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Funding Information: We are grateful to Henri Godfrin, Ari Harju, Ville Havu, Andreas Huettel, Martti Puska, and Erkki Thuneberg for discussions, and Petri Tonteri from Densiq Ltd. (90620 Oulu, Finland) for providing us with the ultra-pure grafoil. We thank Miika Haataja for measuring the surface area of the grafoil sample and Qiang Zhang for participation in the optimization of the CNT process. Funding: This work was supported by Academy of Finland projects No. 314448 (BOLOSE), No. 312295 (CoE, Quantum Technology Finland), and No. 316572 (CNTstress). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement No 824109 (EMP), under ERC Grant No. 670743 (QuDeT), and in part by Marie-Curie training network project (OMT, No. 722923). J.-P.K. is grateful for the financial support from Vilho, Yrjö and Kalle Väisälä Foundation of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. This research project utilized the Aalto University OtaNano/LTL infrastructure. | openaire: EC/H2020/670743/EU//QuDeT | openaire: EC/H2020/824109/EU//EMP | openaire: EC/H2020/722923/EU//OMT Low dimensional fermionic quantum systems are exceptionally interesting because they reveal distinctive physical phenomena, including among others, topologically protected excitations, edge states, frustration, and fractionalization. Our aim was to confine 3He on a suspended carbon nanotube to form 2-dimensional Fermi-system. Here we report our measurements of the mechanical resonance of the nanotube with adsorbed sub-monolayer down to 10 mK. At intermediate coverages we have observed the famous 1/3 commensurate solid. However, at larger monolayer densities we have observed a quantum phase transition from 1/3 solid to an unknown, soft, and mobile solid phase. We interpret this mobile solid phase as a bosonic commensurate crystal consisting of helium dimers with topologically-induced zero-point vacancies which are delocalized at low temperatures. We thus demonstrate that 3He on a nanotube merges both fermionic and bosonic phenomena, with a quantum phase transition between fermionic solid 1/3 phase and the observed bosonic dimer solid.

Tiivistelmä. Tämän pro gradun aiheena on ilmalaivojen historian ja erityisesti ilmalaivojen käyttöfunktioiden ja ilmalaivoihin kytkeytyvien aatteiden tarkastelu. Tavoitteena tässä työssä on vastata tutkimuskysymyksiin eli siihen mitä käyttöfunktioita ilmalaivoilla on ollut ja mitä aatteita ilmalaivat ovat välittäneet. Lähteinä tässä pro gradussa on käytetty vanhoja ilmalaivavalokuvia, uusia aihetta käsitteleviä kirjoja sekä vanhaa aikalaismateriaalia valokuvakirjojen muodossa. Eräänä päälähteenä on hyödynnetty Max Pinuccin teosta Airships: Designed for Greatness vuodelta 2018 ja sen yksityiskohtaisia ilmalaivojen profiilipiirroksia on analysoitu erityisesti ilmalaivojen ulkoisia tunnuksia tarkastelevassa pro gradun luvussa. Menetelminä on hyödynnetty tässä työssä monipuolisen aineiston hankkimista kuten kyselyä suomalaiselle Kelluu Oy -ilmalaivafirmalle ja aineistoon tutustumista. Erityisesti on tehty visuaalisen aineiston sisällönanalyysia kuva-aineistoa läpi käyden ja arvioita on muodostettu sen perusteella. Aate- ja oppihistoria on antanut tulkinnallista viitekehystä työlle. Tuloksina on havaittu, että alkuun ilmalaivoissa vaikuttaa olleen vähän ulkoisia merkintöjä. Eräs päähuomio on lisäksi se, että 1930-luvun puolivälin jälkeen ilmalaivat Graf Zeppelin eli LZ 127 ja Hindenburg eli LZ 129 kantoivat näyttävästi hakaristejä perissään tuoden esiin natsipuoluetta, arjalaista rotua, nationalismia sekä kansakunnan nationalistista rakennusta ja ilmalaivat olivat kansallisen ylpeyden airueitakin. Uusissa ilmalaivoissa puolestaan vaikuttaa olevan näyttäviä tunnuksia mainostustarkoituksessa. Työssä todetaan ilmalaivojen käyttöfunktioiksi matkustajien kuljetus, käyttö rahdin kuljetusvälineenä, käyttö sotatoimissa ja käyttö tutkimuksessa sekä tutkimusretkissä. Myös nykykäytön piirteitä on analysoitu. Työssä todetaan lisäksi, että ilmalaivoilla on pyritty maailman herruuden esiintuontiin ja kansakunnan nationalistishenkiseen rakennukseen. Työssä luodaan katsausta ilmalaivojen nimiin, ilmalaivojen hyödynnykseen propagandatarkoituksessa ja ulkoisten tunnusten käyttöön aatteiden välittäjänä. Usein ilmalaivoihin on lisäksi liitetty militaristisia, nationalistisia ja patrioottisia tunnuksia. Monarkistiset tunnukset Britanniassa ja Neuvostoliitossa kommunistiset tunnukset ovat nekin olleet osa ilmalaivojen ulkoisten tunnusten historiaa.

