Search

Thermal spring areas, which are available globally, are used for recreational purposes or wellness applications because these areas have mineral-rich materials of thermal water and thermal muds. At the same time, thermal spring areas are one of the best habitats for algae among aquatic habitats. If algae formed on the surface of the thermal water in these areas, they create an ugly appearance and disrupt the aesthetics of the water because of their uncontrolled growth. The algae removal applications are the most effective methods for solution of these adversities in the thermal spring areas. In this work, experimental study was carried out to investigate the removal of algae from thermal water and thermal mud pools in the Delicermic-Koprukoy (Erzurum, NE Turkey) thermal spring area. For this purpose, some chemical materials were used for the removal of algae. The results of the experimental studies showed that the Al2SO3+CaO solution is a good material that provides 100% removal of algae from thermal water and thermal mud pools at pH 6. KEY WORDS: Algae, Algae removal, Thermal water, Thermal mud, Spring area Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(3), 545-553. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i3.5

Nanotechnology has grown significantly in the medical field in recent years. This new technology, with the synthesis and introduction of a new drug system, has made a huge difference in the discussion of treatment and health. The preparation and production of drugs based on natural and mineral compounds and the drug delivery system to specific organs of the body is an example of this technology in the field of pharmacy. Mineral drugs, unlike chemical drugs, have no negative effects on various organs of the body. Nano-clays -with their unique properties -are an example of mineral drugs that play a very important role in the pharmaceutical industry today. Bentonite is a clay mineral that is mainly composed of smectite minerals. Ionic substitution, ductility, high cation exchange are important properties of smectite minerals. Due to the weak bond between the layers in this group, it is easy to add different molecules andpolymers between their layers, and for this reason, the clay minerals of the smectite group are very important in the pharmaceutical industry. Scientists are conducting research to purify, modify and optimize bentonite minerals and obtain mineral drugs compatible with the body's biological system.

The use of cement with additives to increase the strength values of fine and coarse-grained soils is becoming increasingly common today. Because cement with additives has become preferred in the construction industry due to the economy they provide and the low CO2 emissions in clinker production due to climatic changes. In this study, CEM II/A-LL 42.5 R, class limestone added cement produced according to the TS EN 197-1 standard was used in order to increase the freeze-thaw resistance of the granular soil. 5%, 10%, and 15% calcareous Portland cement (CPC) was added to the granular soil (GS) and compacted under standard proctor energy. After curing these three different rates for 1, 7, and 28 days, the freeze-thaw test was applied with -21C, +21C, 12 cycles, and 24 hours waiting time. As a result of freeze-thaw, the unconfined compressive strengths (UCS) of three different mixtures were determined with a uniaxial compression device according to three different curing times. As a result, the highest strength increase occurred in the 28-day cure and GS+5% CPC mixture of well over 100 percent. However, the lowest strength reduction rate before and after freezing-thawing was also found in the GS+5% CPC mixture with 9.30%.

Numerous studies have proved the connection between low-amplitude local anomalies of gravity and magnetic field with oil and gas deposits in both platform and geosynclinal areas. In theoretical and experimental studies, gravity and magnetic prospecting methods for forecasting oil and gas accumulations in various geological structures have been used. They show out that oil and gas deposits located in different oil and gas regions of the world are noted discoveries with geophysical methods, including gravitational and magnetic fields. As a result, new exploration signs have identified the appearance of local gravitational and magnetic minima of various intensities above the productive parts of the structures. It has been established that the first physical and geological prerequisites for using gravimetry and magnetometry to explore hydrocarbon deposits in Azerbaijan are decreases in the density and magnetic susceptibility of rocks in the area of the deposit. Gravity-magnetic studies carried out in the Kura depression show that over the known deposits (Muradkhanly, Jafarly, Tarsdallar, Gazanbulag, Babazanan, Bandovan, etc.), gravitational and magnetic minima of 0.2-0.8 mGal and 20 -30 nT. the Physical and geological properties of the Muradkhanli field have been modeled by studying some of the physical parameters in the Middle Kura depression of Azerbaijan (the changes in the magnetic susceptibility, temperature, and density of rocks in the subvertical zone above and below the reservoir). In this study, the results of gravimetric and magnetometric studies performed for oil and gas deposits on the areas of Arabkubaly, Naftalan, Northern Naftalan, Gedakboz of Azerbaijan are presented. Consequently, the outcomes of experimental and systematic work carried out in the areas of Middle Kura Depression and Lower Kura Depression show the effectiveness of gravity-magnetic methods.

