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Introduction: Calendula officinalis is a member of the family Asteraceae containing flavonoids, and essential oils etc. It is known to be effective against certain gram negative and gram positive clinical pathogens. Incorporating natural plant extracts into periodontal antiinfective therapy is a wise alternative in light of rampant antibiotic resistance amongst periodontal pathogens. Aim: To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of C.officinalis against five oral microbes, as compared to gold standard chlorhexidine digluconate. Materials and Methods: The inhibitory action of the two test agents, chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% and C.officinalis raw extract was assessed using tests to determine minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and inhibition zones using agar diffusion method. Time kill curve method was used to assess the time in which drug was inhibitive against five oral microbes namely, A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis, P.intermedia, F.nucelatum and S.mutans. Results: P.gingivalis and P.intermedia were sensitive to C.officinalis, while F.nucleatum and A.actinomycetemcomitans exhibited reduced sensitivity. C.officinalis was highly effective against S.mutans (3.12 µg/mL), its inhibitory concentration close to that of chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% (6.25 µg/mL). C.officinalis took longer than chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% to exhibit lethality against all the organisms that it inhibited. Chlorhexidine exhibited immediate lethality (zero minute) against S.mutans while it inhibited the other microbes at 5 minutes. A.actinomycetemcomitans and P.intermedia were inhibited by C.officinalis at 30 minutes, S.mutans at 10 minutes. F.nucleatum was inhibited by C.officinalis at 2 hours and no inhibition of P.gingivalis by C.officinalis was observed. Conclusion: C.officinalis showed antimicrobial efficacy against most organisms tested, yet its efficacy was not on par with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2%. However, its performance could still be used as evidence to spur on further human clinical trials, in patients undergoing phase I or IV therapies.

Resorption of the root can be either internal or external and may manifest in the form of perforations on the middle third of the root surface. These resorptions may have undesirable sequelae such a gingival inflammation, periodontal destruction and bone resorption. Numerous materials have been tested to treat such lesions in the past. The present case makes use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a periodontal flap for the management of external root resorption. With the success of treatment and desirable outcomes at follow-up appointments, MTA proved to be an effective and viable material of choice.

Aims: It has been estimated that >30% of male infertility cases are of idiopathic etiology. Recent studies revealed a positive connection between periodontal pockets and sperm submotility, which proposes that periodontitis may have a role in male infertility and inadequate semen quality. The aim of the present investigation was to inspect the relationship between male fertility parameters and the periodontal status of male patients attending in vitro treatment (IVF) clinic. Materials and Methods: The study participants comprised 85 men going to the facility for sperm investigation before semen insemination. The nature of sperm was surveyed by the WHO 2010 criteria. On the same day, male patients were examined for periodontal parameters. Results: The patients were determined to have either gingivitis (24.7%) or periodontitis (75.3%). Normospermia was credited to 23.5% and oligozoospermia to 43.5%. Sperm submotility was seen in 76.4% of patients. A higher number of sites with clinical attachment loss showed a positive correlation with sperm submotility and sperm count. Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed a conceivable relationship between male infertility, decreased semen quality, and periodontal diseases in men visiting IVF centers. Periodontitis may subsequently play a role in male infertility.

Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) technologies have been shown to significantly support alveolar bone. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of rhBMP-2 following periodontal flap surgery in vertical defects on clinical and radiological parameters. Methods: A randomized double-blind controlled trial was carried out, wherein rhBMP-2 was used in the test group after open flap debridement (OFD). The control group was only OFD. The same examiner carried out both clinical and radiographic measurements at baseline, 6 and 9 months. Results: In rhBMP-2 + OFD sites, the probing pocket depth reduction was 1.45 ± 0.76, 2.50 ± 0.69 at 6 months and 9 months, respectively (both P < 0.001) and clinical attachment gain was 0.92 ± 0.76, 1.31 ± 0.48 at 6 months, and 9 months, respectively (both P < 0.001). Radiographic fill was 1.14 ± 0.73, 1.85 ± 0.83 at 6 months, and 9 months postoperatively (P < 0.001) and percentage of original defect resolved at 6 and 9 months was 40.2 ± 18.6, 60.1 ± 15.8, respectively. Conclusions: The periodontal therapy can include rhBMP-2 to enhance periodontal regeneration. The clinical and radiographic improvement are demonstrated in this study.

Introduction: To compare the effects of hyaluronan (Gengigel) alone and in combination with scaling using clinical, microbial, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) parameters. Materials and Methods: In this, the three treatment groups included were scaling, scaling plus local application of Gengigel, and Gengigel alone. The 0.2% hyaluronic acid (HA) gel was applied topically and intrasulcularly 0.8% hyaluronan was applied. The clinical parameters, and microbial and biochemical analyses of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) LDH were assessed. Intragroup comparisons were made by Student′s unpaired t-test and intergroup comparisons were done using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Turkey′s test. Results: At the end of study period (0-56 day), intergroup comparison demonstrated no significant reduction in plaque index (PI) (0.07 NS), gingival index (GI) (0.99 NS), and LDH (0.70 NS) values. A significant correlation was found between LDH values and bleeding index at all study intervals (0 days, 28 days, and 56 days); gingival index (GI) (0.007 S) was significantly correlated on day 0 and day 56. The microbial reduction was demonstrated. Conclusion: These changes in the clinical, microbial, and biochemical parameters reported with the different treatment modalities clearly support that the use of Gengigel would act as an advantageous adjunct to scaling. Further studies are required to confirm the Gengigel effect using histologic methods.

Background: Halitosis has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced in the oral cavity by metabolic activity of bacteria colonizing the periodontal pockets and the dorsum of the tongue. It has been assumed that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the malodor using the organoleptic method and tanita device; to quantify odoriferous microorganisms of subgingival plaque and tongue coating, such as P. gingivalis (Pg), T. forsythia (Tf), and F. nucleatum (Fn) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in nondiabetic and diabetic chronic periodontitis patients. Patients and Methods: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients (with and without diabetes) with 5-7 mm pocket depth, radiographic evidence of bone loss, and presence of oral malodor participated in this study. Subjective assessment of mouth air was done organoleptically and by using a portable sulfide monitor. Tongue coating was also assessed. Results: The scores of plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, VSC levels, and tongue coating between the nondiabetic and diabetic patients were not significant (P>0.5). In nondiabetic patients, Fn was found to be significantly (P0.5). In diabetic patients, Fn and Tf have shown significant (P