Tiivistelmä. Datan elektronisessa välityksessä voi usein tapahtua virheitä johtuen tiedonvälitystavasta. Tutkielma käsittelee matemaattista lähestymistapaa näiden virheiden havaitsemiseen ja korjaamiseen vastaanottavan osapuolen päässä.

Tiivistelmä Lantionpohjan toimintahäiriöitä ovat lantion laskeumat, virtsaamiseen, ulostamiseen ja seksuaalitoimintoihin liittyvät rakenteelliset ja toiminnalliset häiriöt sekä kiputilat. Vaivat ovat yleisiä, mutta vaiettuja. Virtsaamisen ja ulostamisen ongelmista tulee aktiivisesti kysyä. Tutkimisessa ja hoidossa tulee huomioida kaikki lantionpohjan osa-alueet. Konservatiivinen hoito ja fysioterapia perusterveydenhuollossa ovat hoidon kulmakivi. Kirurgialla, botuliinitoksiini- ja sakraalineuromodulaatiohoidolla voidaan parantaa elämänlaatua. Summary One in three women experience at least one pelvic floor disorder (PFD). PFDs include pelvic organ prolapse, urinary and fecal incontinence, bladder and bowel storage and evacuation problems, as well as pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction. Although benign conditions, their symptoms can greatly impair the quality of life and body image and cause restrictive behaviour. Symptoms are underreported owing to embarrassment and social stigma; therefore, they should be actively sought. Patients usually present with a variety of co-existing PFDs. The pathophysiology is multifactorial and complex, often a combination of genetic, anatomic, physiological, environmental, reproductive and life-style factors accumulating during the life-span. The most important risk factors are female gender, vaginal delivery, age and obesity. The evaluation should cover all pelvic floor compartments. Validated questionnaires facilitate symptom screening. In referral centres, management of complex cases by multidisciplinary teams is beneficial. Pelvic floor imaging and functional tests (e.g. defecography) are used to detect those structural and functional abnormalities that are not easily recognized during clinical examination (e.g. rectal intussusception). The management addresses all affected compartments and follows a step-wise approach. A selection of conservative measures including lifestyle and dietary modifications, bladder and bowel training programmes, medication and pelvic floor muscle training form the cornerstone of treatment. Pelvic floor surgery aims to restore anatomy and function and improve quality of life. Surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence provides a high level of cure and patient satisfaction. However, recurrent pelvic organ prolapse remains a challenge for clinicians. Sacral neuromodulation and botulinum toxin injections are used to treat fecal incontinence and overactive bladder symptoms.

