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Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their association with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors among 33- to 35-year-old Finnish adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986)., Methods: The sample included 1788 NFBC1986 subjects that have been clinically examined in 2018-19. TMD symptoms were inquired, and clinical TMD examinations were performed based on the Diagnostic Criteria of TMD (DC/TMD). Sociodemographic factors and depression/anxiety symptoms based on Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were inquired using questionnaire., Results: The prevalence of at least one of TMD symptoms was 30.4%. Women had higher prevalence of TMD symptoms and diagnoses compared to men. Female sex, anxiety/depression symptoms and socioeconomic group associated significantly with TMD pain symptoms and pain-related diagnoses., Conclusion: The most frequent TMD diagnosis was myalgia and 26.4% had at least one TMD diagnosis. Anxiety/depression symptoms were associated with TMD symptoms and pain-related diagnoses.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity may be associated with dental anxiety; however, no studies exist on the topic. The aim of this study was to assess if ANS activity and dental anxiety are associated. Data were collected as part of a Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study, NFBC1966, at the age of 46 years with eligible data on 1905 participants. Dental anxiety was measured using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) categorized as follows: 19-25 = high, 10-18 = moderate, 5-9 = no to low dental anxiety. Heart rate variability (HRV) data were collected using an HR monitor and a standard lead-II electrocardiogram (ECG). Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was calculated from continuous ECG and blood pressure signals. Participants were categorized into three groups as follows: Low = the lowest 20th percentile, Mid = medium 21-79th percentile, and High = the highest 20th percentile according to their ANS variables. The associations between the MDAS and ANS activity parameters were evaluated using unordered multinomial logit models adjusted for comorbidities, β-blockers, BMI, smoking, and education. High heart rate, reduced HRV, low cardiac vagal modulation, and poor BRS were associated with moderate dental anxiety, and high cardiac vagal modulation and good BRS were associated with no to low dental anxiety. Poorer ANS activity might predispose some to dental anxiety, and better ANS activity might protect from dental anxiety.

Engineered microbial cells can produce sustainable chemistry, but the production competes for resources with growth. Inducible synthetic control over the resource use would enable fast accumulation of sufficient biomass and then divert the resources to production. We developed inducible synthetic resource-use control over Saccharomyces cerevisiae by expressing a bacterial ClpXP proteasome from an inducible promoter. By individually targeting growth-essential metabolic enzymes Aro1, Hom3, and Acc1 to the ClpXP proteasome, cell growth could be efficiently repressed during cultivation. The ClpXP proteasome was specific to the target proteins, and there was no reduction in the targets when ClpXP was not induced. The inducible growth repression improved product yields from glucose (cis,cis-muconic acid) and per biomass (cis,cis-muconic acid and glycolic acid). The inducible ClpXP proteasome tackles uncertainties in strain optimization by enabling model-guided repression of competing, growth-essential, and metabolic enzymes. Most importantly, it allows improving production without compromising biomass accumulation when uninduced; therefore, it is expected to mitigate strain stability and low productivity challenges.