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ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine the allele frequency of IGF-1 in Kacang and Peranakan Ettawa goats in Indonesia. The DNA samples were extracted from the blood of 105 heads of goats and collected from the South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi provinces. The IGF-1 target was amplified using the PCR-RFLP method. Two allele variants (A and B) and three genotypes of the IGF-1 gene (AA, AB, and BB) have been identified in the local goat population. Allele frequencies of IGF-1 were A (0.81) and B (0.19) in the total population of local goats. Allele A is the most common allele in both the Kacang and Peranakan Ettawa goat populations, with the highest frequency found in the Kacang population (0.87). The most common genotype is genotype AA, with the highest frequency in the Kacang population (0.75). The observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.276 and 0.303, respectively. The population of local goats in these regions was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The conclusion of this research is that the IGF-1 gene in local goats in the Sulawesi region is polymorphic and this diversity information can be used for association studies with growth traits, litter size, and twinning rate. (Polimorpisme gen IGF-1 pada populasi kambing lokal Indonesia yang dipelihara oleh peternak kecil di daerah Sulawesi) ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi alel IGF-1 pada kambing Kacang dan Peranakan Ettawa di Indonesia. Sampel DNA diambil dari darah 105 ekor kambing dan dikumpulkan dari Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Sulawesi Barat. Target IGF-1 diamplifikasi menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP. Dua varian alel (A dan B) dan tiga genotipe gen IGF-1 (AA, AB, dan BB) telah diidentifikasi pada populasi kambing lokal. Frekuensi alel IGF-1 adalah A (0,81) dan B (0,19) pada total populasi kambing lokal. Alel A merupakan alel yang paling banyak ditemukan baik pada populasi kambing Kacang maupun kambing Peranakan Ettawa, dengan frekuensi tertinggi terdapat pada populasi Kacang (0,87). Genotipe yang paling umum adalah genotipe AA, dengan frekuensi tertinggi pada populasi Kacang (0,75). Heterozigositas yang diamati dan diharapkan adalah 0,276 dan 0,303, masing-masing. Populasi kambing lokal di wilayah ini berada dalam keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan adalah bahwa gen IGF-1 pada kambing lokal yang dipelihara oleh peternak di wilayah Sulawesi bersifat polimorfik dan informasi keragaman ini dapat digunakan untuk studi asosiasi dengan sifat pertumbuhan, litter size dan kelahiran kembar.

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indonesian Archipelago Journal of Animal Science (IAJAS) / Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara (JPN) is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Talang Kuning berada di Nagari Batu Bulek Kecamatan Lintau Buo Utara Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat. KWT Talang Kuning bergerak pada kegiatan pemeliharaan kambing Peranakan Ettawa. Kondisi alam yang subur dan lahan yang luas mendukung KWT untuk beternak kambing PE. Tujuan KWT untuk beternak kambing adalah untuk membantu perekonomian keluarga. Transfer teknologi yang dilakukan pada KWT adalah pemanfaatan daun bangun-bangun sebagai feed additive dalam ransum ternak kambing. Pemberiannya dapat secara langsung dalam kondisi segar, diolah menjadi infusa ataupun dibuat menjadi permen jilat (urea mineral saka blok). Infusa daun bangun-bangun diuji coba pada induk kambing laktasi di KWT Talang Kuning. Hasil uji coba pada induk kambing PE laktasi, diperoleh peningkatan produksi susu selama dua minggu. Pemberian bibit tanaman daun bangun-bangun untuk KWT yang kembangkan di lahan KWT serta praktek pengolahan daun bangun-bangun memotivasi KWT dalam pengembangan ternak kambing.

