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1. Applying an evolutionary mismatch framework to understand disease susceptibility.

Author

Lea, Amanda, Clark, Andrew, Dahl, Andrew, Devinsky, Orrin, Garcia, Angela, Golden, Christopher, Kamau, Joseph, Kraft, Thomas, Lim, Yvonne, Martins, Dino, Mogoi, Donald, Pajukanta, Päivi, Perry, George, Pontzer, Herman, Trumble, Benjamin, Urlacher, Samuel, Venkataraman, Vivek, Wallace, Ian, Lieberman, Daniel, Ayroles, Julien, and Gurven, Michael

Subjects
Humans, Disease Susceptibility, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Biological Evolution, Cardiovascular Diseases, Genomics
Abstract

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide. Obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes are among a long list of lifestyle diseases that were rare throughout human history but are now common. The evolutionary mismatch hypothesis posits that humans evolved in environments that radically differ from those we currently experience; consequently, traits that were once advantageous may now be mismatched and disease causing. At the genetic level, this hypothesis predicts that loci with a history of selection will exhibit genotype by environment (GxE) interactions, with different health effects in ancestral versus modern environments. To identify such loci, we advocate for combining genomic tools in partnership with subsistence-level groups experiencing rapid lifestyle change. In these populations, comparisons of individuals falling on opposite extremes of the matched to mismatched spectrum are uniquely possible. More broadly, the work we propose will inform our understanding of environmental and genetic risk factors for NCDs across diverse ancestries and cultures.

Published
2023

2. Evolutionary mismatch and the role of GxE interactions in human disease

Author

Lea, Amanda J., Clark, Andrew G., Dahl, Andrew W., Devinsky, Orrin, Garcia, Angela R., Golden, Christopher D., Kamau, Joseph, Kraft, Thomas S., Lim, Yvonne A. L., Martins, Dino, Mogoi, Donald, Pajukanta, Paivi, Perry, George, Pontzer, Herman, Trumble, Benjamin C., Urlacher, Samuel S., Venkataraman, Vivek V., Wallace, Ian J., Gurven, Michael, Lieberman, Daniel, and Ayroles, Julien F.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Quantitative Biology - Genomics
Abstract

Globally, we are witnessing the rise of complex, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related to changes in our daily environments. Obesity, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes are part of a long list of "lifestyle" diseases that were rare throughout human history but are now common. A key idea from anthropology and evolutionary biology--the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis--seeks to explain this phenomenon. It posits that humans evolved in environments that radically differ from the ones experienced by most people today, and thus traits that were advantageous in past environments may now be "mismatched" and disease-causing. This hypothesis is, at its core, a genetic one: it predicts that loci with a history of selection will exhibit "genotype by environment" (GxE) interactions and have differential health effects in ancestral versus modern environments. Here, we discuss how this concept could be leveraged to uncover the genetic architecture of NCDs in a principled way. Specifically, we advocate for partnering with small-scale, subsistence-level groups that are currently transitioning from environments that are arguably more "matched" with their recent evolutionary history to those that are more "mismatched". These populations provide diverse genetic backgrounds as well as the needed levels and types of environmental variation necessary for mapping GxE interactions in an explicit mismatch framework. Such work would make important contributions to our understanding of environmental and genetic risk factors for NCDs across diverse ancestries and sociocultural contexts.

