Search

Introduction: Numerous changes occurred in economic, social, and medical fields following the onset of Coronavirus (COVID-19), including lifestyle and dietary habits. This study examined dietary habits, physical activity, and individuals' anthropometric indices during quarantine due to the lack of research on quarantine's effects on lifestyle changes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adults based on inclusion and exclusion criteria during the COVID-19 quarantine period. Participants were asked to complete a 10- to 15-minute online survey regarding their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic variables and surveys related to eating habits, lifestyle behaviors, and the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity and health were investigated. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data, and the significance level was less than 0.05. Results: A total of 630 participants were enrolled in this study, of whom 537 (85.2%) were women, and their mean age was 38.12 + 3.25 years (range: 19-58). The average of all anthropometric profiles, in general and gender-specific, was significantly higher during quarantine than before (P<0.001 for all). Moderate and high levels of activity were significantly higher before quarantine than during quarantine, while low levels of activity increased significantly during quarantine (P<0.001 for all). The most consumed food groups included fruits (72.9%) and meat (63.8%). Carbonated drinks (16.7%) and fats and oils (21%) were less consumed than other food groups. The most critical factors affecting BMI during quarantine included fat-free body weight before quarantine (importance coefficient (IC) = 0.4097), weight before quarantine (IC = 0.2398), and gender (IC = 0.4097). Conclusions: Based on the results, quarantine probably increased obesity prevalence, altered diet habits, and decreased physical activity levels among individuals. Expanding health development programs is essential to promote healthy lifestyles in communities during quarantine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Failure in the fusion of medial nasal processes and maxillary prominences would result in the development of a cleft lip while failure in merging the palatal shelves would result in the development of a cleft palate (CP). At present, patients with a cleft palate (CP) have often undergone corrective surgery before 1 year of age. However, an oronasal fistula (ONF) often remains in the palate after surgery. Methodology In this historical cohort, 40 patients with CP, 6-10 years old, who had undergone corrective surgery at 1 year of age were selected by targeted sampling and assigned to two groups with ONF (N=20) and without ONF (n=20). The two groups were matched in terms of age and gender. All patients had an intraoral photograph of the maxilla and a lateral cephalogram. Twenty-three cephalometric parameters were measured prior to the orthodontic treatment and compared between the two groups using a t-test. Results CP patients with ONF had significantly higher Y-axis, gonial angle, Go1, Go2, GoGn-SN, U1-SN, and lower lip to E line compared with those without ONF (P<0.05). The Jarabak index was significantly lower in the CP patients with ONF compared with those without it (P<0.05). The difference in other cephalometric parameters was not significant between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Patients with ONF had significantly greater growth in the vertical dimension compared with those without ONF. Yet, the difference in the anteroposterior dimension was not significant between the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When facial photographs are analyzed for the purpose of identifying esthetics norms, differences in dentofacial relationships among ethnic and racial groups must be taken into consideration. Therefore, it is necessary to establish standards for various populations. The purpose of this study was to establish norms of photogrammetric soft tissue profile analysis for Persian adults. Pretreatment lateral photographs of 147 subjects (66 men and 81 women aged 18-35 years) with a Class I skeletal pattern were collected. Twelve angular parameters were evaluated in the subjects. Values for men and women were compared with a t test. Statistically significant sexual dimorphism was found for nasofrontal (P < 0.059), nasal (P < 0.059), nasal dorsum (P < 0.001), cervicomental (P < 0.001), facial convexity (P < 0.004), and total facial convexity (P < 0.002) angles. The mean values obtained from this study can assist in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for Persian adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Widespread use of the IOTN along with detailed study of occlusal traits is suitable for planning community dental health resources. Objectives. The aim of current study was to assess the need for orthodontic treatment among school children of Tehran by means of the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and also to evaluate the occlusal traits of the subjects. Methods. 684 (343 boys and 341 girls) school children, 15 to 17 years of age, were selected at random from 12 schools to represent the four main areas of Tehran. The final sample who met the inclusion criteria comprised 643 subjects (322males and 321 females).Malocclusion was determined with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The IOTN grades were statistically compared in the two genders using chi-square test. Results. Orthodontic treatment need, using the DHC, was found in only 9.0 per cent of the children. The prevalence of Angle Class I malocclusion in this study was higher than other malocclusions (65.2 per cent), followed by crowding in 62.7 per cent of the subjects. Conclusion. Orthodontic treatment need for Tehran high school students was relatively lower than that reported in most recent studies in Europe [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A knowledge, attitude and practice study on vaccination was undertaken among Iranian mothers in pediatric clinic of a university medical center in Tehran, between March and August 2005, and 668 mothers responded to a questionnaire-based interview. The results showed a favorable attitude towards children immunization in 95.5% of respondents. Nearly half (51.4%; 95% confidence interval: 47.6%–55.2%) of mothers knew the name of the diseases against which their children were being vaccinated. More than half (67%) of respondents gave disproportionate importance to mild intercurrent illness as a reason to defer immunization. About half of children (341=51.1%) experienced vaccination delay. Results of logistic regression analysis showed increase in: birth order, number of children in household, and mother's age significantly predicted vaccination schedule non-adherence (P=0.02, P=0.02 and P=0.04 to P=0.001 respectively) and increasing mother's age was the most significant factor for vaccination delay. Educating mothers about the vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases, and improving their performance are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a differently designed functional appliance (R-appliance) with control group in Class II Division I (Cl II Div I) cases., Methods: 18 girls treated with R-Appliance were selected as the experimental group. The control group consisted of 20 untreated girls. All of the patients had Cl II Div I malocclusion due to mandibular deficiency. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the beginning (T'1, T'2) and end of the study (T'1, T2)., Results and Conclusions: Increase of IMPA and reduction of SNA are two prevalent side effects of most functional appliances; however, results of this study showed SNA and IMPA had no significant changes in experimental group in comparison with the control group.