Copyright of Journal of Tropical Animal & Veterinary Sciences / Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis is the property of Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Papua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The main obstacle of invasive hormone research of Etawah crossbreed goats (PE) were the sample collection due to the aggressiveness of PE goats. Improper ways of handling the goats would result in stress which leads to bias on the data. This research aims to determine the level of fecal progesterone of PE goats during pregnancy. This research use 5 pregnant and 5 non-pregnant PE goats. Diagnosis of pregnancy was conducted by observing the absence of estrus after breeding. Fecal collection was conducted in week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 2 weeks after parturition but sample collection of non-pregnant goats conducted once. The sample of fecal which has been collected then frozen and extracted using methanol 80% as much as 3 ml. The fecal extract was analyzed using EIA KIT progesterone. The results of measurement of fecal progesterone level were 6,282 ± 950.96 ng/gr of feces (week 4 of pregnancy); 18,391.8 ± 2,584 ng/gr (week 8 of pregnancy); 25,958.4 ± 3,447.1 ng/gr of feces (week 12 of pregnancy); 25,233.4 is ± 3,306 ng/gr of feces (week 16 of pregnancy); 18,238.2 ± 3,069.5 ng/gr of feces (week 20 of pregnancy). The level of fecal progesterone in 2 weeks after giving birth was 516 ± 228.16 ng/gr of feces. Meanwhile, the level of fecal progesterone of non-pregnant PE goats is 254.2± 214.5 ng/gr of feces. The conclusion of the progesterone level of PE goats during pregnancy can be detected using the sample of feces with the highest level in week 12 of pregnancy. Keywords: Feces; Non-invasive; PE Goats; Progesterone Abstrak Kendala utama penelitian hormonal secara invasive pada kambing Peranakan Ettawah (PE) pengambilan sampel pada hewan tersebut karena karakteristik kambing PE yang sangat agresif. Handling yang tidak tepat dapat menjadi stresor yang akan menghasilkan data yang bias. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar hormon progesteron feses pada kambing PE selama kebuntingan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 ekor kambing PE bunting dan 5 kambing PE tidak bunting. Diagnosa kebuntingan dilakukan dengan pengamatan tidak munculnya estrus setelah pengawinan. Pengambilan feses dilakukan pada minggu ke 4, 8, 12, 16 dan ke 20 dan 2 minggu setelah partus. Pada kambing tidak bunting, pengambilan sampel dilakukan 1 kali. Sampel feses yang telah terkumpul, dikeringbeku dan kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan methanol 80% sebanyak 3 ml untuk selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan KIT Progesteron (Calbiotech R - USA). Hasil uji pararelism menunjukkan adanya penurunan OD secara paralel seiring dengan besarnya pengenceran sampel. Kadar progesteron feses didapatkan, 6.282 ± 950.96 ng/gr feses (minggu ke 4 kebuntingan); 18.391,8 ± 2584 ng/gr fese (minggu ke 8 kebuntingan); 25.958, 4 ± 3.447,1 ng/gr feses (minggu ke 12 kebuntingan); 25.233,4 ± 3.306 ng/gr feses (minggu ke 16 kebuntingan); 18.238,2 ± 3.069,5 ng/gr feses (minggu ke 20 kebuntingan). Kadar progesteron feses 2 minggu setelah melahirkan adalah 516 ± 228,16 ng/gr feses sedangkan progesteron kambing PE tidak bunting adalah 254,2 ± 214,5 ng/gr feses. Kesimpulan kadar progesteron kambing PE selama kebuntingan dapat dideteksi menggunakan sampel feses dengan kadar tertinggi pada minggu ke 12 kebuntingan. Kata Kunci: Feses; Kambing PE, Non-invasif, Progesteron

Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas susu kambing PE di Peternakan Ranting Mas dengan melakukan uji didih, uji alkohol dan total plate count. Kambing yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah semua kambing PE yang sedang laktasi di peternakan Ranting Mas. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei secara langsung dan analisis laboratorium. Data yang di ambil adalah data primer yang merupakan pengamatan dan wawacara langsung dengan menggunakan kuisioner Ditjen Peternakan tahun 1992 dan data sekunder catatan dari peternak (recording) maupun instansi terkait. Data yang didapatkan di analisis secara deskriptif dengan rataan hitung dan standar deviasi. Parameter yang di ukur adalah uji didih, uji alkohol dan total plate count susu kambing PE serta penerapan aspek teknis menurut Ditjen Peternakan tahun 1992. Rerata uji didih, alkohol, total plate count dan penerapan aspek teknis secara berturut-turut di Peternakan Ranting Mas yaitu negatif, negatif, 3,9 x 105 ± 1,27 cfu/ml dan 90,50% (masuk kategori baik menurut Ditjen Peternakan tahun 1992). Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di Peternakan Ranting Mas dapat disimpulkan susu kambing hasil penelitian ini masih memiliki kualitas yang baik dan sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia tahun 2011 serta penerpan aspek teknis di lokasi penelitian termasuk kedalam kategori baik sesuai dengan standar Ditjen Peternakan tahun 1992.