Published
2023

3. Author Correction: Predicting the potential for zoonotic transmission and host associations for novel viruses

Author

Pandit, Pranav S., Anthony, Simon J., Goldstein, Tracey, Olival, Kevin J., Doyle, Megan M., Gardner, Nicole R., Bird, Brian, Smith, Woutrina, Wolking, David, Gilardi, Kirsten, Monagin, Corina, Kelly, Terra, Uhart, Marcela M., Epstein, Jonathan H., Machalaba, Catherine, Rostal, Melinda K., Dawson, Patrick, Hagan, Emily, Sullivan, Ava, Li, Hongying, Chmura, Aleksei A., Latinne, Alice, Lange, Christian, O’Rourke, Tammie, Olson, Sarah, Keatts, Lucy, Mendoza, A. Patricia, Perez, Alberto, de Paula, Cátia Dejuste, Zimmerman, Dawn, Valitutto, Marc, LeBreton, Matthew, McIver, David, Islam, Ariful, Duong, Veasna, Mouiche, Moctar, Shi, Zhengli, Mulembakani, Prime, Kumakamba, Charles, Ali, Mohamed, Kebede, Nigatu, Tamoufe, Ubald, Bel-Nono, Samuel, Camara, Alpha, Pamungkas, Joko, Coulibaly, Kalpy J., Abu-Basha, Ehab, Kamau, Joseph, Silithammavong, Soubanh, Desmond, James, Hughes, Tom, Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin, Aung, Ohnmar, Karmacharya, Dibesh, Nziza, Julius, Ndiaye, Daouda, Gbakima, Aiah, sajali, Zikankuba, Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn, Robles, Erika Alandia, Ssebide, Benard, Suzán, Gerardo, Aguirre, Luis F., Solorio, Monica R., Dhole, Tapan N., Nga, Nguyen T. T., Hitchens, Peta L., Joly, Damien O., Saylors, Karen, Fine, Amanda, Murray, Suzan, Karesh, William B., Daszak, Peter, Mazet, Jonna A. K., and Johnson, Christine K.

Published
2023
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4. Predicting the potential for zoonotic transmission and host associations for novel viruses

Author

Pandit, Pranav S, Anthony, Simon J, Goldstein, Tracey, Olival, Kevin J, Doyle, Megan M, Gardner, Nicole R, Bird, Brian, Smith, Woutrina, Wolking, David, Gilardi, Kirsten, Monagin, Corina, Kelly, Terra, Uhart, Marcela M, Epstein, Jonathan H, Machalaba, Catherine, Rostal, Melinda K, Dawson, Patrick, Hagan, Emily, Sullivan, Ava, Li, Hongying, Chmura, Aleksei A, Latinne, Alice, Lange, Christian, O’Rourke, Tammie, Olson, Sarah, Keatts, Lucy, Mendoza, A Patricia, Perez, Alberto, de Paula, Cátia Dejuste, Zimmerman, Dawn, Valitutto, Marc, LeBreton, Matthew, McIver, David, Islam, Ariful, Duong, Veasna, Mouiche, Moctar, Shi, Zhengli, Mulembakani, Prime, Kumakamba, Charles, Ali, Mohamed, Kebede, Nigatu, Tamoufe, Ubald, Bel-Nono, Samuel, Camara, Alpha, Pamungkas, Joko, Coulibaly, Kalpy J, Abu-Basha, Ehab, Kamau, Joseph, Silithammavong, Soubanh, Desmond, James, Hughes, Tom, Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin, Aung, Ohnmar, Karmacharya, Dibesh, Nziza, Julius, Ndiaye, Daouda, Gbakima, Aiah, Sajali, Zikankuba, Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn, Robles, Erika Alandia, Ssebide, Benard, Suzán, Gerardo, Aguirre, Luis F, Solorio, Monica R, Dhole, Tapan N, Nga, Nguyen TT, Hitchens, Peta L, Joly, Damien O, Saylors, Karen, Fine, Amanda, Murray, Suzan, Karesh, William B, Daszak, Peter, Mazet, Jonna AK, and Johnson, Christine K

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Africa, Animals, Animals, Wild, Host Specificity, Humans, Viruses, Zoonoses, PREDICT Consortium, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Host-virus associations have co-evolved under ecological and evolutionary selection pressures that shape cross-species transmission and spillover to humans. Observed virus-host associations provide relevant context for newly discovered wildlife viruses to assess knowledge gaps in host-range and estimate pathways for potential human infection. Using models to predict virus-host networks, we predicted the likelihood of humans as hosts for 513 newly discovered viruses detected by large-scale wildlife surveillance at high-risk animal-human interfaces in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Predictions indicated that novel coronaviruses are likely to infect a greater number of host species than viruses from other families. Our models further characterize novel viruses through prioritization scores and directly inform surveillance targets to identify host ranges for newly discovered viruses.

