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Selenomolybdate nanodots/antimonene composite is reported for the impedimetric detection of PDGF-BB, a cancer biomarker.

Indian English Literature has its roots in the works of the 19th century writers such as Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, and Sarojini Naidu. In this paper we have reflected mental harassment or emotional abuse through the literary work of famous writer Shashi Deshpande. Her novel “ That Long Silence “ is about a character “Jaya” whose journey of self discovery is a difficult one. She is the victim of the patriarchal society that has denied her the freedom to pursue her dreams. The novel highlights the struggle of women in India. It shows how women are expected to conform to the norms of society and how they are often denied basic rights to make decisions about their own lives. Deshpande encourages women to take charge of their own lives and to be independent and self-reliant.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that occurs due to the loss, or impaired function of insulin‐secreting pancreatic beta cells, which are of two types - type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). To cure DM, the replacement of the destroyed pancreatic beta cells of islet of Langerhans is the most widely practiced treatment. For this, isolating neuronal stem cells and cultivating them as a source of renewable beta cells is a significant breakthrough in medicine. The functions, growth, and gene expression of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells and neurons are very similar in many ways. A diabetic patient's neural stem cells (obtained from the hippocampus and olfactory bulb) can be used as a replacement source of beta cells for regenerative therapy to treat diabetes. The same protocol used to create functional neurons from progenitor cells can be used to create beta cells. Recent research suggests that replacing lost pancreatic beta cells with autologous transplantation of insulin-producing neural progenitor cells may be a perfect therapeutic strategy for diabetes, allowing for a safe and normal restoration of function and a reduction in potential risks and a long-term cure.

Chickpea is the second most significant legume grain, growing in 14.80 mhs regions all over the world. It contributes roughly 14.24 million people to the global food basket each year. Desi and Kabuli chickpeas are widely grown in India, and both cultivars have distinct physiochemical characteristics such as seed size and shape, hydration capacity, coat thickness, and protein content. The genetic basis of chickpea cultivars has been limited as a result of agricultural techniques. Molecular markers, on the other hand, have proven to be useful tools for accurate quantification and characterisation within plant species. Markers can be an excellent way to improve chickpeas quantitatively because they are a high source of protein and constitute 80% of total dry weight. Markers such as RAPD (Random amplified polymeric DNA), SSR (Single sequence repeat), AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and ISSR (Inter simple sequence repeat) have aided in improving breeding efficiency and thus promoting the generation of new species, as well as increasing yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. The goal of this review article is to understand the role of various molecular markers in identification, characterization and to know the role of molecular marker how to improve the chickpea variety.

Phenothiazine (PTZ) and its derivatives have traditionally been used for photocatalytic molecular oxygen activation in a variety of chemical transformation processes. Despite having a high reduction potential, phenothiazine is transparent under visible light and thus has limited photocatalytic activity at low energies of incidence. We have synthesized highly conjugated polyphenothiazine (PPTZ) nanomaterials via Chemical oxidative polymerization (COP) of PTZ in a one-pot reaction. Polymerization with metal-free oxidizing agents converted PTZ from being a UV-active material to visible light active via π-conjugation extension. Thus, PPTZ was found to be a highly active metal-free photocatalyst for the selective aerobic oxidation of alkyl arylthiosulfide to the corresponding sulfoxide under visible light. This is the first example of metal-free, conjugated PPTZ nanoparticles as a visible light-active photocatalyst for the activation of triplet molecular oxygen. The reduction potential of PPTZ was found to be suitable for the activation of triplet oxygen to produce a moderately reactive superoxide radical anion (O2⋅−) for selective oxidation reactions. PPTZ also exhibited highly active photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants under aerobic conditions.

A highly active photocatalyst is unveiled for the Fenton-like reactions in visible light. A metal-free covalent organic framework (COF) was highly active via a novel mechanical pulverization process. Under visible light, the activity of pulverized COF reached an apparent quantum yield of 41% for Fenton-like degradation. The exceptional performance is due to the conduction band's induced high excited electron density. The outstanding performance does not require pH adjustment by external means, unlike metal-based photocatalysts. The pulverized COF can be recycled up to five times. For industrial scale implementation, the photocatalyst outperformed in a continuous flow channel. The photocatalytic space-time yield (PSTY) was increased by 28 times over conventional batch photocatalysis. For successful chemical reactions, an exceedingly small amount of photocatalyst is required. Additionally, a very high photoreduction rate was also observed for hexavalent chromium, which was significantly better than the parent COF.