Objective: To determine the frequency of changes in left ventricular function in patients, at least 5 years after completion of anthracycline-therapy for childhood malignancy., Methods: Echocardiographic examination was performed on 58 patients (36 males and 22 females) with mean age of 17.5+/-4.6 years (range 9-29 years, median 17.5 years). The control group was 58 healthy age and sex matched children., Results: The age at the time of diagnosis and start of treatment ranged from 2 to 14 years with a median of 6 years. The time of follow-up was between 5 to 22 years with a median of 9 years. The cumulative dose of anthracycline was 30 to 557 mg/m2, median 128.5 mg/m2. All the patients were asymptomatic. Abnormal systolic and/or diastolic functions were found in 29 (50%) patients. We found a strong correlation between systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction and longer time of follow-up (P = 0.02 and p = 0.04), respectively, but not a relation to the cumulative dose, sex, and age at diagnosis., Conclusion: The data showed a relatively high incidence of subclinical cardiotoxicity in long-term survivors. The significance of this subclinical cardiotoxicity on the morbidity and mortality of patients should be followed in the future.

Aim: To examine the possible relationship between body weight and periodontal disease in a sample of the young Iranian population., Design: An analytical (Case-Control) study., Participants: Eighty individuals aged 18 to 34 years (40 normal and 40 overweight and obese subjects) were evaluated in this study., Methods: The periodontal examination consisted of: Plaque Index (PLI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL). Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist circumference (WC) were used as measures of overall and abdominal fat content. Socio-demographic variables and periodontal disease risk factors (age, gender, education, time elapsed since last dental visit, smoking and diabetes) were evaluated as covariates. The statistical tests used were: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Independent Samples T-test, ANOVA, Exact fisher, Chi-Square test and Spearman's rank correlation (Rsp)., Results: PPD and CAL were significantly higher in the case group compared to control (2.82 +/- 0.4 versus 2.56 +/- 0.36, P < 0.002 and 1.98 +/- 0.5 versus 1.63 +/- 0.335, P < 0.000 respectively). Subjects with a high waist circumference had significant differences of PPD and CAL when compared to normal waist circumference subjects (P < 0.000). There were also positive correlations between measures of overall fat content BMI and PPD (Rsp = 0.33), CAL (Rsp = 0.39) and age (Rsp = 0.42) on one side and the measure of WC and PPD (Rsp = 0.32), CAL (Rsp = 0.44), age (Rsp = 0.48) and PLI (Rsp = 0.3) on the other., Conclusion: The results indicate that overall and abdominal obesity were associated with the extent of periodontal disease in a sample of Iranian young individuals and therefore prevention and management of obesity may be an additional factor for improving periodontal health.