Published
2022

5. Socioeconomic status effects on health vary between rural and urban Turkana

Author

Lea, Amanda J, Waigwa, Charles, Muhoya, Benjamin, Lotukoi, Francis, Peng, Julie, Henry, Lucas P, Abhyankar, Varada, Kamau, Joseph, Martins, Dino, Gurven, Michael, and Ayroles, Julien F

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, pastoralism, Turkana, socioeconomic status, social gradients in health, early life adversity
Abstract

Background and objectivesUnderstanding the social determinants of health is a major goal in evolutionary biology and human health research. Low socioeconomic status (often operationalized as absolute material wealth) is consistently associated with chronic stress, poor health and premature death in high-income countries. However, the degree to which wealth gradients in health are universal-or are instead made even steeper under contemporary, post-industrial conditions-remains poorly understood.MethodologyWe quantified absolute material wealth and several health outcomes among a population of traditional pastoralists, the Turkana of northwest Kenya, who are currently transitioning toward a more urban, market-integrated lifestyle. We assessed whether wealth associations with health differed in subsistence-level versus urban contexts. We also explored the causes and consequences of wealth-health associations by measuring serum cortisol, potential sociobehavioral mediators in early life and adulthood, and adult reproductive success (number of surviving offspring).ResultsHigher socioeconomic status and greater material wealth predicts better self-reported health and more offspring in traditional pastoralist Turkana, but worse cardiometabolic health and fewer offspring in urban Turkana. We do not find robust evidence for either direct biological mediators (cortisol) or indirect sociobehavioral mediators (e.g. adult diet or health behaviors, early life experiences) of wealth-health relationships in either context.Conclusions and implicationsWhile social gradients in health are well-established in humans and animals across a variety of socioecological contexts, we show that the relationship between wealth and health can vary within a single population. Our findings emphasize that changes in economic and societal circumstances may directly alter how, why and under what conditions socioeconomic status predicts health.Lay summaryHigh socioeconomic status predicts better health and more offspring in traditional Turkana pastoralists, but worse health and fewer offspring in individuals of the same group living in urban areas. Together, our study shows that under different economic and societal circumstances, wealth effects on health may manifest in very different ways.

Published
2021

6. The intersection of land use and human behavior as risk factors for zoonotic pathogen exposure in Laikipia County, Kenya.

Author

Kamau, Joseph, Ashby, Elizabeth, Shields, Lindsey, Yu, Jennifer, Murray, Suzan, Vodzak, Megan, Kwallah, Allan, Ambala, Peris, and Zimmerman, Dawn

Subjects
Adolescent, Animals, Animals, Wild, Child, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Female, Humans, Kenya, Livestock, Male, Risk Factors, Sanitation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Zoonoses
Abstract

A majority of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are zoonotic, mainly caused through spillover events linked to human-animal interactions. We conducted a survey-based human behavioral study in Laikipia County, Kenya, which is characterized by a dynamic human-wildlife-livestock interface. Questionnaires that assessed human-animal interactions, sanitation, and illnesses experienced within the past year were distributed to 327 participants among five communities in Laikipia. This study aimed to 1) describe variation in reported high-risk behaviors by community type and 2) assess the relationship between specific behaviors and self-reported illnesses. Behavioral trends were assessed in R via Fishers exact tests. A generalized linear mixed model with Lasso penalization (GLMMLasso) was used to assess correlations between behaviors and participants self-reported illness within the past year, with reported behaviors as independent variables and reported priority symptoms as the outcome. Reported behaviors varied significantly among the study communities. Participants from one community (Pastoralist-1) were significantly more likely to report eating a sick animal in the past year (p< 0.001), collecting an animal found dead to sell in the past year (p

Published
2021

9. Urbanization and market integration have strong, nonlinear effects on cardiometabolic health in the Turkana

Author

Lea, Amanda J, Martins, Dino, Kamau, Joseph, Gurven, Michael, and Ayroles, Julien F

Subjects
Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract

The "mismatch" between evolved human physiology and Western lifestyles is thought to explain the current epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in industrialized societies. However, this hypothesis has been difficult to test because few populations concurrently span ancestral and modern lifestyles. To address this gap, we collected interview and biomarker data from individuals of Turkana ancestry who practice subsistence-level, nomadic pastoralism (the ancestral way of life for this group), as well as individuals who no longer practice pastoralism and live in urban areas. We found that Turkana who move to cities exhibit poor cardiometabolic health, partially because of a shift toward "Western diets" high in refined carbohydrates. We also show that being born in an urban area independently predicts adult health, such that life-long city dwellers will experience the greatest CVD risk. By focusing on a substantial lifestyle gradient, our work thus informs the timing, magnitude, and evolutionary causes of CVD.