Dysoxyllum binectariferum is an important medicinal plant known for various biological activities like anti-inflammatory, CNS depressants, contraceptive, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antimalarial, antifeedant, leishmanicidal and antiviral. It is a rich source of rohitukine, a basic skeleton of flavopiridol. Phytochemical investigation of chloroform extracts of Dysoxyllum binectariferum leaves, lead to the isolation of beddomeilactone (1) and two new cycloartane type triterpenoids beddomeilactol (2) and binectarilactone-A (3) with modified A ring. Compounds were assessed for their in-vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compound 1 was found to be most potent, showing IC50 of 17.99 ± 0.26 µg/ml which is comparable to the positive control acarbose.

Background and Aim Work-related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are conditions in which work environment and work demands contribute significantly to musculoskeletal disorders. Exposure to physical and psychosocial hazards may lead to a higher chance of WMSD occurrence in Prosthetic and Orthotic professionals PampOs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WMSD and its association with sociodemographic variables and work-related hazards.Methods A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 237 working PampO professionals. Data on demographics paindiscomfort frequency of pain workplace physical and psychosocial hazards were collected. The responses of 120 participants were analysed.Results Overall prevalence rate in the participants was found to be 95 and 92 in the last 12 months and last four weeks respectively. The prevalence rate of WMSD in the low back was approximately 79 followed by the neck with 68 in the last 12 months and approximately 70 and 53 in the low back and feet ankles in the last four weeks. A significant association was reported between regular exercise job satisfaction work-life balance workload and physical hazards.Conclusion The study demonstrates a high prevalence of WMSD among PampOs working in India. Development of prevention strategies would help limit hazards and paindiscomfort in this professionals.

This paper paints a comprehensive picture of the changing Consumer Behavior towards Shopping Malls. An attempt has been made to investigate the different components that influence the consumer behavior towards emerging shopping mall. This literature review found that the customers do not go shopping malls only for the sake of shopping but for the entertainment. Different studies denote that various kind of factors are responsible that make the customers prefer shopping in big malls. The analysis drawn out in this paper will definitely help the retailers or shopkeepers to make changes if any in the shopping malls in order to attract maximum customers thereby satisfying their needs and making other important changes for the development of a mall.

High precision and rapid detection of pesticides are one of the most imperative requirements today to overcome environmental and food safety problems. Therefore, here, in this study, we proposed a simple colorimetric sensor for the visual determination of imidacloprid (IMD) using asparagine (Asp)-modified AuNPs. The synthesized Asp-AuNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR and DLS techniques. The colorimetric detection strategy was based on the significant red-shift in the absorption spectra of Asp-AuNPs (524 nm) to 656 nm with the addition of IMD. The electron-rich (NH2) group on surfaces of Asp-AuNPs act as an excellent colorimetric probe, which induced the aggregation of Asp-AuNPs in the presence of IMD, resulting in a visual colour change of Asp-AuNPs from wine-red to purple-blue. Under optimized conditions, the linear graph was plotted between the absorption ratio at A524/A656 and imidacloprid concentration in the range of 10–1000 µM. The detection limit was found to be 1.09 µM. The Asp-AuNPs showed a good response for visual detection of IMD in the presence of other common interfering pesticides and metal ions. Furthermore, to assess the applicability of the proposed method, real (tap and drinking) water and apple samples were analysed using Asp-AuNPs, the obtained findings demonstrated that the devised method has great potential for the determination of IMD in real samples.

A system of partial differential equations describing the one-dimensional motion of an inviscid self-gravitating and spherical symmetric dusty gas cloud, is considered. Using the method of the kinematics of one-dimensional motion of shock waves, the evolution equation for the spherical shock wave of arbitrary strength in interstellar dusty gas clouds is derived. By applying first order truncation approximation procedure, an efficient system of ordinary differential equations describing shock propagation, which can be regarded as a good approximation of infinite hierarchy of the system. The truncated equations, which describe the shock strength and the induced discontinuity, are used to analyze the behavior of the shock wave of arbitrary strength in a medium of dusty gas. The results are obtained for the exponents from the successive approximation and compared with the results obtained by Guderley’s exact similarity solution and characteristic rule (CCW approximation). The effects of the parameters of the dusty gas and cooling-heating function on the shock strength are depicted graphically.

troduction: Anal ssure is a non-healing linear tear in the distal anal mucosa below the dentate line and is a painful entity.Fissure in ano is a common proctologic disease affecting both men and womenparticularly young.They require surgery like manual anal dilation or lateral internal sphincterotomy which heal the ssure in more than 90% cases but with a signicant risk of impaired anal continence. Newer non surgical therapies such as topical 2% diltiazem gel, have shown good efcacy without impairing anal continence. The aim of the study is to compare the AIMefcacy of outcome of Lateral Sphincterotomy Versus 2% Diltiazem gel in the treatment of chronic ssure in ano. 70 Material and Methods: patients diagnosed with ssure in ano were randomly divided into 2 %Diltiazem and lateral sphincterotomy groups. Patient were followed up at regular interval for symptomatic relief and healing of ssure. Less 89.4% patients Result: in diltiazem group and 100% of patients in lateral internal sphicterotomy group ssure healed completely between 4-8 weeks. In the diltiazem group pain relief was fairly good. 42 patients (89.4%) had pain relief at the end of 14 weeks. But the pain relief in lateral internal sphincterotomy group was excellent with 100% patients having complete pain relief by 8 weeks. Mild headache was experienced with diltiazem patients.1 patient complained of atus incontinence with lateral internal sphincterotomy. We conclude that lateral sphincterotomy is the gold standard t Conclusion: reatment for the ssure in ano but chemical sphincterotomy using 2% topical diltiazem gel can be considered a good second line treatment option in those unt for surgery or for those not willing for surgery