Urban development and increasing population have led to the production of various wastes. The geological and environmental effects of landfill are significant, pose a serious threat to human, animal, and plant health. Lack of proper management to dispose of and dispose of very hazardous wastes will result in irreversible environmental and geomedical consequences. The present article evaluates the environmental effects of the landfill in Maragheh City located in northwestern Iran by conducting field and library studies. About 150 tons of garbage is transferred daily to this landfill, which is located two kilometers from the city, which is not acceptable in terms of international standards and criteria, and more importantly, this landfill is located near the tourist area of Chakan. Improper disposal of waste, neglect to isolate the landfill and leachate leakage, have led to irreparable environmental pollution in the area. On the other hand, the emission of gas due to waste corruption has led to the spread of pollutants and pathogens in the region. Therefore, the main cause of environmental problems in the region is the lack of hygienic landfilling and lack of control over the production and distribution of leachate, which must be planned to prevent it.

The expansive soils have significant volume change associated with changes in water content. These soils be exposed to adverse changes in volume and hydraulic conductivity due to the seasonal changes in moisture content. Lightweight structures are severely affected due to high swelling pressure exerted by these soils. To prevent the damage of the constructions built on the expansive soils, these soils is improved in terms of the engineering properties. Soil stabilization is one of the most widely followed techniques to control the swelling behavior of expansive soils in lightly loaded structures. In this study, an expansive soil was stabilized by using quartzite as additive material. To determine the effects of quartzite on the swelling characteristics of stabilized clayey soils a series of tests were performed on the natural and stabilized samples with different percentages of quartzite material. For this purpose, the consistency limit tests, odometer tests and vertical swelling tests were carried out under the laboratory conditions. According to the results of experimental study showed that the swelling behavior of quartzite-stabilized clayey soil samples changed. The results of experimental study showed that the swelling pressure values, the swelling pressure values and the vertical swelling percentage values of quartzite-stabilized clayey soil samples decreased due to the addition of quartzite. As a result, the quartzite played an important role in improving the swelling behavior of the expansive soils. The test results showed that the quartzite material can be successfully used to improve the swelling characteristics of expansive soils.

Oltu clay deposits known Oligocene-Miocene Formations in the Oltu-Narman Basin (NE Erzurum, Turkey) are concentrated in two different stratigraphic horizons namely the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene sequences. Clay minerals originated by the alteration of Eocene calcalkaline island-arc volcanic, preferably from pyroclastic (trachyte and andesite flow) which form the basement. In this study, these clay deposits have been studied for chemical, mineralogy, and physical properties to decide the most proper industrial use. The industrial significance of the clay deposits depends on the type and the chemical properties of minerals (montmorillonite) in different layers. Physical, mineralogical, and chemical properties of this clay deposits are convenient to use in constructing barriers, filtering layers, and liners in landfills. Some industrial areas are suitable for use of kaolinite and serpentine clay group such as the ceramics and related refractory. Paligorskite and sepiolite group clay mineral are utilized drilling applications. Mica group clay materials are suitable for manufacture of kiln wares and in red or firing pottery products.

