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Returning crop residue can increase soil organic matter content, and residue quality has an influence over the rate of their turnover. However, there is a lack of information concerning the biochemical transformations of organic compounds of N and C present in the crop residues during subsequent crop growth. In this study, the contents of organic N and C fractions in soils obtained using acid and alkaline hydrolysis under two crop rotations (faba bean vs. wheat rotation) were investigated. Black fallow served as a control. The mean total N increased in the order: black fallow, wheat rotation, faba bean rotation, total C and SOM were higher in the cropped soils than in black fallow. Hydrolysable-N (1-step acid hydrolysis) reached 83.7% total N, amino acid-N and threonine+serine-N were the highest in faba bean rotation and the lowest in black fallow, ammonia-N and aminosugar-N were lower in black fallow than in cropped soils. Hydrolysable-N (2-step sequential fractionation) reached 85.3% total N and significant differences were noted between the cropped soils and black fallow, with respect to both the N and C contents. 15N was mainly accumulated in the N soluble and easily hydrolysable N compounds, and these fractions were greater in cropped soils than in black fallow. N in the humic compounds increased from black fallow to faba bean rotation. A PCA analysis showed that crop rotation and soil sampling terms had a substantial influence over cluster formation. An ANOSIM test revealed significant dif­ferences between the crop rotation and term treatments. The results indicated that soil with faba bean rotation is richer in N compounds than soil with wheat as a forecrop and this may result in a reduction in N fertilizers for the succeeding crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of fertilization with fresh sewage sludge with the addition of calcium oxide and lignite ash in the proportions dry mass 6:1, 4:1, 3:1 and 2:1 on the content of chromium and copper in plants and soil and uptake of these elements was investigated in pot experiment. Sewage sludge were taken from Siedlce (sludge after methane fermentation) and Łuków (sludge stabilized in oxygenic conditions), eastern Poland. The chromium content in the biomass of the test plants (maize, sunflower and oat) was higher following the application of mixtures of sewage sludge with ash than of the mixtures with CaO. The copper content in plants most often did not significantly depend on the type of additives to the sludge. Various amounts of additives to the sewage sludge did not have a significant effect on the contents of either of the studied trace elements in plants. The contents of chromium and copper in soil after 3 years of cultivation of plants were higher than before the experiment, but these amounts were not significantly differentiated depending on the type and the amount of the used additive (i.e. CaO vs. ash) to sewage sludge.

The aim of this study is to determine the response of biomass yield and the content of K, Na, Ca and Mg in the eastern galega and soil under the influence of nitrogen in the form of (15NH4)2SO4. Three-year field experiment (2005–2007) was carried out on experimental plots belonging to the University of Natural Sciences - Humanities in Siedlce (52°17’N, 22°28’E). Nitrogen 15N was applied as ammonium sulphate at a dose of early spring 1.66 g N.m−2. In each year of the study were collected three cuts of eastern galega budding phase. Shown yield of dry weight of the test plant. The content of K, Na, Ca and Mg in the eastern galega and soil were determined by ICP-AES emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. Subsequently, the uptake and marked weight ratios of macronutrients.

W pracy przedstawiono zmiany w zawartość chromu i niklu w biomasie rutwicy wschodniej uprawianej w latach 2005 - 2007. Doświadczenie polowe prowadzono na polu doświadczalnym, należącym do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach. W badaniach uwzględniono sześć obiektów ze stałym nawożeniem fosforowym i zróżnicowanym nawożeniem potasowym. W każdym roku prowadzenia badań zbierano trzy pokosy rośliny testowej w fazie pąkowania. Całkowitą zawartość Cr i Ni w roślinie i w glebie oznaczono na spektrofotometrze emisyjnym z plazmą wzbudzaną indukcyjnie (ICP-AES). Obliczono pobranie analizowanych pierwiastków z plonem suchej masy rośliny testowej.

