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The cooperative QoS Aware Based Data Congestion Control (QoS-ADCC) algorithm is proposed to achieve this goal. It leverages QoS indicators such as connection probability, packet arrival rate, and delay to determine the best route from the source to the destination. These indicators are evaluated for each road segment and combined with estimated relay quality. The QoS-ADCC algorithm combines passive and preventive elements to establish and maintain the routing of data packets. If the source route to the target path is unavailable, the algorithm employs forward and backward reactions to search for candidate routes. The selected route is implemented in the wireless network, and pheromone levels are updated as packets pass through intersections. This approach reduces overhead and transmission delay, utilizing dedicated lanes on urban buses to establish a mobile backbone network and enhance vehicle connectivity. The proposed QoS-ADCC algorithm selects relay data packets between intersections based on QoS dynamic road segments, aiming for a straightforward and efficient routing mechanism. The research involves evaluating different routing protocols and congestion control mechanisms, considering factors such as route stability, end-to-end delay, throughput, and packet loss rate. Simulation experiments using network simulators like NS-3 and OMNET++ as well as real-world testbed experiments will be conducted to assess the performance of the proposed system. The findings of this research will contribute to the development of efficient and reliable data routing mechanisms in MANETs for intelligent transportation systems, ensuring high QoS and improved network performance. Overall, the proposed QoS-ADCC algorithm demonstrates promising results with a throughput value of 31000 Mbps, a Link Stability Speed of 40 meters, a Packet Delivery Ratio of 1.2%, and a routing overhead of 1. These outcomes highlight the potential of the algorithm to enhance data delivery in MANETs within IT

The production and use of low-carbon energy technology and services, such as renewable energy, are imperative for Asia’s emerging economies (which are heavily dependent on imported energy and resources) to tackle global environmental issues like climate change. Acknowledging this fact, recently, governments in the Asian region individually have been taking effective actions in the form of voluntary targets and policy commitments to improve the production and use of low-carbon technology, such as solar, wind, geo-thermal, and so forth. Nevertheless, the diffusion of these technologies has been through liberalized trade, which has been low compared with trade and investment in other energy intensive sectors. Though effective tariffs are low, non-tariff barriers or behind-the-border constraints are very high. In this exploratory study, the potential for increased exports in low-carbon technology and services under a grand regional coalition, partial regional coalition, and stand alone scenarios is studied. We find that production, trade, and investment in renewable energy technologies are very low regionally. There is a large gap between the demand for and the supply of low-carbon energy technology and associated pollution abatement services. Behind-the-border constraints that exist within the exporting country, such as poor infrastructure and inefficient institutions, create this gap between actually realized and potentially possible exports. This supply gap provides an opportunity for those emerging Asian economies, which have the potential to contribute to the manufacturing of such technologies individually and collectively pooling their physical and human capital.

The present study has been focused on the extraction of natural dyes from Curcuma longa, Trigonella foenum graecum and Nerium oleander and investigation of their phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics. Dyes were prepared using aqueous, acidic, alcoholic and alkaline extraction techniques. UV spectral studies of the dyes showed a variation in absorption maxima and their color varied with respect to the pH and the solvent used during extraction. The dyes prepared from turmeric using aqueous extraction technique and from fenugreek using alkaline extraction showed good antibacterial activity. The aqueous and alcoholic extraction of Nerium oleander was able to inhibit the growth of many fungal strains including Tricoderma spp., Tricophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium spp. etc. The antimicrobial property of the dyes was used in developing antimicrobial fabric.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant source has been given much importance. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the ethyl acetate and methanol (EA: M 40:60) extracts of the inflorescence of the tree Cocous nucifera. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscope, FTIR and TEM analysis. The particle size of the synthesized AgNPs was 22 nm as confirmed by TEM. The qualitative assessment of reducing potential of the extracts of inflorescence indicated the presence of reducing agents. Synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against human bacterial pathogens viz., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella paratyphi.