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We pay attention to Laser driven ion accelerator that uses high intensity Laser as a new method can accelerate high energy ions. Then, hydrogen cluster, hydrogen molecules compose by intermolecular force, is studied as a new target material in japan. It is possible for us to get high energy ions efficiency when we use the substance in Laser driven ion acceleration experiment. Such useful materials is known that the energy got from them depend on the size of hydrogen clusters. That is why it is very important to discover the cluster size distribution and control them. We make automated system of hydrogen cluster size measurement device to control and simplify the measurement. We measure the size of hydrogen cluster by using Mie scattering phenomena. When the beam caused by Mie scattering are got at photomultiplier and the software made by LABVIEW captures the signal in Windows PC, we are able to obtain cluster size distribution. In this study, we write programs by using Visual Basic Script in Motion Manager 6 and automate the measurement device. As the automated system enable us to measure them effectively, we will examine differences in the size of hydrogen clusters produced by varying the conditions such as temperature, pressure, and nozzle shape., ICMaSS2021

In recent decades, laser-driven ion acceleration experiments have been carried out in the intense laser facilities. Laser-driven ion acceleration experiments using hydrogen cluster targets have been succeeded in accelerating more than 20 MeV protons, and it has a potential to develop energy saving compact particle accelerators. The energy spectrum must be measured in shot-by-shot of intense laser to reveal the stability of laser-accelerated protons. In the present study, it has been developed that the real-time energy spectrometer which can measure laser-accelerated protons and electrons in coaxial direction. The developed spectrometer consists separate magnetic and electric field parts. The magnetic field separate the direction of ions and electrons, then the electrons were entered into phosphor screen. The deflected ions which after passing the magnetic field pass through the electric field such as Thomson parabola spectrometer, then the ions were entered into micro channel plate with phosphor screen. Therefore, the developed spectrometer can measure shot-by-shot energy spectrum of laser-accelerated ions and electrons, and it can contribute to reveal the acceleration mechanism. In the presentation, we will show the detail of the developed spectrometer and some experimental results., ICMaSS2021

The laser-driven ion acceleration has been one of the most active areas of research during the last decade, because the accelerated ion beams have unique properties such as ultrashort duration, high brilliance, and low emittance. It has a potential to develop energy saving compact particle accelerators. In such situation, characterization of laser-accelerated ions in both space and energy domains are one of the most critical issues to understand the physics of laser-driven ion acceleration process. To characterize the laser-accelerated ions, we have applied CR-39 etched type track detectors and nuclear emulsion as the passive detectors. Several methods have been developed to measure two dimensional ion distributions and energy spectrum using the passive detectors. In addition, micro channel plate with phosphor screen integrate in Thomson parabola spectrometer to obtain the shot-by-shot energy spectrum of laser-accelerated ions. The recent results of the measurements using the active and passive ion detectors will be discussed in the presentation., ICMaSS2021

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in quadriceps femoris muscle thickness during the pregnancy and postpartum periods and to elucidate the effect of bed rest for threatened preterm labor on muscle thickness. In 26 women with normal pregnancy, quadriceps femoris thickness was measured at 11–13, 26, 30, and 35 weeks’ gestation, and at 3–5 days and 1 month postpartum using ultrasonography. In 15 pregnant women treated with bed rest for threatened premature labor, quadriceps femoris thickness was measured at 30 and 35 weeks’ gestation and postpartum. In women with normal pregnancy, quadriceps femoris thickness increased, peaking at 35 weeks’ gestation, followed by a postpartum decrease. In women on bed rest, quadriceps femoris thickness showed no significant change during the pregnancy and postpartum periods, and the muscle was significantly thinner at 35 weeks’ gestation than that in women with normal pregnancy. In conclusion, a significant increase in quadriceps femoris muscle thickness during normal pregnancy was found using ultrasonography. Meanwhile, in pregnant women on bed rest treatment, the quadriceps femoris was significantly thinner in the late third trimester than that in normal pregnant women. Prolonged bed rest can affect normal changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle thickness during the pregnancy and postpartum periods.

Objective : We aimed to demonstrate the effect of prolonged hospitalization on fetal growth in cases of threatened preterm labor (TPL). Methods : In this retrospective cohort study, we included women who received prenatal care for TPL but delivered their child after 36 weeks of gestation. These were compared with a control group of healthy pregnant women and fetuses delivered at term. Fetal growth was compared using biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference (AC), femur length, and estimated fetal weight (EFW) assessed using ultrasonography at 18, 26, 30, and 36 weeks of gestation. Neonatal parameters at birth were also compared. Results : In total, we enrolled 228 control women and 114 women with TPL who were treated with hospitalization, including bed rest. The AC at 30 and 36 weeks of gestation and EFW at 36 weeks of gestation were smaller in women treated with bed rest than for normal pregnant women. The mean duration of pregnancy was shorter in the hospitalization group than in the control group. Neonatal weight, length, head circumference, and chest circumference at birth were smaller after prolonged hospitalization for TPL than after normal pregnancy. Conclusion : Prolonged hospitalization for threatened preterm labor is associated with impaired fetal growth, particularly AC.

