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Returning crop residue can increase soil organic matter content, and residue quality has an influence over the rate of their turnover. However, there is a lack of information concerning the biochemical transformations of organic compounds of N and C present in the crop residues during subsequent crop growth. In this study, the contents of organic N and C fractions in soils obtained using acid and alkaline hydrolysis under two crop rotations (faba bean vs. wheat rotation) were investigated. Black fallow served as a control. The mean total N increased in the order: black fallow, wheat rotation, faba bean rotation, total C and SOM were higher in the cropped soils than in black fallow. Hydrolysable-N (1-step acid hydrolysis) reached 83.7% total N, amino acid-N and threonine+serine-N were the highest in faba bean rotation and the lowest in black fallow, ammonia-N and aminosugar-N were lower in black fallow than in cropped soils. Hydrolysable-N (2-step sequential fractionation) reached 85.3% total N and significant differences were noted between the cropped soils and black fallow, with respect to both the N and C contents. 15N was mainly accumulated in the N soluble and easily hydrolysable N compounds, and these fractions were greater in cropped soils than in black fallow. N in the humic compounds increased from black fallow to faba bean rotation. A PCA analysis showed that crop rotation and soil sampling terms had a substantial influence over cluster formation. An ANOSIM test revealed significant dif­ferences between the crop rotation and term treatments. The results indicated that soil with faba bean rotation is richer in N compounds than soil with wheat as a forecrop and this may result in a reduction in N fertilizers for the succeeding crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedological studies were carried out in the upper course of the Liviec River involving laboratory analyses of three profiles of hemic muck organic soil. The objective was to evaluate the basic properties (pH, crude ash content and carbon and nitrogen content) and to determine the speciation of carbon and nitrogen based on the sequential extraction with a neutral reagent (0.25M KCl) and two-stage acid hydrolysis at different concentrations of hydrogen ions (0.25M H2SO4 and 2.5M H2SO4).

The content of vanadium in exchangeable (F1), reducible (F2), oxidisable (F3) and residual fractions (F4) separated by BCR sequential extraction procedure and their distribution in 11 arable profiles of Eutric Cambisols, Haplic Luvisols and Stagnic Luvisols located on the Siedlce upland was evaluated. In these soils, the varied natural, not contaminated levels of total vanadium content were determined. Chemical analyses revealed that mean contents of vanadium in separated fractions, independently of type of investigated soils, can be arranged in the following decreasing series: F4 > F2 > F3 > F1. The highest amounts of this element in F1 (1.7%) and F4 (83.3%) fractions – in Stagnic Luvisols, and F2 (13.0%) and F3 (7.0%) fraction – in Eutric Cambisols were determined. The highest vanadium percentage share in the F1, F2 and F3 fractions was measured in the humus horizon (Ap) and in the F4 – in the enrichment horizons (B) and parent material horizons (Ck). A statistical analysis revealed the significant impact of selected soil properties (pH, Fe, Al and Mn compounds, CEC, Corg, clay fraction ø < 0.002 mm) on vanadium fractionation in investigated soils.

A field experiment was conducted in years 2016–2018 in crop-rotation: faba bean-winter wheat-winter wheat. After seedling emergency (2016) mineral fertilizer (15NH4)2SO4 having 20.1 at% 15N (dose of 30 kg N ha−1) was applied. The faba bean biomass contained 194.1 kg ha−1of nitrogen (140.0 kg of N in seeds and 54.1 kg in crop residue). This amount included 58.7 kg N ha−1 in seeds and 21.2 kg of N in crop residuesthat were fixed from the air. Crop residue were ploughed into soil. Plots with winter wheat cultivated after faba bean (2017) were divided on two sub-plots 0 and 100 kg N ha−1. Overall, winter wheat cultivated for two subsequent years took up from total nitrogen of crop residue 16.1 kg ha−1 of N in control and 29.8 kg ha−1 in fertilized plots, but from biologically fixed nitrogen 6.29 and 11.6 kg ha−1, respectively. Applied fertilizer contained 5.920 kg 15N ha−1 from which 1.577 kg 15N ha−1 was cumulated in faba bean seeds, 0.662 kg 15N ha−1 in crop residue (sum 2.239 kg 15N ha−1), 0.195 kg 15N ha−1 and in winter wheat harvested (2017) and 0.084 kg 15N ha−1 in winter wheat harvested (2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Nod factors (NFs) on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in 2014–2016 was investigated in a field experiment located on soil classified as a Haplic Luvisol. Nod factors were isolated from the Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain GR09. Faba bean was tested with NFs and without NFs, and the plants were harvested in two stages of growth: at the flowering and at full maturity. Plant parts were analyzed for biomass yield, N yield, and the amount of symbiotically fixed N. Based on the isotope dilution method (using N fertilizer in the form of ammonium sulfate [(15NH4)2SO4)], yields of N derived from the atmosphere, soil, and fertilizer were calculated. Nod factors did not have a significant influence on most of the investigated parameters, which were strongly differentiated by the amount of rainfall. However, NF application led to a significant increase in thousand‐seed weight (by 5.4%) and, importantly, NFs beneficially affected N yield in seeds (an increase of 16% compared with the control), the whole mature plant (by 17%), as well as in stripped pods (by 24%) in the dry year 2015. The results showed some possibility of using NFs as a biofertilizer for increasing faba bean