Ficus palmata is an underutilized fruit crop widely grown in Himachal Pradesh, India. F. palmata is a good source of antioxidants, phytochemicals and nutrients which provides many health benefits. In the present study, polyphenolic compounds present in F. palmata were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector spectrometry. A total of seven polyphenolic compounds were detected in the F. palmata fruit and six of them were quantified. The rutin was found in the highest amount (226 μg/g) followed by isoquercitin (42.5 μg/g), quercitin (24.6 μg/g), kaempferol (2.45 μg/g), luteolin (1.45 μg/g), and cinnamic acid (0.7 μg/g). This study provides information about the polyphenolic compounds present in the F. palmata fruit and their possible nutraceutical uses in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Studies on Non-linear evolutionary equations have become more critical as time evolves. Such equations are not far-fetched in fluid mechanics, plasma physics, optical fibers, and other scientific applications. It should be an essential aim to find exact solutions of these equations. In this work, the Lie group theory is used to apply the similarity reduction and to find some exact solutions of a (3+1) dimensional nonlinear evolution equation. In this report, the groups of symmetries, Tables for commutation, and adjoints with infinitesimal generators were established. The subalgebra and its optimal system is obtained with the aid of the adjoint Table. Moreover, the equation has been reduced into a new PDE having less number of independent variables and at last into an ODE, using subalgebras and their optimal system, which gives similarity solutions that can represent the dynamics of nonlinear waves.

The chemical profiling of bloodstains is essential to link the suspect with the crime. The current study proposed a proof-of-concept methodology for the investigation of bloodstains by utilizing advanced ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with new generation chemometric methods. Current study provides encouraging data to allow discrimination between human and animal blood though with small sample size. In this study, different models for the age estimation of human bloodstains are developed from the trained data sets of 1–175 days old bloodstains. The models such as curve estimation (CE), multiple linear regression (MLR), and partial least squares regressions (PLSR) are developed to determine the best prediction model for aged human bloodstains. The obtained results on the dating of bloodstains are very encouraging and also tested for unknown samples. The maximum dating errors are observed in the curve estimation models whereas, the other models MLR, PLSR show excellent age estimation of unknown bloodstains. These models represent an error of ~3 ± 1 days and ~4 ± 1 days in actual and estimated date, respectively, which is lowest ever reported so far. The present methodology is expected to provide a valuable insight into forensic society and hence, to the law enforcement community. The present methodology can further be explored for an ideal model by including all other external variables/factors and for more longer aging time.

In this paper, the surface theory and compatibility conditions are used to describe the behavior of wave propagation and their culmination into a shock wave in a non-ideal reacting gas with dust particles. The one-dimensional steepening of waves is considered. A Bernoulli-type transport equation for the velocity gradient is obtained. A numerical approach is used to explain the effects of van der Waals excluded volume of the medium, radiation parameter, ratio of specific heats and dust particles.

Co-amorphous nanoparticles (NPs) formation is a relatively new strategy to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural product having many pharmacological effe...

In this article, we use the surface theory and compatibility conditions to describe the behaviour of wave propagation and their culmination into a shock wave in nonideal reacting gas with dust particles. The one-dimensional steepening of waves has been considered. A Bernoulli-type transport equation for the velocity gradient has been obtained. A numerical approach is used to explain the effects of van der Waals excluded volume of the medium, the ratio of specific heats, and the mass concentration of the solid particles on the shock wave.