Published
2020

11. Characterization and Optimization of Coal‐Biomass Blends for Syngas Production as Alternative Transport Fuel Sources for Two‐Stroke Internal Combustion Engines in Tricycles‐Tuk Tuks in Kenya.

Author

Kariuki, Benson, Njogu, Paul, Kamau, Joseph, Kinyua, Robert, and Deive, Francisco Javier

Subjects
ALTERNATIVE fuels, RICE hulls, INTERNAL combustion engines, COAL basins, COAL gasification
Abstract

Conventional fuel sources, such as fossil fuels, have become unaffordable for the low end of the economy and thus the need for sustainable alternatives. Gasification of coal and biomass is considered as an alternative source for small‐sized engines, such as tricycles in Kenya. Mui basin coal is a low‐quality coal, available in Kenya, and blending with selected biomass (rice husks, Prosopis juliflora, and Hyphaene compressa) presents a new source of alternative transport fuel through cogasification and upgrading. The selected biomass samples were collected, air‐dried, and crushed to 60 μm and subjected to calorific determination, proximate, and ultimate analysis. Blending was done at various ratios weight by weight, while thermochemical determinations were conducted using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The fixed carbon content was reported as 29.3 ± 5.51% for Mui basin coal, 21.1 ± 1.55% for rice husk, and 31.0 ± 1.00% for H. compressa. Blending was found to improve the hydrogen:carbon ratio with an average rate of 0.12 and decreased the sulphur and nitrogen content, leading to low emissions. The study revealed that calorific values of the fuel sources were as follows: Mui basin coal, 20.41 ± 0.15 MJ/kg; P. juliflora, 18.68 ± 0.17 MJ/kg; and H. compressa, 18.69 ± 0.00 MJ/kg, while rice husks had 12.95 ± 0.1 MJ/kg. Blending was also found to improve calorific values by average values of 0.4 MJ/kg for P. juliflora, 1.3 MJ/kg for H. compressa, and 2.28 MJ/kg for rice husk. The moisture content was reduced by 1–2% for all fuel sources; ash content was reduced by 33%, while the volatile matter was increased by 11% for P. juliflora, 7% for H compressa, and 0.2% for rice husks. The optimal blend of ratio 1 : 1 when cogasified produced syngas, which was upgraded through cleaning and cooling. The upgraded syngas had a moderate ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide with the right modification and retrofitting; it can be applied in internal combustion engines of tricycles‐"tuk tuks." The study reveals that the optimal blending ratio of 1 : 1 for coal:biomass reduces the pollution ash content, increases calorific values, and enhances syngas fuel properties to moderate ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Coxiella burnetii serostatus in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) is associated with the presence of C. burnetii DNA in attached ticks in Laikipia County, Kenya.

Author

Rooney, Tess, Fèvre, Eric M., Villinger, Jandouwe, Brenn‐White, Maris, Cummings, Charles O., Chai, Daniel, Kamau, Joseph, Kiyong'a, Alice, Getange, Dennis, Ochieng, Dickens O., Kivali, Velma, Zimmerman, Dawn, Rosenbaum, Marieke, Nutter, Felicia B., and Deem, Sharon L.

Subjects
CAMELS, COXIELLA burnetii, TICKS, Q fever, ZOONOSES, LOGISTIC regression analysis
Abstract

Aims: Q fever is a globally distributed, neglected zoonotic disease of conservation and public health importance, caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Coxiella burnetii normally causes subclinical infections in livestock, but may also cause reproductive pathology and spontaneous abortions in artiodactyl species. One such artiodactyl, the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), is an increasingly important livestock species in semi‐arid landscapes. Ticks are naturally infected with C. burnetii worldwide and are frequently found on camels in Kenya. In this study, we assessed the relationship between dromedary camels' C. burnetii serostatus and whether the camels were carrying C. burnetii PCR‐positive ticks in Kenya. We hypothesized that there would be a positive association between camel seropositivity and carrying C. burnetii PCR‐positive ticks. Methods and Results: Blood was collected from camels (N = 233) from three herds, and serum was analysed using commercial ELISA antibody test kits. Ticks were collected (N = 4354), divided into pools of the same species from the same camel (N = 397) and tested for C. burnetii and Coxiella‐like endosymbionts. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize seroprevalence by camel demographic and clinical variables. Univariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess relationships between serostatus (outcome) and tick PCR status, camel demographic variables, and camel clinical variables (predictors). Camel C. burnetii seroprevalence was 52%. Across tick pools, the prevalence of C. burnetii was 15% and Coxiella‐like endosymbionts was 27%. Camel seropositivity was significantly associated with the presence of a C. burnetii PCR‐positive tick pool (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.4–5.1; p = 0.0045), increasing age class, and increasing total solids. Conclusions: The role of ticks and camels in the epidemiology of Q fever warrants further research to better understand this zoonotic disease that has potential to cause illness and reproductive losses in humans, livestock, and wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Sex differences in immune function and disease risk are not easily explained by an evolutionary mismatch

