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Occurrences of disturbance affect the rotor angle operation of a synchronous generator in the generation system of a power system. The disturbance will disrupt the synchronous generator's rotor oscillation and result in rotor angle instability, which will degrade the power system's performance. This paper aims to develop a Lyapunov-based rotor angle deviation regulator for the nonlinear swing equation of a synchronous generator. The proposed regulator is expected to assure asymptotic stability of the rotor angle and robustness to uncertainty. Backstepping and Lyapunov redesign techniques are employed in developing the regulator. To validate the effectiveness and robustness of the regulator, a simulation in MATLAB/Simulink is carried out. The simulation result shows that the asymptotic stability and robustness of the regulator are guaranteed regardless of the disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Photovoltaic system (PV) is gaining popularity as a future energy source due to its vast, secure, essentially limitless, and widely accessible nature. However, a prevalent challenge in PV systems is the impact of solar cell radiation intensity and temperature on the output power induced in the photovoltaic module. As a result, monitoring the input source's maximum power point becomes essential for maximizing the effectiveness of the renewable energy system. In order to harvest the most power from the photovoltaic system and channel it to the load through a boost converter, which raises the voltage to the necessary level, most Power Point Tracking, or MPPT, is essential. This study uses the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method to track the photovoltaic module's Maximum Power Point (MPP) and maximize the system's overall power production to overcome this obstacle. By varying the array terminal voltage or current, the P&O approach perturbs the system and then compares the PV output power to the preceding perturbation cycle. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to simulate and assess the effectiveness of the P&O MPPT algorithm in MATLAB/Simulink when it comes to maximizing power extraction from a photovoltaic system. The simulation findings show that the suggested P&O approach is a reliable means of tracking MPP from PV panels, even when there are fluctuations in solar irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible, and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An isolated electrical network with an independent local distributed generator is very sensitive towards the contingencies between load demand and supply. Although the network system has less complexity in term of structure, its stability condition is crucial due to its stand-alone operating condition. Hence, to monitor the stability of the network, total power deficit is the only variable that can be estimated. This study proposed to utilize the H∞ filtering problem to design an estimator that can estimate the total power deficiency. For verification, the design estimator was tested under two cases which are nominal case and parameter uncertainty case. In nominal case, the system parameters are assumed to be known while in parameter uncertainty case the system has contaminated with uncertain parameter where its admissible value is laying in a given polytope. With complying the linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraint, the main objective function of the H∞ norm was guaranteed with minimum upper bound. The results show that the dynamical behaviors of designed estimator successfully trace the actual power deficit signal at steady state with minimal estimation error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An isolated electrical network with an independent local distributed generator is very sensitive towards the contingencies between load demand and supply. Although the network system has less complexity in term of structure, its stability condition is crucial due to its stand-alone operating condition. Hence, to monitor the stability of the network, total power deficit is the only variable that can be estimated. This study proposed to utilize the 𝐻∞ filtering problem to design an estimator that can estimate the total power deficiency. For verification, the design estimator was tested under two cases which are nominal case and parameter uncertainty case. In nominal case, the system parameters are assumed to be known while in parameter uncertainty case the system has contaminated with uncertain parameter where its admissible value is laying in a given polytope. With complying the linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraint, the main objective function of the 𝐻∞ norm was guaranteed with minimum upper bound. The results show that the dynamical behaviors of designed estimator successfully trace the actual power deficit signal at steady state with minimal estimation error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric potential energy or kinetic energy produces electrical energy. The integration of electrical current and potential yields the energy that is deliverable to the end user via electrical circuitries. There are various techniques used to produce electric energy. Typically, electricity is generated by using fossil fuels or natural gas. However, these resources are facing the extinction problem. Thus, another established method to generate electricity is by using water flow pressure in hydroelectric station. This work presents a model of small electrical generator developed based on the theory of pressure yielded by water stream. The development of conventional hydroelectric generator station destroyed the nature environment and caused the death of animal, especially in the water. Therefore, a turbine in a spherical shape that is integrated with microcontroller is suggested in this work with external passage that is attached to the turbine to reduce the catastrophic effect to the aquamarine and nature. The analysis is conducted on the different material while designing the basin, size of basin radius and the structure of model outlet inlet. The results show that the turbine that is designed by using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with 10 cm radius produced higher voltage at 5.8 V compared to the other types of basin material and radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and present the operation of a microgrid comprising photovoltaic, fuel cell and battery bank. Photovoltaic cells represent variable resources and fuel cell represent dispatchable resources. All these sources are coupled to grid through power electronic converter. The inverters are controlled by a decoupled control method. The frequency and voltage inside this Microgrid is controlled by performing fast demand response. The Microgrid and simulation study are performed in MATLAB/SIMPOWERSYSTEM. The simulation results show that fast demand response is capable in controlling the voltage and frequency inside a Microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]