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Coleus amboinicus L. (daun bangun-bangun) dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merr (daun katuk) terhadap produksi susu kambing Peranakan Etawah. Enam belas ekor kambing Peranakan Etawah laktasi digunakan pada penelitian ini dengan rancangan acak kelompok 4 x 4. Perlakuan P0 = 30% konsentrat +70% hijauan, P1= P0+6 g/kg BK Coleus amboinicus L., P2 = P0+6 g/kg BK Sauropus androgynus L. Merr, dan P3 =3 g/kg BK Coleus amboinicus L. +3 g/kg BK Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum (bahan kering, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, Ca dan P), produksi susu dan kualitas susu (bahan kering, bahan kering tanpa lemak, lemak, protein, casein dan berat jenis). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, jika berbeda nyata antar perlakuan dilakukan uji lanjut berganda Duncan. Perlakuan pemberian Coleus amboinicus L. dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merr tidak memengaruhi konsumsi bahan kering (BK) pakan, protein kasar (PK), lemak kasar (LK), serat kasar (SK), Ca dan P (P0,05). Perlakuan Coleus amboinicus L. dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merr dapat meningkatkan produksi susu (P0,05), namun tidak memengaruhi kualitas susu (bahan kering, bahan kering tanpa lemak, lemak, protein dan casein) (P0.05) dan sangat nyata memengaruhi berat jenis (BJ) susu kambing Peranakan Etawah (P0,01). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Coleus amboinicus L. dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merr dapat meningkatkan produksi susu, tetapi tidak memengaruhi konsumsi ransum dan kualitas susu. (Increased production of Etawah cross-breed goat milk by giving Coleus amboinicus Lour and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) ABSTRACT. This study intended to determine the effect of Coleus amboinicus L. and Sauropus androgynus L. Mers on Etawah crossbreed goat milk production. Sixteen lactating Etawah crossbred goats were used in the 4 x 4 randomized block experiment consisted of four treatments, P0 = 30% concentrate + 70% forage, P1 = P0 + 6 g/kg Coleus amboinicus L., P2 = P0 + 6 g/kg Sauropus androgynus L. Merr and P3 = 3 g/kg Coleus amboinicus L. + 3 g/kg Sauropus androgynus L. Merr on dry matter basis. The variables measured were consumption (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, Ca and P), milk production and milk quality (dry matter, milk solid non fat, protein, specific gravity). Data were analyzed by ANOVA, if there were differences between treatments, Duncan's multiple-test was carried out. The result showed that, the addition of Coleus amboinicus L. and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr in ration did not affect dry matter consumption, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, Ca and P (P0.05). Coleus amboinicus L and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr significantly increased milk production (P0.05), and highly affected specific gravity of Etawah crossbreed goat milk (P 0.01), but did not affect milk quality (dry matter, dry ingredients non fat, protein fat and casein) (P0.05). It could be concluded that the addition of Coleus amboinicus L. and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr increased milk production, but did not affect consumption and milk quality.