The main purpose of this research is to emphasize the importance of foreign language teacher’s features which effect the whole society and to determine how the foreign language teachers, scholars work in public schools need to be the relations between students, the environment, the school, families according to teachers whom in the centrepoint of education that based on their own opinions. In this research study was used the qualitative research method. The opinions of foreign language teachers were obtained by interview technique and analyzed by NVIVO qualitative data analysis program. The working group constitutes 30 foreign language teachers working in public schools in seven different regions of Turkey. According to the results obtained from the research, the reasons for not achieving the desired target in the foreign language teaching are the fact that the instructors who will put the program into practice are not equipped with the information to apply the curriculum, the teacher candidate is occupied it’s profession as raw information without being able to linguistically and culturally interact and that to be ignored each learner is a different form of learning, inadequacy of technical equipment and inability to get out of the traditional way in some way., Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, devlet okullarında görev yapan yabancı dil öğretmenlerinin, kendi görüşlerine dayanarak eğitimin odağındaki öğretmenin; öğretim görevlisi, çevre, okul, aile ve öğrenen (öğrenci) ile ilişkilerinin nasıl olması gerektiğine dair tespitleri saptamak ve toplumun tümünü etkileyen öğretmenin niteliğine ve önemine vurgu yapmaktır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yabancı dil öğretmenlerinin görüşleri, görüşme tekniğiyle elde edilmiş ve NVIVO nitel veri analizi programı ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu Türkiye’nin Yedi farklı bölgesinde okullarında görev yapan 30 yabancı dil öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yabancı dil öğretiminde istenen başarıyı elde edememenin nedenleri arasında, izlenceyi uygulamaya koyacak öğretim elemanlarının izlenceyi uygulayacak bilgilerle donatılmamaları, öğretmen adayının yeterli derecede dilsel ve kültürel etkileşimde bulunamadan ham bilgi sahibi olarak mesleğe atılması, öğrenenin hazır bulunuşluk düzeyinin ve her bir öğrenenin farklı bir öğrenme biçimi olduğunun göz ardı edilmesi, teknik araç gereçlerin yetersizliği ve geleneksel yöntemden bir türlü çıkılamaması gibi etkenler sayılmaktadır.&nbsp

In this paper, we investigate the degree of competition between alternative ro-ro lines operating between Turkey and Europe (intramodal competition). We also aim to analyze whether the land (road) transport is a significant substitute for the ro-ro transport for the trade between Turkey and Europe (intermodal competition). This paper is a part of the economic analysis which we carried out for defining the relevant market in a case in which the Turkish Competition Authority (TCA) investigated the predatory pricing behavior of UN Ro-Ro İşletmeleri A.Ş. (UN Ro-Ro) in 2012. The analysis consists of two stages: We first estimate price elasticities of demand for ro-ro lines by using a logit demand model with firm-level data. Then, ‘full equilibrium relevant market’ (FERM) test which is a more developed version of the hypothetical monopolist test (HMT) is used in order to run several hypothetical merger simulations for measuring intramodal and intermodal competition. The results show that the relevant market incorporates only seven ro-ro lines, not land transport., Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ve Avrupa arasında faaliyet gösteren alternative ro-ro hatları arasındaki rekabet derecesi analiz edilmiştir (intramodal rekabet). Ayrıca, Türkiye ve Avrupa arasındaki ticaret bakımından karayolu taşımacılığının ro-ro taşımacılığına ikame olup olmadığı incelenmiştir (intermodal rekabet). Bu çalışma, UN Ro-Ro İşletmeleri A.Ş.’nin (UN Ro-Ro) yıkıcı fiyatlandırma davranışlarına ilişkin olarak 2012 yılında Rekabet Kurumu tarafından yapılan bir soruşturmada ilgili ürün pazarının tanımlanmasına ilişkin olarak yapılan ekonomik analizin bir parçasıdır. Analiz iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk aşamada firma düzeyinde veri kullanılarak logit talep modeli yardımıyla ro-ro hatlarının fiyat esneklikleri tahmin edilmiştir. Daha sonra, varsayımsal tekel testi’nin (hypothetical monopolist test, HMT) daha gelişmiş bir versiyonu olan ‘full equilibrium relevant market’ (FERM) testi uygulanarak intramodal ve intermodal rekabetin yoğunluğunu ölçmek amacıyla bir dizi varsayımsal yoğunlaşma simülasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar ilgili pazarın yedi ro-ro hattından oluştuğunu, karayolu taşımacılığını içermediğini göstermektedir.

