Search

Clusterbean (2n=14), also known as guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is relatively difficult to work in molecular biology because of the high polysaccharide such as galactomannan content of its endosperm and the high polyphenol content of its leaves. This study aimed to establish a robust genomic-DNA extraction protocol for clusterbean. The efficacy of DNA extraction protocol for a PCR quality genomic DNA extraction was found using DNA fingerprinting. This experiment involves extraction of DNA using a wash buffer containing Tris-HCl, PVP and addition of ↓- mercaptoethanol separately in each sample and extraction buffer containing CTAB, Tris-HCI, EDTA, NaCl and PVP followed by purification of DNA with RNAase, phenol : chloroform: isoamlyalcohol and finally precipitation of DNA by chilled isopropanol. The protocol is simple and has no special requisites. In terms of quantity (up to1009.5-2119.1 ng/μl) and quality (A260/280 = 1.76 to 1.87) the present method has advantages over many other plant DNA extraction protocols. This protocol can probably be extended also to other leguminous species mainly pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usage of internet and social media backgrounds tends in the use of sending, receiving and posting of negative, harmful, false or mean content about another individual which thus means Cyberbullying. Bullying over social media also works the same as threatening, calumny, and chastising the individual. Cyberbullying has led to a severe increase in mental health problems, especially among the young generation. It has resulted in lower self-esteem, increased suicidal ideation. Unless some measure against cyberbullying is taken, self-esteem and mental health issues will affect an entire generation of young adults. Many of the traditional machine learning models have been implemented in the past for the automatic detection of cyberbullying on social media. But these models have not considered all the necessary features that can be used to identify or classify a statement or post as bullying. In this paper, we proposed a model based on various features that should be considered while detecting cyberbullying and implement a few features with the help of a bidirectional deep learning model called BERT.

Health system resilience is a prerequisite for effectively managing cataclysmic events adversely affecting health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic reasserted the importance of having resilient health systems and called for a relook at the existing framework that measures health system resilience. Mixed methods were used in this study. The review started with the measurement of health systems resilience and its context. Ebola epidemic triggered the importance, hence our search focused on published literature from 2014 to 2021. Based on the review, a semi-structured tool was developed for key in-depth interviews of seven experts from different countries. The frameworks focused on climate change, disaster management, health systems, city-specific resilience, and e-resilience were reviewed. In-depth interviews highlighted that resilient health systems need to engage the private sector, priority areas like leadership and governance, health resources, and a unified agenda for global collaboration. From experts' point of view, the inherent nature of health systems to respond to shock was clearly defined as the resilient health system. Health systems resilience definition needs to be defined, based on which assessment indicators will be identified. Indicators need to evolve continuously and be able to measure resilience at sub-national, national, regional, and global levels., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Dsouza et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is considered as the next natural progression of traditional statistical techniques. Advances in analytical methods and infrastructure enable AI to be applied in health care. While AI applications are relatively common in fields like ophthalmology and cardiology, its use is scarcely reported in nephrology. We present the current status of AI in research toward kidney disease and discuss future pathways for AI. The clinical applications of AI in progression to end-stage kidney disease and dialysis can be broadly subdivided into three main topics: (a) predicting events in the future such as mortality and hospitalization; (b) providing treatment and decision aids such as automating drug prescription; and (c) identifying patterns such as phenotypical clusters and arteriovenous fistula aneurysm. At present, the use of prediction models in treating patients with kidney disease is still in its infancy and further evidence is needed to identify its relative value. Policies and regulations need to be addressed before implementing AI solutions at the point of care in clinics. AI is not anticipated to replace the nephrologists' medical decision-making, but instead assist them in providing optimal personalized care for their patients., (© 2020 The Authors. Seminars in Dialysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Many countries, including India, seek locally constructed disease burden estimates comprising mortality and loss of health to aid priority setting for the prevention and treatment of diseases. We created the National Burden Estimates (NBE) to provide transparent and understandable disease burdens at the national and subnational levels, and to identify gaps in knowledge., Methods: To calculate the NBE for India, we combined 2017 UN death totals with national and subnational mortality rates for 2010-17 and causes of death from 211 166 verbal autopsy interviews in the Indian Million Death Study for 2010-14. We calculated years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 2017 using published YLD-YLL ratios from WHO Global Health Estimates. We grouped causes of death into 45 groups, including ill-defined deaths, and summed YLLs and YLDs to calculate disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for these causes in eight age groups covering rural and urban areas and 21 major states of India., Findings: In 2017, there were about 9·7 million deaths and 486 million DALYs in India. About three quarters of deaths and DALYs occurred in rural areas. More than a third of national DALYs arose from communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional disorders. DALY rates in rural areas were at least twice those of urban areas for perinatal and nutritional conditions, chronic respiratory diseases, diarrhoea, and fever of unknown origin. DALY rates for ischaemic heart disease were greater in urban areas. Injuries caused 11·4% of DALYs nationally. The top 15 conditions that accounted for the most DALYs were mostly those causing mortality (ischaemic heart disease, perinatal conditions, chronic respiratory diseases, diarrhoea, respiratory infections, cancer, stroke, road traffic accidents, tuberculosis, and liver and alcohol-related conditions), with disability mostly due to a few conditions (nutritional deficiencies, neuropsychiatric conditions, vision and other sensory loss, musculoskeletal disorders, and genitourinary diseases). Every condition that was common in one part of India was uncommon elsewhere, suggesting state-specific priorities for disease control., Interpretation: The NBE method quantifies disease burden using transparent, intuitive, and reproducible methods. It provides a simple, locally operable tool to aid policy makers in priority setting in India and other low-income and middle-income countries. The NBE underlines the need for many more countries to collect nationally representative cause of death data, paired with focused surveys of disability., Funding: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) have been shown to improve the quality of transanal resections, allowing for improved visibility and access to the proximal rectum. This study compares the short-term outcomes between TEM and TAMIS among experienced colorectal surgeons., Method: A retrospective review was conducted for TEM and TAMIS performed from 2012 to 2015 by local colorectal surgeons. Baseline patient demographics, operative variables, pathology results, and short-term outcomes were assessed., Results: Sixty-nine patients were identified (40 TEM and 29 TAMIS). Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, operative variables, margin status, and postoperative complications were similar for both. Volume of resection was higher for TAMIS (P < .001). Lymph node retrieval was achieved in 17.2% of TAMIS cases compared with 0% of TEM (P = .01)., Conclusions: TAMIS appears to have equivalent indications and outcomes compared with TEM. TAMIS is associated with larger specimens and more frequent presence of mesorectal lymph nodes., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to clinically test the efficacy of author's approach of suture ligation and mucopexy for patients having symptomatic and prolapsing hemorrhoids., Materials and Methods: 616 patients (255 females) complaining of symptoms of hemorrhoids were included in the study. The hemorrhoids were suture ligated with an absorbable suture material under vision. Operating time, postoperative complications, time to return to work, and outcome of the procedure were analyzed. Follow-up was planned following discharge after 1 month, 6 months and after at least 1 year. Patient satisfaction was also assessed., Results: The mean procedure time was 8 +/- 0 minutes (range, 6-15 minutes), and the total admission period was 12 +/- 4 Hours. Perianal thrombosis and skin tags were the commonest post-operative complications. The mean total analgesic dose and duration of pain control using analgesics was 19 +/- 4 tablets, and 9 +/- 3 days respectively.The postoperative follow up after 4 weeks revealed therapeutic success in 589 patients (95.6%), who presented with hemorrhoidal bleeding. Prolapse was no longer observed in 98% of patients and 96% patients experienced no pain after defecation. 93% patients completed the one-year follow-up and 89 percent of them were asymptomatic. The patient satisfaction scoring was 8.2% on visual analogue scale., Conclusion: Suture ligation and mucopexy of hemorrhoids is an easy-to-perform technique that is well accepted by patients and has good results for prolapsing hemorrhoids.