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Animal & Veterinary Sciences / Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner is the property of Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to explore physical characteristics and its correlation to feed digestibility in goat. Sixteen Ettawah Grade goats in the second milk production periods and in the 4-5th month of lactation were used in this study. The study was arranged with completely randomized block block design based on milk production as replications. The goats were fed ration containing 16% of crude protein and 65% of total digestible nutrients (TDN). Some of crude protein content were supplied by urea. The treatments were control ration (without urea; T0), ration with 0.4% urea (T1), ration with 0.8% urea (T2), and ration with 1.2% urea (T3). Parameters observed were feed digestibility, fecal extended level (FEL), and fecal rough particle distribution (FRPD). Data were analyzed using correlation-regression to find the correlation between fecal characteristics and feed digestibility. The results showed that urea content in the rations up to 1.2% of dry matter did not affect dry mater digestibility, water content and fecal characteristics (FEL and FRPD). There were highly negative correlation (r= -0.665) between feed digestibility and water content of feces as well as feed digestibility and FEL (r= -0.553), while correlation between digestibility and FRDP was positive (r=0.608). The conclusion of this study was water content, degree of FEL and FRPD can be used to determine the quality of feed. If feces composed of finer texture, dried and small particles indicated having better digestibility, while if feces composed of rough texture, wet, and large particles indicated having low digestibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this study were to 1) identify the size and shape of cranium of three breeds of Central Java local goats (Kejobong, Kacang and Ettawa Grade), 2) examine the effectiveness of multivariate analysis of cranial measurement and 3) estimate genetic distance among three local breeds of goat. The material used was cranium from female Kejobong, Kacang and Ettawa Grade goats, aged for about 4 years (determined on the basis based on eruption of teeth), the number of specimens were 30; 10 and 10, respectively. Twenty seven cranial measurements used to data observed, multivariate analysis of GLM, CANDISC, PRINCOMP and DISCRIM were used to analysis all data observed. UPGMA of MEGA 5 was used to illustrate the distance among breeds. Results showed that Ettawa Grade tended to show the largest size, followed by Kejobong and Kacang goats. Kejobong goat showed small cranium size with large cranium shape. Different things was found in Kacang goats in which cranium size and cranium shape are relatively small. Kacang breed showed the smaller size (Principal Component I or PC-1 = -2) compared to Ettawa Grade (PC-I = 3) and Kejobong goat (PC-I = -1). Analysis for classifying three breeds of local goat resulted in high accuracy (100%) as indicated by 0% of erroneous level (0%). Kejobong goat was close to in the genetic relationship to Kacang goat compared to Ettawa Grade goat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this study were to 1) identify the size and shape of cranium of three breeds of Central Java local goats (Kejobong, Kacang and Ettawa Grade), 2) examine the effectiveness of multivariate analysis of cranial measurement and 3) estimate genetic distance among three local breeds of goat. The material used was cranium from female Kejobong, Kacang and Ettawa Grade goats, aged for about 4 years (determined on the basis based on eruption of teeth), the number of specimens were 30; 10 and 10, respectively. Twenty seven cranial measurements used to data observed, multivariate analysis of GLM, CANDISC, PRINCOMP and DISCRIM were used to analysis all data observed. UPGMA of MEGA 5 was used to illustrate the distance among breeds. Results showed that Ettawa Grade tended to show the largest size, followed by Kejobong and Kacang goats. Kejobong goat showed small cranium size with large cranium shape. Different things was found in Kacang goats in which cranium size and cranium shape are relatively small. Kacang breed showed the smaller size (Principal Component I or PC-1 = -2) compared to Ettawa Grade (PC-I = 3) and Kejobong goat (PC-I = -1). Analysis for classifying three breeds of local goat resulted in high accuracy (100%) as indicated by 0% of erroneous level (0%). Kejobong goat was close to in the genetic relationship to Kacang goat compared to Ettawa Grade goat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]