A field experiment was conducted in years 2016–2018 in crop-rotation: faba bean-winter wheat-winter wheat. After seedling emergency (2016) mineral fertilizer (15NH4)2SO4 having 20.1 at% 15N (dose of 30 kg N ha−1) was applied. The faba bean biomass contained 194.1 kg ha−1of nitrogen (140.0 kg of N in seeds and 54.1 kg in crop residue). This amount included 58.7 kg N ha−1 in seeds and 21.2 kg of N in crop residuesthat were fixed from the air. Crop residue were ploughed into soil. Plots with winter wheat cultivated after faba bean (2017) were divided on two sub-plots 0 and 100 kg N ha−1. Overall, winter wheat cultivated for two subsequent years took up from total nitrogen of crop residue 16.1 kg ha−1 of N in control and 29.8 kg ha−1 in fertilized plots, but from biologically fixed nitrogen 6.29 and 11.6 kg ha−1, respectively. Applied fertilizer contained 5.920 kg 15N ha−1 from which 1.577 kg 15N ha−1 was cumulated in faba bean seeds, 0.662 kg 15N ha−1 in crop residue (sum 2.239 kg 15N ha−1), 0.195 kg 15N ha−1 and in winter wheat harvested (2017) and 0.084 kg 15N ha−1 in winter wheat harvested (2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The influence of Nod factors (NFs) on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in 2014–2016 was investigated in a field experiment located on soil classified as a Haplic Luvisol. Nod factors were isolated from the Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain GR09. Faba bean was tested with NFs and without NFs, and the plants were harvested in two stages of growth: at the flowering and at full maturity. Plant parts were analyzed for biomass yield, N yield, and the amount of symbiotically fixed N. Based on the isotope dilution method (using N fertilizer in the form of ammonium sulfate [(15NH4)2SO4)], yields of N derived from the atmosphere, soil, and fertilizer were calculated. Nod factors did not have a significant influence on most of the investigated parameters, which were strongly differentiated by the amount of rainfall. However, NF application led to a significant increase in thousand‐seed weight (by 5.4%) and, importantly, NFs beneficially affected N yield in seeds (an increase of 16% compared with the control), the whole mature plant (by 17%), as well as in stripped pods (by 24%) in the dry year 2015. The results showed some possibility of using NFs as a biofertilizer for increasing faba bean productivity, especially under unfavorable conditions during seasons with water deficiency in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nod factors produced by rhizobia are one of the most important signals involved in symbiotic associations involving legumes. A field trial was performed to assess the symbiotic activity, rhizosphere biological parameters, and plant biomass of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) treated with Nod factors. The soil was a Haplic Luvisol derived from loess. The faba bean seeds (cv. Granit) were soaked with an Nod factors solution (260 nM) or water (control) and sown. At the flowering stage, the genetic diversity of rhizobia (based on PCR-RFLP profiles and the sequencing of the 16-23S rDNA and nodD gene), nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay), and nodule biomass were evaluated. Nitrogen yield and plant biomass were determined at the flowering and maturity stages. Rhizosphere soil was examined during plant growth in relation to the activities of dehydrogenase, protease, urease, and acid phosphomonoesterase. The results indicated that the application of the Nod factors improved nitrogenase activity (by 74-80%, depending on the parameter analysed) and increased the genetic diversity of rhizobia inhabiting root nodules, plant nitrogen content (by 16.8%, at maturity), and seed protein yield (by 14.6%). The rhizobial population became more heterogeneous under the influence of the Nod factors than it was for the control (12 and 7 specific genotypes, respectively). At the flowering stage, Nod factors enhanced dehydrogenase, protease, and acid phosphomonoesterase activities by 46, 36 and 9%, respectively. The results revealed the positive effect of Nod factors at reducing water deficiency effects during a growing season with a short-term rainfall deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined changes in soil enzymatic activity caused by constant nitrogen fertilisation and varied potassium fertilisation in soil abundant with available phosphorus. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) was used as the test plant. A field experiment was carried out in 2010-2012, in a field located at a greenhouse facility owned by the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. The experiment was completely randomized and carried out in four replications with the following mineral fertilisation: control object, N, NK1, NK2, NK3, NK4 and NK5. Mineral fertilisation was applied in kg ha-1: N - 20, K1 - 41.5, K2 - 83, K3 - 124, K4 - 166, K5 - 207.5. Nitrogen was applied as ammonium nitrate in early spring, potassium - as 60% potassium salt split into two doses: I (to 124 kg ha-1) - in early spring, II (above 124 kg ha-1) - after the first date of soil sampling. The soil samples were collected from the Ap horizon (0-30 cm) of the rhizosphere in four times. The activity of urease decreased significantly with the increasing doses of potassium. The highest activity of dehydrogenases was found in soil fertilised with nitrogen at 20 kg ha-1 and potassium at 166 kg ha-1. Varied potassium fertilisation did not significantly affect the level of acidic or alkaline phosphatase. The biochemical index of potential soil fertility, as affected by nitrogen fertilisation, was the highest with nitrogen supplied at 20 kg ha-1 and with potassium at 166 kg ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to determine changes in the content of copper and iron in the pea seed (Pisum sativum L.) and in the soil under the influence of different doses of potassium fertilizers. The field experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2012 using completely random with four replications