fused at anterior margin (at posterior margin in H. florescentiae), and preapical crossband crossing wing distal of crossvein dm-cu (through crossvein dm-cu in H. florescentiae)., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P. & Pljushtch, Igor G., 2010, The Central Asian Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with the description of a new species from Afghanistan, pp. 42-50 in Zootaxa 2424 on pages 43-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194539, {"references":["Stackelberg, A. A. (1945) Some new data on the status of the genus Myennis. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 48 (9), 684 - 686.","Soos, A. (1984) Family Otitidae (Ortalidae). In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 9. Micropezidae - Agromyzidae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest & Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 45 - 59.","Kameneva, E. P. (1992) Picture-winged flies (Diptera, Ulidiidae) of the Eastern Europe, Asiatic Russia, Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Vestnik zoologii. [25] (4), 25 - 30. [In Russian]"]}

Herina odnosumi Kameneva and Pljushtch sp. nov. (Figs. 2; 12���22) Material examined. Types. Holotype �� (dissected): AFGHANISTAN: Bande-Amir, 3100 m, 4.07. 2009 (Pljushtch). Paratype 3: same data as in holotype (dissected; wings shriveled) (SIZK). Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by its predominantly reddish yellow body coloration, which is not occurring elsewhere among the Old World Herina, and the combination of the pointed flagellomere 1, yellow and brown wing pattern, vein R 1 setulose only in apical portion, and medial surstylus bilobate with 3 prensisetae on each lobe. Description. Head (Fig. 12) 1.4 times as high as wide in profile. Frons widened anteriorly, 0.7 times as wide as long posteriorly and as wide as long anteriorly, with matt reddish-yellow frontal vitta and densely silvery microtrichose band along eye margin, slightly extending into frontal vitta. Ocellar triangle matt black, vertical plates and dorsal margin of occiput shining orange yellow. Parafacial 0.5 times as wide as flagellomere 1, silver microtrichose. Face shining orange yellow, except lunule and antennal grooves matt yellow; facial carina concave in profile, with ventral margin of face conspicuously protruding anteriorly. Clypeus brownish yellow, antenna and palpus reddish or brownish yellow; flagellomere 1 twice as long as wide, grey microtrichose, pointed dorsoapically; arista yellow in basal tenth of its length, remainder dark brown, short pubescent; palpus wide and ventroapically rounded, with moderately long black setae. Compound eye vertical oval, 1.7 times as high as long. Gena brownish-yellow with moderately long setulae, moderately low, 0.17 times as high as eye, with non-microtrichose area ventral to eye. Occiput densely microtrichose and orange yellow in ventro-lateral portion. Two moderately strong verticals, 1 orbital, 1 tiny ocellar and 1 short postocellar seta. All setae and setulae black. Thorax subshining orange, except triangular and posteriorly widened medial vitta on mesonotal scutum (Fig. 13), and entire katepisternum black and densely grey microtrichose (Fig. 14). Mesonotum sparsely setulose in presutural portion and devoid of setulae in postsutural portion. Scutum conspicuously elongated, 1.7 times as long as wide between presutural corners and 1.4 times as long as wide between postalar setae, widening posteriorly. Only 1 postpronotal, 1 supra-alar, 1 dorsocentral, 0 acrostichal, 1 + 2 anepisternal and 1 katepisternal setae present. Proepisternal seta not developed or missing (no alveolus found). Scutellum subshining orange with 4 strong setae. All setae and setulae black. Mediotergite shining orange, brown medially. Legs yellow, except apical tarsomeres brown, moderately setulose (setae and setulae black). Wing (Fig. 2) hyaline with yellow anterior margin from basicostal cell and base of basiradial cell to apex of cell r 1, two brown crossbands covering crossveins r-m and dm-cu, and brown apical band isolated from wing apex by narrow crescent hyaline area in cells r 1, r 2 + 3 and r 4 + 5. Costal cell brown, narrowly whitish emarginated; cell r 1 and extreme bases of cells r 2 + 3 and br brown yellow; pterostigma yellow brown; discal crossband brown, reaching from cell r 1 apex through crossvein r-m into posterior half of cell dm; subbasal crossband brown, reaching from posterior wing margin through crossvein dm-cu into cell r 4 + 5. Apical band oblique, reaching from apex of cell r 1 into apex of cell m, twice as wide as other crossbands. Vein r-m at level of R 1 apex. Vein R 1 setulose only on apical half. Cell bcu (=cup) with well developed triangular postero-apical lobe. Calypters and halteres white. Abdomen uniformly brown or yellowish brown, matt, dark brown setulose. Tergites 3���5 wide, with lateral margins extending onto ventral side. Sternites 2���5 subquadrate. Female sternites 4���6 with long medioventral apodemes, sternite 6 trapezoid, posteriorly at most 1.2 times as wide as sternite 5 (Fig. 15). Male terminalia (Figs 19-22). Medial surstylus bilobate, lateral lobe bearing 2 posteriorly directed large and one small prensisetae, mesal lobe with 2 mesally directed large and one small prensisetae; lateral (anterior) surstylus finger-like, bearing one prensiseta (Figs. 19���21); phallus (Fig. 22) covered with uniformly acute spine-like acanthi, tip short, membranous; epiphallus not developed. Female terminalia (Figs 16-18). Oviscape yellow, 0.57 mm long; aculeus 5 times as long as wide, 0.86 mm long (Fig. 16), with moderately wide cercal unit (Fig. 17). Three long and narrow spermathecae, 0.2 mm long and 8���8.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 18). Measurements: Wing length 4.3 mm. Body length: 4.0 mm. Etymology. The new species is named in honor of our colleague and friend, the Ukrainian coleopterist Vladimir K. Odnosum (Kiev), in recognition of his contribution into studies of the Central Asian entomofauna and on the occasion of his 60 th birthday., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P. & Pljushtch, Igor G., 2010, The Central Asian Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with the description of a new species from Afghanistan, pp. 42-50 in Zootaxa 2424 on pages 46-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194539

Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Type species: Herina liturata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by designation of Hennig (1939). See Merz (1996, 2002) and Kameneva (2006, 2007) for discussion of the taxonomic position of the genus, diagnosis and description of Herina. Herina monticola (Stackelberg) from Tadjikistan has not been included in the above-mentioned keys to species, and we therefore provide the following key to known species of Herina from the Central Asian mountains., Published as part of Kameneva, Elena P. & Pljushtch, Igor G., 2010, The Central Asian Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with the description of a new species from Afghanistan, pp. 42-50 in Zootaxa 2424 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194539, {"references":["Hennig, W. (1939) 46 / 47. Otitidae (46. Otitidae und 47. Pterocallidae) In: Lindner (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 5 [Lfg. 126 - 128]. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 79 pp.","Merz, B. (1996) Systematik und Faunistik der Gattung Herina (Diptera, Otitidae) der Schweiz. Mitteilungen der schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 69, 329 - 344.","Merz, B. (2002) A revision of the Herina lugubris species group (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Otitinae), with the description of two new species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 109 (2), 407 - 431.","Kameneva, E. P. (2006) East Asian and Papuan species of the genus Herina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Otitinae). Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, 7, 15 - 59.","Kameneva, E. P. (2007) A new species of Herina (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Switzerland, with a key to European species and notes on nomenclature and distribution. Vestnik Zoologii, 41 (5), 405 - 421."]}

Key to the Central Asian species of Herina 1. Thorax and femora black (Fig. 3). Wing pattern consisting of 2 pairs of crossbands, each widely fused at anterior margin; crossveins r-m and dm-cu approximated; subbasal crossband wide, reaching posterior margin (Fig. 1). Almost whole mesonotum grey or brown microtrichose (Fig. 5); abdominal tergites 2–5 grey microtrichose in posterior half (Fig. 7). Tadjikistan. .............................................................................................. H. monticola (Stackelberg) - Thorax and femora yellow to reddish yellow (Fig. 14). Wing pattern consisting of one apical and 2 incomplete crossbands separated from each other on crossveins r-m and dm-cu (Fig. 2). Mesonotal scutum with posteriorly widened, black, grey microtrichose medial vitta (Fig. 13); abdominal tergites partly matt, but without grey transverse areas. Afghanistan ................................................................................................................................... H. odnosumi sp. nov.

Ulidia sp. cf. erythrophthalma Meigen, 1826 (Fig 15) Material examined. China: Xinjiang: 3 Ƥ: Tulufan, 20–140m, 8. VI. 1956 (Li Changqing) (IZCAS), Xinjiang: 2 Ƥ: Alaga, RuoQiang, 850m, 8. V. 1960 (Wang Shuyong) (IZCAS). Diagnosis. Frons black with the middle part dark-brown, subshining and shallowly dimpled. Head higher than wide, not expanded anteriorly. Frons distinctly wider than eye, almost parallel-sided. Gena about 1 / 4 times as high as eye. Parafacial not expanded, at most as wide as flagellomere 1. Antennae with 1 st flagellomere round apically, slightly longer than wide. Thorax shining black; acrostichal seta present. Wing hyaline with yellowish tinge, postero-dorsal extension of cell bcu short, slightly longer than the transverse section of vein Cu 2. Halter yellownish-brown. Upper calypter yellowish. All setae dark-brown. Legs black except mid- and hindtarsi brownish yellow. Abdomen entirely shining black. Notes. This species belongs to the group of species superficially similar to European U. erythrophthalma, which also includes U. albidipennis Loew, U. parallela Loew, U. nigripennis Loew and possibly some other species that can be identified with certainty only from the structure of the phallus, whereas females are indistinguishable. Consequently, it is impossible to place these Chinese specimens with certainty now. Distribution. China (Xinjiang).