productivity, especially under unfavorable conditions during seasons with water deficiency in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nod factors produced by rhizobia are one of the most important signals involved in symbiotic associations involving legumes. A field trial was performed to assess the symbiotic activity, rhizosphere biological parameters, and plant biomass of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) treated with Nod factors. The soil was a Haplic Luvisol derived from loess. The faba bean seeds (cv. Granit) were soaked with an Nod factors solution (260 nM) or water (control) and sown. At the flowering stage, the genetic diversity of rhizobia (based on PCR-RFLP profiles and the sequencing of the 16-23S rDNA and nodD gene), nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay), and nodule biomass were evaluated. Nitrogen yield and plant biomass were determined at the flowering and maturity stages. Rhizosphere soil was examined during plant growth in relation to the activities of dehydrogenase, protease, urease, and acid phosphomonoesterase. The results indicated that the application of the Nod factors improved nitrogenase activity (by 74-80%, depending on the parameter analysed) and increased the genetic diversity of rhizobia inhabiting root nodules, plant nitrogen content (by 16.8%, at maturity), and seed protein yield (by 14.6%). The rhizobial population became more heterogeneous under the influence of the Nod factors than it was for the control (12 and 7 specific genotypes, respectively). At the flowering stage, Nod factors enhanced dehydrogenase, protease, and acid phosphomonoesterase activities by 46, 36 and 9%, respectively. The results revealed the positive effect of Nod factors at reducing water deficiency effects during a growing season with a short-term rainfall deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the content, uptake and bioaccumulation of macronutrients in biomass of six genotypes of Miscanthus grass over a period of three years of cultivation. The possibilities of using ash from Miscanthus biomass were also assessed. The field experiment was conducted in the three years in centralwestern (Poznan) and in the central-northern (Elblg) part of Poland. Six genotypes of Miscanthus grasses were grown: MG1 (M1) Miscanthus gigan-teus (as standard), MG2 (M2) (plant code M 116) - hybrid M. sinensis (2x) x M. sacchariflorus (4x), MS3 (M3) (code M 105)- hybrid as above, MS4 (M4) (code M 114)- hybrid as above, MS5 (M5)- M. sinensis, obtained from hybrids 92M012 2012, MS6 (M6)- M. sinensis, obtained from hybrids 92M017 2004. Deep ploughing and harrowing was performed and fertilisation at N-80; P-100 and K-120 kg ha-1. Biomass of genotypes of Miscanthus grass grown in diverse soil and climatic conditions in Poland during three years contained the largest amount of carbon, hydrogen, silica, calcium, followed - in a decreasing order - by K, Mg, N, P, S and Na. The content of SiO2, Ca, K and N was significantly differentiated in biomass of consecutive genotypes. The Miscanthus biomass yield has been found to be significantly negatively correlated with the total content of Ca, K, Mg and Na. High content of alkaline elements in crude ash obtained from biomass Miscanthus testifies to the possibility of its use in agriculture as liming agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Elementology is the property of Journal of Elementology - issued by Polish Magnesium Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the impact of sewage sludge at doses of 10%, 20% and 30% of fresh soil (37, 74 and 110 Mg ha-1 DM) weight in a pot and of liming on the content of zinc in the tested plants: Italian ryegrass (in the first and fourth year of the experiment), sunflower and maize (in the second and third year), and in the soil after each harvest. Fertilization with sewage sludge significantly diversified the content of zinc in the cultivated plants. The concentration of this metal in soil also increased: the highest dose (110 Mg ha-1DM) of sewage sludge) resulted in a two- to three-fold increase of zinc content in comparison with the control objects. In general, liming significantly diversified the content of zinc in the tested plants and in the soil. After the first, second and third years, the complexes of zinc with the organic fraction (F4) were predominant in the soil, in the fourth year with the organic fraction (F4) and residual fraction (F7). Liming resulted in an increase in the zinc content in the residual fraction in comparison with the non-limed soil. The content of Zn in the tested plants increased together with the amount of Zn in the soil which was bound to organic matter (F4) and to manganese oxides (F3), which was confirmed by the highest positive correlation coefficient. The species of the tested plant significantly impacted the bioaccumulation of zinc. The highest zinc bioaccumulation factor was recorded for the biomass of Italian ryegrass in the first year of the experiment with lower values determined for the biomass of sunflower and maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe the adsorption of barium ions onto kaolinite with isotherms. The batch adsorption experiment was carried out and concentration of barium in the equilibrium solutions was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). After batch adsorption experiments, Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich and Toth adsorption isotherms were applied. The non-linear regression with the quasi-Newton algorithm was the method of estimating isotherm parameters. The applied empirical equations for the Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich and Toth adsorption isotherms generated a good description of the experimental data on adsorption of barium ions (Ba2+) on tested kaolinite. The estimators of am for the Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich and Toth isotherms (predicted maximum adsorption) may be (after being multiplied by the charge of ion) interpreted as the cation exchange capacity of clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contents of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, and lead were determined in tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) obtained from a field experiment carried out in 2003-05. The experimental factors consisted of two cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke (Albik and Rubik), plus different nitrogen nutrition levels on a background of constant phosphorus-potassium fertilization and of manure (FYM). The following experimental objects were formed: 1) control N0P0K0, and the following mineral objects: 2) N0P44K125, 3) N50P44K125, 4) N100P44K125, 5) N150P44K125, and 6) N200P44K125. Mineral fertilizers were not applied to the control object, but only manure (natural fertilizer) at the rate of 30 t·ha-1. The Rubik cv. accumulated more heavy metals than Albik cv.; the latter was characterized by less variability of heavy metals content. When applying constant phosphorus-potassium fertilization, the lowest cadmium content was recorded in combinations including 150 kg N·ha-1, cobalt - 100 kg N·ha-1, chromium (only phosphorus-potassium fertilization was used), as well as nickel and lead - in control object with no mineral nutrition. In both varieties of Jerusalem artichoke different amounts of heavy metals were collected due to the different mineral fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated copper content and its distribution in the exchangeable fraction (F1), the reducible fraction (F2), the oxidizable fraction (F3), and the residual fraction (the residues after extraction - F4) extracted with the optimized sequential BCR procedure in the particular horizons of 11 profiles of arable Cambisols and Luvisols of the Siedlce Upland region. In these soils, the varied natural, uncontaminated levels of total copper were determined. For the complete profiles, the average percentage share of copper fractions in the total copper content was arranged in the following decreasing order: F4 > F3 > F2 > F1 (Cambisols) and F4 > F2 > F3 > F1 (Luvisols). In the humus horizons of the tested soils, the highest percentage share of copper was found in F1 and F3 fractions, whereas the enrichment horizons and in the parent material horizons - in the F4 fraction. The highest Cu percentage share in the F2 fraction was measured in the humus horizon of Cambisols and in the enrichment horizons and in the parent material horizons of Luvisols. A statistical analysis revealed the significant impact of selected soil properties (pH, CEC, Corg, clay fraction Ø < 0.002 mm) on copper fractionation in investigated soils. The low total content of copper and low percentage of its bioavailable forms indicated deficit of these elements for plants. Taking into account the normal growth of crops, it is advisable to supplement copper deficiency by fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Elementology is the property of Journal of Elementology - issued by Polish Magnesium Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Elementology is the property of Journal of Elementology - issued by Polish Magnesium Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Elementology is the property of Journal of Elementology - issued by Polish Magnesium Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Old (Gene Bank) and modern cereal varieties have been cultivated on a certified organic farm in micro-plot experiment on light soil: 9 common wheat (Triticum aestivum), 4 spelt (T. spelta), 7 hard red wheat (T. dicoccum), 2 einkorn wheat (T. monococcum), as well as 5 common barley (Hordeum vulgare), 7 oat (Avena sativa), and 2 bristle oat varieties (A. strigosa). The beet-roots were the forecrop and manure fertilization at 15 t/ha rate was applied in spring. Total contents of selected trace elements (Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Mo, B, Li, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Se, Sn) were determined in kernels, straw, and roots of the above spring cereals. Significant differences in the content of some elements between old and modern varieties cereals. The chemical analyses revealed that total concentrations of studied elements could be lined up in the following sequences for particular cereals organs: In kernels: wheat and barley Fe>Al>Mn>Li>Ba>B> Sr>Ti>Se>Co>Mo; oat Fe>Mn>Al>Li>Ba>Sr>B>Se>Ti> Co>Mo; In straw: wheat Al>Fe>Ba>Li>Mn>Sr>B>Se>Ti>Co; barley and oat Al>Fe>Li>Ba>Mn>Sr>B>Se>Ti>Co; In roots: wheat and barley Fe>Al>Mn↔Sr>Ti>Ba> Li>B>V>Co; oat Fe>Al>Sr>Mn>Ba>Ti>Li>B>.V>Co. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environment Protection Engineering is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environment Protection Engineering is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environment Protection Engineering is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environment Protection Engineering is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environment Protection Engineering is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The influence of post-champignon subsoil fertilization as well as nutrition with only and completed mineral potassium-nitrogen fertilizers, and manure (standard) on lead, cadmium, and nickel contents at yields of Italian ryegrass was evaluated in two-year pot experiment. More lead and cadmium, while less nickel was recorded at ryegrass harvested from objects fertilized with only post-champignon subsoil as well as with mineral fertilizers addition as cornpared to objects treated with only manure. In most cases, concentration of the heavy metals studied showed a significant differentiation depending on the fertilization type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]