Recent measurements of carbon isotopes in carbon dioxide using near-infrared, diode-laser-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) are presented. The CRDS system achieved good precision, often better than 0.2 per thousand, for 4% CO2 concentrations, and also achieved 0.15-0.25 per thousand precision in a 78 min measurement time with cryotrap-based pre-concentration of ambient CO2 concentrations (360 ppmv). These results were obtained with a CRDS system possessing a data rate of 40 ring-downs per second and a loss measurement of 4.0 x 10(-11) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2). Subsequently, the measurement time has been reduced to under 10 min. This standard of performance would enable a variety of high concentration (3-10%) isotopic measurements, such as medical human breath analysis or animal breath experiments. The extension of this ring-down to the 2 microm region would enable isotopic analysis at ambient concentrations, which, combined with the small size, robust design, and potential for frequent measurements at a remote site, make CRDS technology attractive for remote atmospheric measurement applications.

Background: The author describes a modified procedure of ablation with a radiofrequency device and plication of the hemorrhoidal mass for prolapsing hemorrhoids. The study is aimed at ascertaining if this procedure provides any advantages over the conventional hemorrhoid surgery., Materials and Methods: Two different studies are included. The first study describes 600 serial patients with prolapsing hemorrhoids treated with this technique over a period of 18 months. An Ellman radiofrequency generator was used for the ablation of the hemorrhoids. The operative technique and postoperative outcome is reported. The second study compares this technique with standard Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy in a randomized trial of 100 patients., Results: With this new procedure, the post-defecation pain and pain at rest were within tolerable limits (pain scores 1 to 4 on visual analog scale). Post-defecation bleeding was present in 60% of the patients. Pruritus and perianal thrombosis were complained by few others. No patient encountered any incontinence, prolapse, or stenosis. The comparative study showed definite advantages of this modified technique over Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy., Conclusion: The procedure of radiofrequency ablation and plication of hemorrhoids restricts the hospital stay to only a few hours and provides rapid physical recovery. It does seem to be a better alternative to the conventional surgical procedures in terms of postoperative pain, return to work, and complications.

Photorefractive BaTIO3 is used as an optical novelty filter to highlight the high spatial frequency components of the photothermal signal. A real-time phase grating recorded in BaTIO3 acts as a matched rejection spatial filter for the probe laser. This reduces the stationary background from the optical signals thereby increasing signal contrast ratios. Rejection of the monotonous stationary signal provides a powerful means of improving the photothermal signal. This paper describes the construction of this novel apparatus and the experiments performed in order to compare its performance with photothermal lensing results. A theory that explains photothermal signal filtering with BaTIO3 as an adaptive spatial frequency filter is presented. Results comparing the optical signals obtained in a photothermal lensing experiments and those obtained in the BaTIO3 optical novelty filter experiments are presented. The optical novelty filter signals demonstrate a remarkable improvement in the signal contrasts for moderate photothermal-induced phase shifts.