Author

Arner, Audrey M, primary, Muhoya, Benjamin, additional, Rozado, Mitchell Sanchez, additional, Gurven, Michael R, additional, Kahumbu, John, additional, Kamau, Joseph, additional, Kinyua, Patriciah, additional, Lotukoi, Francis, additional, Martins, Dino J., additional, Miano, Charles, additional, Montague, Michael J, additional, Njeru, Sospeter, additional, Peng, Julie, additional, Straub, Peter, additional, Watowich, Marina M, additional, Davis, Lea K, additional, Snyder-Mackler, Noah, additional, Ayroles, Julien F, additional, and Lea, Amanda J, additional

Published
2024
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21. Endemicity of Yaws and Seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum Antibodies in Nonhuman Primates, Kenya

Author

Zimmerman, Dawn M., Hardgrove, Emily H., von Fricken, Michael E., Kamau, Joseph, Chai, Daniel, Mutura, Samson, Kivali, Velma, Hussein, Fatima, Ambala, Peris, Surmat, Andrea, Maina, Joseph G., and Knauf, Sascha

Subjects
Primates, Disease eradication, Infection, Antibodies, Health, Public health, Health
Abstract

Yaws is a disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, which is believed to be an exclusively human pathogen (1). However, this bacterium has recently been identified in [...]

Published
2019
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27. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and characterisation of emerging beta‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli in camels sampled from Northern Kenya

Author

Akunda, Irene Karegi, primary, Kariuki, Daniel W., additional, Matulis, Graham, additional, Mwaura, Patrick, additional, Maina, Brian, additional, Mohammed, Halima, additional, Paul, Ayieko, additional, Onyambu, Frank G., additional, ole Kwallah, Allan, additional, Martins, Dino J., additional, von Fricken, Michael E., additional, and Kamau, Joseph M., additional

Published
2023
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30. A Novel Coronavirus and a Broad Range of Viruses in Kenyan Cave Bats

Author

Kamau, Joseph, primary, Ergunay, Koray, additional, Webala, Paul W., additional, Justi, Silvia A., additional, Bourke, Brian P., additional, Kamau, Maureen W., additional, Hassell, James, additional, Chege, Mary N., additional, Mwaura, David K., additional, Simiyu, Cynthia, additional, Kibiwot, Sospeter, additional, Onyuok, Samson, additional, Caicedo-Quiroga, Laura, additional, Li, Tao, additional, Zimmerman, Dawn M., additional, and Linton, Yvonne-Marie, additional

Published
2022
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37. Performance enhancement and emissions reduction in a diesel engine using oleander and croton biodiesel doped with graphene nanoparticles.

Author

Wambui, Treza, Hawi, Meshack, Njoka, Francis, and Kamau, Joseph

Subjects
DIESEL motors, DIESEL motor exhaust gas, OLEANDER, GRAPHENE, NANOPARTICLES, SCANNING electron microscopes
Abstract