Bu çalışmada, Avrupa Dilleri Ortak Çerçeve Programı klavuz alınarak Türkiye'de yabancı dil öğretmeni yetiştirme politikaları ele alınmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında; Avrupa Komisyonu dil politikası çalışmaları, Avrupa Birliğine uyum süreci kapsamında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı ve Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu çalışmaları, Türkiye'de yabancı dil öğretimi politikaları ve Türkiye'de yabancı dil öğretmeni yetiştirme politikaları incelenerek Türkiye'deki yabancı dil öğretimindeki eksiklikler tespit edilmiş ve Avrupa Birliği (AB)'nin yabancı dil politikası ile uyumlu, öğretmeni merkeze alan yerli ve milli bir eğitim modeli önerisi getirilmiştir.Çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye'de yabancı dil eğitim politikasının betimlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı nitelikte kesitsel bir araştırma yürütülmüştür. Nitel veri toplama aracı olarak açık uçlu anket çalışması yapılarak geliştirilen görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler NVivo programı ile analiz edilerek anket sorularına verilen cevapların kullanım sıklık oranları, kelime bulutu ve harita ağacı sonuçları çıkartılmıştır. NVivo sonuçlarına göre anket sorularına verilen cevaplar açısından yabancı dil öğretmen görüşleri arasında farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır. Genel olarak ankete katılan yabancı dil öğretmenleri Türkiye'nin yabancı dil eğitim politikasını yetersiz olarak nitelemektedirler. Yabancı dil öğretmenlerinin çoğunluğunun, geleneksel öğretmen profiline uygun bir öğretim yöntemi uyguladıkları; konuşma becerilerinin ve alan bilgilerinin yetersiz olduğu; ayrıca yabancı dil öğretmen aday seçimlerinin ve yabancı dil öğretmeni olma kıstaslarının gözden geçirilerek ihtiyaca uygun biçimde yeniden tanımlanması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Yabancı dil, eğitim, politika, öğretmen, öğrenen, ortak çerçeve programı. In this study, foreign language teacher training policies in Turkey have been discussed with reference to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.In the scope of the research, studies of language policy by the European Commission, studies of the Ministry of National Education and the Council of Higher Education, the foreign language teaching policies and foreign language teacher training policies in Turkey have been examined within the process of integration into the European Union, A domestic and national model of education, which takes to its center teachers integrated with the foreign language policy in Europe, has been introduced.In the framework of the study, a cross-sectional study has been carried out in a descriptive way in order to describe the foreign language education policy in Turkey. Questionnaire forms have been used as a qualitative data collection tool developed with open ended questions. The data obtained in the research have been analyzed with NVivo program and the frequency ratios, word cloud and mapper results of the answers given to the questionnaires have been taken. According to NVivo results, there are differences between foreign language teachers opinions in terms of the answers given to the questionnaires. In general, the foreign language teachers who participate in the questionnaire describe Turkeys foreign language education policy as inadequate. It has been concluded that most of the foreign language teachers apply teaching methods appropriate for the traditional teacher profile, that the speaking skills and the field knowledge are inadequate and that foreign language teacher candidates' elections and the criteria of being a foreign language teacher have to be reassessed in order to be appropriately defined. Key words: Foreign language, education, policy, teacher, learner, common european framework 281

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of waste generated in the marble industry on acidic soil neutralization by column tests in a laboratory. Furthermore, field trials were conducted to determine the effects of marble wastes on hazelnut yield. As marble wastes, both marble quarry wastes and marble cutting wastes, are rich in CaCO3, they were used as a pH regulator for acidic soil. In this way, not only the wastes were utilized as a useful raw material for the agriculture but also the burden of marble wastes on the environment was reduced. The results showed that soil pH increased from 4.71 to 6.84 in column tests and hazelnut yield increased 43% in the field trials upon marble waste application, Bu çalışma kapsamında mermercilik faaliyetleri sonucunda açığa çıkan atıkların toprak asitliğinin nötralizasyonunda kullanılabilirliği laboratuvarda yapılan kolon denemeleri ile araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca mermer atıklarının fındık verimi üzerine etkilerini araştırmak için arazi denemeleri yapılmıştır. Mermer atıkları CaCO3 içeriği yönünden zengin olmaları sebebiyle asidik toprakta pH düzenleyici olarak kullanılmış, böylece hem mermer ocak atıkları ve mermer kesme atıkları değerlendirilmiş hem de çevresel ve zirai açıdan olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Mermer atıkları kullanılarak yapılan kolon testlerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre toprak pH’sının 4.71 den 6.84’e yükseldiği ve arazi denemelerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre ise fındık veriminin yaklaşık %43 oranında arttığı görülmüştür