COVID-19 is an ongoing public health emergency that has affected millions of people worldwide and is still a threat to many more. One of the pathophysiological features of COVID-19 is associated with the activation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) leading to the disruption of vascular integrity, coagulation and inflammation. An interlink mechanism between coagulation and inflammatory pathways has been reported in COVID-19. Multiple components are involved in these pathological pathways. Out of all, Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is one of the primary components of coagulation pathway and also a mediator of vascular inflammation that plays an important role in thrombo-inflammation that further leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The thrombo-inflammatory co-morbidities such as hyper-coagulation, thrombosis, ARDS etc. have become the major cause of mortality in the patients of COVID-19 admitted to the ICU. Thus, VWF can be explored as a potential target to manage COVID-19 associated co-morbidities. Supporting this hypothesis, there are literature reports which disclose previous attempts to target VWF for the management of thrombo-inflammation in other pathological conditions. The current report summarizes emerging insights into the pathophysiology, mechanism(s), diagnosis, management and foundations for research on this less explored clinically relevant glycoprotein as coagulation biomarker in COVID-19., Graphical abstract Image 1

In this paper, we have considered the van der Waals equation of state to study the one-dimensional spherically symmetric self-gravitating interstellar gas clouds. The transport equation for the acceleration waves is obtained. The evolution and propagation of the characteristic shock are considered to study its interaction with the acceleration wave. The amplitudes of the reflected and the transmitted waves are also determined. The effect of non-ideal parameter on the amplitude of the acceleration waves is discussed in detail.

The purpose of this study is to obtain the solution using the Lie group of symmetry method for the problem of propagating magnetogasdynamic strong cylindrical shock wave in a self-gravitating non-ideal gas with the magnetic field which is taken to be axial. Here, isothermal flow is considered. In the undisturbed medium, varying magnetic field and density are taken. Out of four different cases, only three cases yield the similarity solutions. Numerical computations have been performed for the cases of power-law and exponential law shock paths, to find out the behavior of flow variables in the flow-field immediately behind the shock. Similarity solutions are carried out by taking arbitrary constants in the expressions of infinitesimals of the Lie group of transformations. Also, the study of the present work provides a clear picture of whether and how the variations in the non-ideal parameter of the gas, Alfven-Mach number, adiabatic exponent, ambient magnetic field variation index and gravitational parameter affect the propagation of shock and the flow behind it. Software package “MATLAB” is used for all the computations.

The propagation of the blast wave in self-gravitating non-ideal gas under the influence of axial magnetic field is investigated. The magnetic pressure and density are considered to be varying according to the power law. The approximate analytical solutions are obtained by expanding the flow variables in the form of power series using Sakurai’s technique. The zeroth- and first-order approximate solutions of self-gravitating non-ideal gas with magnetic field are discussed in detail. Solutions for zeroth-order approximation are constructed in analytical form. The effect of the flow parameters, namely parameter of non-idealness, adiabatic exponent, ambient density variation exponent and gravitational parameter on the flow variables, is discussed in detail. The results obtained in this work are compared with the results obtained by Sakurai and Nath, which are in good agreement

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged as the deadliest outbreak that has now become a serious health issue to mankind. Activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokine storm are crucial factors that lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients. Excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines leads to the dysregulation of the innate immune system. The cytokine storm attracts many inflammatory cells that infiltrate into the lung tissues and ultimately cause immune damage. In addition to the dysregulation of the immune system, dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) due to the downregulation of ACE2 is also associated with the mortality of COVID-19 patients. Both the mechanisms are directly or indirectly associated with cytokine storm that promotes vascular hyperpermeability, vascular edema leading to hypercoagulation and hence multiorgan damage. As of now, there is no specific treatment available for COVID-19, but scientists have purposed several treatment options including cytokine inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, immunomodulators, plasma therapy, etc. In this article, we have provided the detailed mechanism of occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory storm and its connection with the pre-existing inflammatory conditions. Possible treatment options to cope up with the severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are also discussed., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an ongoing pandemic. • Various inflammatory pathways are activated in COVID-19. • Patients with pre-existing inflammatory conditions are more prone to infection. • Various strategies to counter these conditions have been discussed in detail.

In this paper, the method of invariance of Lie group is used to find the similarity solutions of the cylindrical shock waves for one-dimensional unsteady flow in magnetogasdynamics in the presence of monochromatic radiation. The density is assumed to be non-uniform ahead of the shock. The radiation flux is assumed to move through the gas. It is also shown that how the radiation parameter, ambient density exponent, ratio of specific heats (adiabatic constant) and the initial magnetic field strength affect the profiles of the flow variables. It is found that the shock wave decays in the presence of strong magnetic field and shows reverse behavior in the case of monochromatic radiation, i.e., the shock wave grows faster in the presence of radiation. To obtain the similarity solutions and the profiles of the flow variables, numerical calculations are performed using the software package MATHEMATICA.

The acceptance or rejection of any software depends on the quality of the software. Numerous factors have an impact on its quality. Functionality of the software is one of them which lead to significant impact on the software quality. To evaluate the functionality of any software system is a tedious job. It incurs the cost, takes efforts as well as time. This research paper proposes a fuzzy model to evaluate the functionality of the system. Fuzzy aspect handles the uncertainty and complex decision problems very well. An object oriented system has been chosen for experimental purpose in this research paper.