Biodiesel is considered a suitable substitute for petroleum diesel because it is renewable, environment-friendly, and has a low carbon footprint. However, its high density, high viscosity and low heating value prevents it from replacing petroleum diesel completely. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine operating on oleander and croton biodiesel doped with graphene nanoparticles. Five fuel samples are used, including diesel (D100), diesel - 80% blended with oleander and croton biodiesel - 20% (OCB20) and OCB20 dosed with graphene nanoparticles at mass fractions of 50 ppm (mg/L), 75 ppm (mg/L) and 100 ppm (mg/L), respectively. The chemical composition of biodiesel and graphene nanoparticles is analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy while the morphology of the nanoparticles is analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Engine tests reveal a significant improvement in brake thermal efficiency, especially at 75 ppm concentration which is 2.76% and 18.93% higher than diesel and OCB20, respectively, and a reduction in brake specific fuel consumption by 2.44% and 16.67% compared to diesel and OCB20, respectively. Carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions (UHC) decreases for the 50 ppm sample, recording 8.58% and 21.65% reduction in CO and 52.2% and 50% in UHC compared to the diesel and OCB20, respectively. However, Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions increase. The results indicate that graphene nanoparticle-enhanced biodiesel can adequately substitute petroleum diesel, albeit with NOx reduction techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Microplastics in Kenya’s marine nearshore surface waters:Current status

Author

Kosore, Charles M., Ojwang, loice, Maghanga, Justin, Kamau, Joseph, Shilla, Daniel, Everaert, Gert, Khan, Farhan R., and Shashoua, Yvonne

Subjects
Microplastics, Plastic, Pollution, Kenya, Marine environment
Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) were collected at six locations along Kenya's marine nearshore surface waters using a 300 μm mesh-size manta net. The samples were washed over a 125-μm mesh size sieve No.120 into a glass jar and preserved in 70% ethanol. MPs were sorted, counted visually under a dissecting microscope then identified using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. A total of 1473 particles with an overall mean concentration of 0.58 ± 1.29 MPs m-3, were collected. Fragments were the most common types representing 55% of the total MPs, followed by films (40%) and fibers (2%). Polypropylene (PP) was dominant (52%), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) comprised 38% and low density polyethylene (LDPE) 10% of the total MPs. This study provided baseline information, in which Malindi was identified as a hot spot for MPs pollution. Furthermore, the outcomes will assist policy formulations and management strategies aimed at controlling marine plastics.

Published
2022

41. Metagenomic Investigation of Ticks From Kenyan Wildlife Reveals Diverse Microbial Pathogens and New Country Pathogen Records

Author

Ergunay, Koray, primary, Mutinda, Mathew, additional, Bourke, Brian, additional, Justi, Silvia A., additional, Caicedo-Quiroga, Laura, additional, Kamau, Joseph, additional, Mutura, Samson, additional, Akunda, Irene Karagi, additional, Cook, Elizabeth, additional, Gakuya, Francis, additional, Omondi, Patrick, additional, Murray, Suzan, additional, Zimmerman, Dawn, additional, and Linton, Yvonne-Marie, additional

Published
2022
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45. Predicting the potential for zoonotic transmission and host associations for novel viruses

Author

Pandit, Pranav, primary, Anthony, Simon, additional, Goldstein, Tracey, additional, Olival, Kevin, additional, Doyle, Megan, additional, Gardner, Nicole, additional, Bird, Brian, additional, Smith, Woutrina, additional, Wolking, David, additional, Gilardi, Kristen, additional, Monagin, Corina, additional, Kelly, Terra, additional, Uhart, Marcela, additional, Epstein, Jonathan, additional, Machalaba, Catherine, additional, Rostal, Melinda, additional, Dawson, Patrick, additional, Hagan, Emily, additional, Sullivan, Ava, additional, Li, Hongying, additional, Chmura, Aleksei, additional, Latinne, Alice, additional, Lange, Christian, additional, O'Rourke, Tammie, additional, Olson, Sarah, additional, Keatts, Lucy, additional, Mendoza, A. Patricia, additional, Perez, Alberto, additional, de Paula, Catia Dejuste, additional, Zimmerman, Dawn, additional, Valitutto, Marc, additional, LeBreton, Matthew, additional, McIver, David, additional, Islam, Ariful, additional, Duong, Veasna, additional, Mouiche, Moctar, additional, Shi, Zheng-Li, additional, Mulembakani, Prime, additional, Kumakamba, Charles, additional, Ali, Mohamed, additional, Kebede, Nigatu, additional, Tamoufe, Ubald, additional, Bel-Nono, Samuel, additional, Camara, Alpha, additional, Pamungkas, Joko, additional, Coulibaly, Julien Kalpy, additional, Abu-Basha, Ehab, additional, Kamau, Joseph, additional, Silithammavong, Soubanh, additional, Desmond, James, additional, Hughes, Tom, additional, Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin, additional, Aung, Ohnmar, additional, Karmacharya, Dibesh, additional, Nziza, Julius, additional, Ndiaye, Daouda, additional, Gbakima, Aiah, additional, Sijali, Zikankuba, additional, Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn, additional, Robles, Erika Alandia, additional, Ssebide, Benard, additional, Suzán, Gerardo, additional, Aguirre, Luis, additional, Solorio, Monica, additional, Dhole, Tapan, additional, Hitchens, Peta, additional, Joly, Damien, additional, Saylors, Karen, additional, Fine, Amanda, additional, Murray, Suzan, additional, Karesh, William, additional, Daszak, Peter, additional, Mazet, Jonna, additional, Consortium, PREDICT, additional, and Johnson, Christine, additional

