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Optimal sizing and siting of the renewable energy distributed generation (REDG) and capacitor bank (CB) units in the distribution systems takes over several advantageous economical and practical consequences which can effectively enhance the overall performance of distribution system issues. The sizing and siting optimization scheme for REDG, specially wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) corresponds to a tough mission because of their stochastic nature. This paper aims to propose a novel optimization scheme based on multi-objective bezier search differential evolution algorithm (MOBSDEA) to solve the accurate sizing and siting of REDG and CB units which will be followed by the economical and practical benefits. Hence, some important objective functions such as: reduction of power losses, cost-effectiveness of electrical energy and enhancement of voltage profile are considered. Two different power systems have been studied to approve the proposed optimal sizing and siting scheme. Finally, the simulations result under IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus power systems have determinedly confirmed the high-performance of MOBSDEA-based optimal sizing and siting scheme as compared to other optimization algorithms. A brief improvement of simulation results in percentage is presented as follows: (1) the power loss reduction using MOBSDEA-based optimization has been attained 88.2% and 69.8% for IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus power systems, respectively. (2) The energy production cost reduction using MOBSDEA-based optimization has been attained 19.2% and 32.8% for IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus power systems, respectively. The voltage profile deviation reduction using MOBSDEA-based optimization has been attained 5.4% and 3.1% for IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69- bus power systems, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive method is a new procedure in stabilizing loose soils. This methodology is a type of interlocking soil particles structures. In order to optimum improve in this method, it is necessary to achieve proper penetration length and increase the shear strength of parameters. Researchers have shown an increased resistance to liquefaction and decreased permeability due to colloidal Nano silica injection in soil. In this research, sandy soil was mixed with silt in 5%, 10%, and 15% percent. Then, specimens in dry and saturated conditions were placed under the influence of Nano silica colloid. For determining geotechnical properties of improved specimens, direct shear test was performed in three situations (dry, saturated, and injected). Moreover, for studying drainage condition after stabilizing specimens, constant head, permeability test was carried out. The results showed that geotechnical properties in the injected state increased compared to the non-injected state. Generally, this increase in cohesion and integral friction respectively on average in specimen’s equal 2%, 1.18% and in saturate state equal 1.21%, 1.13%. Besides, with the injection of Nano silica colloid, the amount of vertical settlement in the samples on average 22% decreased. Furthermore, the amount of permeability of the stabilized materials showed on average 58% went down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]