on the experimental plots of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities. The study included seven levels of fertilizing: without fertilization, N, NK1, NK2, NK3, NK4, NK5. Nitrogen was used at a dose of 20 kg·ha-1. Potassium fertilizers were used in doses: K2 - 41.5; K2 - 83; K3 - 124; K4 - 166; K5 - 207.5 kg·ha-1. Not used phosphorus fertilization, because the soil was characterized by very high abundance of available phosphorus. The applied of potassium 124, 166 i 207.5 kg.ha-1 significantly decreased copper content in the seed and pea roots, while in the straw and husks significant reduction occurred at a dose of 207.5 kg·ha-1. The iron content was significantly reduced in the seed and the roots of pea under the influence of potassium fertilization dose 207.5 kg·ha-1, at a dose husks 166 kg·ha-1 and the straw under the influence of potassium fertilization 124 kg·ha-1. The highest total content of iron and copper were determined in soil samples collected at the end of the growing season. Potassium fertilization 166 kg.ha-1 significantly influenced the increase in the total content of copper and iron in the soil in all analyzed soil sampling dates. Assay of copper and iron in the dry matter of seeds, straw and husks pea was located below the range limit numbers specifying the permissible amounts of these elements for feed purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the content of barium, strontium and arsenic in eastern galega under the influence of potassium fertilization, and then comparing the results with acceptable standards of animal nutrition and calculation download analyzed elements with the yield of the test plant. The three-year study takes into account three factors: I - harvest dates eastern galega (three terms); II - years of research (three years); III - fertilization (six objects): control object, P, K1, PK2, PK3, PK4). Phosphatic fertilizers in the form of triple superphosphate applied in the autumn at a dose of P - 23 kg·ha-1, and potassium (K1 - 83, K2 - 124; K3 - 166; K4 - 207.5 kg·ha-1) in the form of potassium salt 60% used in two doses (early spring - up to 124 kg·ha-1 and the rest after the deadline set). Not used nitrogen fertilizer, since the study was carried out on plantations of many years. Diversified potassium fertilization significantly influenced the changes in the content of barium, strontium and arsenic in eastern galega. Increasing doses of potassium (K2 - 124, K3 - 166 kg·ha-1) significantly reduced the content of barium in the plant test. The use of potassium salt at a dose of K4 (207.5 kg·ha-1) resulted in significantly increasing the content of strontium and arsenic in eastern galega. The terms collection and subsequent years of research ambiguously influenced the changes in the content of analyzed elements in eastern galega. The assay of the barium, strontium and arsenic in the dry matter eastern galega housed below the range limit numbers specifying the permissible amounts of these elements in the feed. Eastern galega collected from the object PK3 (166 kg·ha-1) with the field uptake the greatest amount of barium, strontium and arsenic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A pot experiment was carried out in two one-year series to examine the effect of various concentrations of Tytanit (0.001-3.6%) applied once or twice alongside mineral NPK fertilization, on the content of Zn, Li, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd in celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill. Pers.). The total content of select elements was determined in the solution obtained after dry combustion of celery biomass by atomic emission spectrophotometry with the inductively coupled plasma technique (ICP-AES). Foliar application of Tytanit at different concentrations alongside NPK fertilization significantly diversified the content of Zn, Li, Ni, and Pb in the petioles and leaf blades of celery. Together with the incremental concentrations of Tytanit, a reduction in the bio-accumulation of Zn, Li, Pb, and Cr was detected in the aerial parts of the plant, although the accumulation of Ni in the celery biomass increased. A higher content of Ni and Pb was found in the petioles than in the leaf blades. The contents of Zn, Li, and Cr were higher in the leaf blades than in the petioles, while the content of Cd was comparable in the petioles and leaf blades. The double application of Tytanit with an increasing concentration of Ti caused the decreasing Zn uptake by biomass yield of petioles as well as Li with the yield of petioles and leaf blades. The results indicate that celery is susceptible to accumulation of heavy metals. The uptake of Zn, Li, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd with the celery yield was unambiguously correlated with the Tytanit application. The quality of yield, and not the volume, should be a determinant used for evaluation in its production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Elementology is the property of Journal of Elementology - issued by Polish Magnesium Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the changes in boron and manganese in soil and biomass of goat's rue the influence PK fertilization. Also calculated uptake of B and Mn from the biomass yield of the tested plant. The experiment was conducted in 2005-2007 years in the experimental object, belonged to the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities. The study included six objects with variable PK fertilization. The three cut of the test plant at the stage of budding were collected in each year of the study. The total content of B i Mn in the plant and soil was determined by emission spectrophotometr with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES). Phosphorus fertilization (P50) significantly influenced the increase boron and manganese content in the biomass of the goat's rue. The increasing doses of potassium caused a decrease of these elements in plant. The most B and Mn was determined in a test plant fertilized with dose P50. The largest boron goat's rue download with