Few reports have focused on hemodynamics around delivery in pregnant women because of the difficulty of continuous and noninvasive measurement. Electrical cardiometry allows noninvasive continuous monitoring of hemodynamics and has recently been used in non-pregnant subjects. We compared the use of electrical cardiometry versus transthoracic echocardiography in healthy pregnant women and evaluated hemodynamics immediately after vaginal delivery. In Study 1, electrical cardiometry and transthoracic echocardiography were used to measure cardiac output in 20 pregnant women with threatened premature delivery. A significant correlation was found between the two methods, with electrical cardiometry showing the higher cardiac output. In Study 2, heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output were continuously measured in 15 women during vaginal delivery up to 2 h postpartum. Cardiac output increased markedly because of an increased heart rate and stroke volume at the time of newborn delivery. The heart rate then immediately returned to baseline, while cardiac output remained elevated for at least 2 h after delivery because of a sustained high stroke volume. Electrical cardiometry was as readily available as transthoracic echocardiography for evaluating hemodynamics and allowed for continuous measurement during labor. High intrapartum cardiac output was sustained for at least 2 h after vaginal delivery.

We aimed to demonstrate that the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in maternal and umbilical cord blood has a seasonal variation in Japanese women. The study cohort comprised 256 healthy Japanese women with a singleton pregnancy who delivered after 36 gestational weeks between 2012 and 2015. The season at delivery was categorized for 3 months and recorded as “spring”, “summer”, “autumn” and “winter”. Subjects were divided into four groups according to season. A sample of peripheral venous blood at 35-36 gestational weeks and blood from the umbilical vein at delivery were taken. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration (ng/mL) in maternal blood for each season (spring, summer, autumn and winter) was 18.0 (±6.7), 17.1 (±5.1), 21.6 (±8.0) and 16.0 (±5.1), whereas that for umbilical cord blood was 8.8 (±3.6), 8.6 (±2.6), 10.7 (±3.5) and 8.6 (±2.1), respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration of maternal and umbilical cord blood in autumn was higher than that for the other three seasons. In pregnant Japanese women, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood was affected by the season of delivery, with both being highest in autumn. Regardless of the season, the maternal serum concentration of 25(OH)D was low in Japan.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in plasma concentrations of adipokines in pregnant women with varying body mass indices (BMIs) with every trimester. Materials and Method In this study, 89 pregnant women were recruited. These women were divided into lean, normal, and overweight/obese groups. Serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and visfatin were measured in the first, second, and third trimesters. Results In the overweight/obese group, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin concentrations were not significantly affected by advanced gestational age. Leptin concentrations in the third trimester were significantly higher than those in the first and second trimesters. Adiponectin concentrations in the overweight/obese group were significantly lower than those in the lean group in the first and second trimesters. Visfatin concentrations in the overweight/obese group were significantly lower than those in the normal group in the first trimester. Leptin concentrations in the overweight/obese group were significantly higher than those in the lean and normal groups in all trimesters. Conclusion In the first trimester, the largest differences were observed between the overweight/obese group compared to the lean and normal group. The changes in adipokines in overweight/obese groups is different from those in lean and normal groups.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of muscle quantity, quality and physical functions in elderly with long-term care. Twenty-four elderly with long-term care (LTC-group, age 78 ± 8 years) and 21 elderly without long-term care (Cont-group, age 72 ± 7 years) participated in this study. Skeletal muscle mass (kg) was measured by a bioelectrical impedance device, and the skeletal muscle index [= skeletal muscle mass (kg) / height (m) 2] was calculated. The muscle thickness and echo intensity, as the parameters of muscle quantity and quality, was assessed from the rectus femoris and biceps femoris using B-mode transverse ultrasound images. We measured eight physical function tests [isometric knee extension peak torque, functional reach, one leg stand, sit-tostand test, 5-m normal/maximal speed walking, handgrip strength, and timed up and go test (TUG)]. Skeletal muscle index, muscle thickness and echo intensity were no difference between LTC- and Cont-group. The score of functional reach and sit-to-stand in LTC-group was lower than that in Cont-group (P < 0.001). The 5-m normal speed walking time was longer in LTC-group than Cont-group (LTC-group, 7.00 ± 2.71 s vs. Cont-group, 3.95 ± 0.48 s, P < 0.001); accordingly, the normal walk speed in LTC-group was slower than Cont-group (LTC-group, 0.81 ± 0.26 m/s vs. Cont-group, 1.28 ± 0.16 m/s, P < 0.001). Similar differences were found in the 5-m maximal speed walking time and speed. TUG score was worse in LTC-group than that in Cont-group. These results suggest that the physical functions, which indicated gait and balance abilities, lacked in LTC-group although muscle quantity and quality was similar to Cont-group. The deterioration of physical dysfunction in LTC-group was clearly shown in this study, and this could be contributed for the recovering from disability in LTC-group by rehabilitation or physical training.