Published
2022
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46. Absence of molecular evidence of filovirus circulating in bats and rodents in Laikipia North Sub-county, Kenya: a cross sectional study

Author

Ambala, Peris, primary, Hussein, Fatima, additional, Mutura, Samson, additional, Gachara, George, additional, Menza, Nelson, additional, Shields, Lindsey McCrickard, additional, Vodzak, Megan, additional, Murray, Susan, additional, Valitutto, Marc, additional, Zimmerman, Dawn, additional, and Kamau, Joseph, additional

Published
2022
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49. Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

Author

Saylors, Karen, Wolking, David J., Hagan, Emily, Martinez, Stephanie, Francisco, Leilani, Euren, Jason, Olson, Sarah H., Miller, Maureen, Fine, Amanda E., Thanh, Nga Nguyen Thi, Tran Minh, Phuc, Kalengkongan, Jusuf D., Kusumaningrum, Tina, Latinne, Alice, Pamungkas, Joko, Safari, Dodi, Saputro, Suryo, Bamba, Djeneba, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Dosso, Mireille, Laudisoit, Anne, N'guettia Jean, Kouassi Manzan, Dutta, Shusmita, Islam, Ariful, Shano, Shahanaj, Mwanzalila, Mwokozi I., Trupin, Ian P., Gbakima, Aiah, Bangura, James, Yondah, Sylvester T., Karmacharya, Dibesh, Shrestha, Rima D., Kamta, Marcelle Annie Matsida, Mouiche, Mohamed Moctar Mouliom, Ndolo, Hilarion Moukala, Niama, Fabien Roch, Onikrotin, Dionne, Daszak, Peter, Johnson, Christine K., Mazet, Jonna A. K., Abaneh, Ola, Ababneh, Mustafa, Rafia, Jum, Sukor, Abd, Abdullah, Mohd Lufti, Abedin, Josefina, Abu-Basha, Ehab, Ali, Mohamed, Beal Akoundze, Junior, Akpaki, Joel, Al Hanandeh, Sief Addeen, Al Omari, Bilal, Al Shakil, Abdullah, Al-Zghoul, Mohammed, Albart, Stephenie Ann, Alshammari, Abdullah, Amarneh, Basil H., Ampofo, William, Andrew, Victoria, Ahn, Dao Le, Ankhanbaatar, Ulaankhuu, Anthony, Simon, Antonjaya, Ungke, Araya, Kidan, Arku, Jallah, Arshat, Norsharina, Asigbee, Theodore, Aung, Ohnmar, Awuni, Joseph, Ayukebong, James, Azian, Mohammed, Aziz, Nor Adilah, Ba, Aminata, Bassan, Ganzorig, Bagato, Ola, Bamba, Aboubacar, Bamba, Djenba, Barkhasbaatar, Ariunbaatar, Barrera, June, Basaraba, Cale, Bel-nono, Samuel, Belaganahalli, Manjunatha, Belay, Desalgen, Belkharia, Jaber, Binol, Ridzki M. 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Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Behavioral risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Behavioural sciences, Disease, Community integration, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Research, 2.3 Psychological, Behavioral and Social Science, Agency (sociology), medicine, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, GE1-350, Aetiology, One health, Social science research, business.industry, Prevention, Research, Public health, PREDICT Consortium, Public relations, Focus group, Environmental sciences, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, One Health, Multi-disciplinary surveillance, social and economic factors, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Infection, Psychology, International development, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42522-021-00036-9.

Published
2021

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