in the growing season was obtained under the influence of fertilization P50K150 and manganese for doses P50K200. The most boron was determined in soil fertilized with P50K250 dose and manganese in the soil form the taken fertilizer K100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study involved a 4-year pot investigation of loamy sand soil to which waste organic materials, brown coal ash, and mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium (NPKMg) were applied. Maize was the tested plant material grown in this soil mixture. The aim of this investigation was to determine the levels of enzymatic activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urease (URE), and soil dehydrogenases (SDH) in this soil treated with organic materials, ash, and mineral fertilizers. Organic materials and ash significantly affected enzymatic activity of the soil. Mineral fertilization increased activities of ACP and SDH accompanied by a decrease in ALP activity. Data thus indicate that treatment of soils with organic materials, ash, and fertilizers alters soil enzymatic activity and, subsequently, the potential growth of corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with nickel, taking into consideration various rates of liming and organic fertilization, on the activity of selected soil enzymes - urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and carbon content in organic compounds, total nitrogen and pH of the soil collected after cultivation of cock's-foot which was conducted in the facilities of the Siedlce University of Natural Science and Humanities, in a completely random design, in three replications. The experiment involved the following factors: I - liming (without liming and liming according to 1 Hh of soil in the form of CaCO3); II - organic fertilization (without organic fertilization and sludge from the sewage treatment plant in Siedlce, in a dose which introduced to the soil 2 g C·kg-1 of soil); III - varied rates of soil contamination with nickel (without nickel, 50 and 100 mg Ni·kg-1 of soil, by application of NiCL2. 6 H2O). Soil formation used in the experiment was collected from the arable layer of 0 - 20 cm of podzolic soil, of granulometric composition of heavy loamy sand. A test plant was cock's-foot (Daktylis glomerata L.), which was harvested in each vegetation season in four cuts. The soil was examined after each cut of the test plant. All factors examined in the experiment significantly diversified the features under analysis, but their effect was not always explicit and depended both on the feature and the time of collecting samples for analysis. The applied liming resulted in reduction of the activity of acid phosphatase, organic carbon content and total nitrogen in the soil under examination, and caused an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and pH. A higher content of carbon and nitrogen, and a higher activity of all enzymes were found in the objects where sludge was applied, as compared to the objects where organic fertilization was not used. Growing amounts of nickel in the soil did not significantly diversify the features under analysis. The rate of nickel introduced to soil in this experiment did not result in any significant changes in the activity of the enzymes under examination, which can be explained by its small doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil samples were collected after the 4th crop of grass in the second year of pot experiment, in which the influence of liming (according to 1 Hh) and organic fertilization (sewage sludge and poultry droppings) were examined. Total sulfur content and its fractions (in the form of SO42-, available sulfur, and sulfur from humus compounds) were determined in soil samples. The organic materials applied caused a significant increase in total sulfur content in the soil and considerably increased the amount of sulfur in organic compounds. Liming did not exert any influence on total and available sulfur content, while it decreased the level of sulfur in humus compounds. Arylsulfatase activity in the soil significantly depended on the organic material and liming applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pot experiment was aimed at evaluating the influence of fresh and composted sewage sludge with CaO, brown-coal ash, straw, and sawdust addition on titanium, strontium, cobalt, and lithium contents in test plants. The highest titanium and strontium concentrations were found in objects fertilized with sludge with ash addition. Titanium content in maize plants fertilized with only sludge as well as mixtures with CaO, sawdust, and straw did not significantly differ. Strontium level in maize amended with sludge with CaO addition was higher than after applying sludge and its mixtures with sawdust and straw. All components added to the sludge considerably increased lithium content at maize, while cobalt amounts did not significantly differ depending on applied addition. In general, contents of examined elements in maize fertilized with fresh sewage sludge from Siedlce and Łuków did not significantly differ as compared to composts made from these materials. Concentrations of titanium, cobalt, and lithium in maize cultivated at the first year were higher than in the second or third years. The highest strontium content in test plant was recorded at the second cultivation year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents changes of molybdenum and cobalt contents at goat's rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) grown in the third and seventh year after seed sowing. Amounts of those microelements were determined at subsequent developmental stages of the plant. Average molybdenum and cobalt concentrations in dry matter of the whole goat's rue biomass in leaves and stalks were at similar levels (5.41; 5.53; 5.31 mg Mo — kg-1 and 0.27; 0.26; 0.19 mg Co ∙ kg-1). The highest contents of molybdenum were recorded in the third year of the study at the end of blooming stage, while cobalt at the budding stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]