Aim: Our aim was to compare the long‐term anatomical outcomes between robot‐assisted ventral mesh rectopexy (RVMR) and laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR) for external or internal rectal prolapse. Method: This study is a follow‐up of a single‐centre randomized controlled trial (RCT). Thirty patients were randomly allocated to RVMR (n = 16) or LVMR (n = 14). The primary end‐point was maintenance of the restored pelvic anatomy 5 years after the operation, as assessed by magnetic resonance (MR) defaecography. Secondary outcome measures included the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) measures and functional results assessed using symptom questionnaires. Results: Twenty‐six patients (14 RVMR and 12 LVMR) completed the 5‐year follow‐up and were included in the study. The MRI results, POP‐Q measurements and symptom‐specific quality of life measures did not differ between the RVMR and LVMR groups. The MRI measurements of the total study population remained unchanged between 3 months and 5 years. In the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI‐20), the RVMR group had lower symptom scores (mean 96.0, SD 70.7) than the LVMR group (mean 160.6, SD 58.9; P = 0.004). In the subscales of pelvic organ prolapse (POPDI‐6) (mean 23.2, SD 24.3 vs mean 52.4, SD 22.4; P = 0.001) and the Colorectal–Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI‐8) (mean 38.4, SD 23.3 vs mean 58.6, SD 25.4; P = 0.009), the patients in the RVMR group had significantly better outcomes. Conclusions: After VMR, the corrected anatomy was preserved. There were no clinically significant differences in anatomical results between the RVMR and LVMR procedures 5 years after surgery based on MR defaecography. However, functional outcomes were better after RMVR.

Rectal prolapse and internal rectal prolapse with symptoms of obstructed defecation and/or faecal incontinence are debilitating conditions. Often, symptoms coexist from other pelvic compartments, reducing quality of life. Robot-assisted surgery with its advanced features may offer better conditions in narrow pelvic space to correct rectal prolapses with rectopexy operation. In this thesis, we compared robot-assisted and laparoscopic techniques during the early learning curve in a ‘matched-pairs’ feasibility study (n = 30, follow-up three months) and in a prospective randomized series (n = 33, follow-up 24 months). The long-term functional results were assessed in a retrospective multicenter study with cross-sectional questionnaire assessment (n = 508, median follow-up 44 months). In the randomised series, as demonstrated with MR defecography, ventral rectopexy corrects the posterior compartment defects, external and internal rectal prolapses and recto-enteroceles. The operation restores the posterior and middle compartment anatomy and reduces pelvic organ mobility with a minor impact on the anterior compartment. Pelvic floor dysfunction and symptom-specific quality of life is improved after rectopexy; specifically, the colorectal-anal and the pelvic organ prolapse subscales in the questionnaires showed improvement. We found equality between robot-assisted rectopexy and laparoscopic rectopexy in most relevant outcome measures, which does not justify the added cost of the routine use of robots in rectopexy operations. The health-related quality of life and cost-utility analysis in our cohort indicated, however, that in long-term the technique may be cost-effective. The functional results are retained in the long term. The rate of recurrences (7.1%) and complications (10%) are acceptable and mesh-related complications (1.4%) are rare. Denovo symptoms, such as the urge to defecate or urinary incontinence, may arise, while urinary symptoms may be alleviated. In the long-run, patients with external rectal prolapse benefit more than patients with internal rectal prolapse. In part, the results of this thesis support using a multidisciplinary approach in examining patients with posterior pelvic floor dysfunction. Furthermore, the indications for robotic use in rectopexy operations need to be explored in larger patient samples. Tiivistelmä Rektumprolapsi ja peräsuolen sisäinen tuppeuma eli interni prolapsi aiheuttavat hankalia oireita, kuten ulostusvaikeuksia, ulosteinkontinenssia ja lantion kipua. Elämänlaatua heikentäviä oireita esiintyy usein samanaikaisesti myös muissa lantion osissa. Robottiavusteinen kirurgia tarjoaa paremmat leikkausolosuhteet lantion ahtaassa tilassa tehtävään rektopeksialeikkaukseen ja mahdollisesti edut voivat näkyä leikkaustuloksessa. Tässä väitöskirjassa vertailimme robottiavusteista ja laparoskooppista leikkaustekniikkaa oppimiskäyrän alkuvaiheessa käyttökelpoisuustutkimuksessa kaltaistetussa parivertailuasetelmassa (n = 40, seuranta-aika 3 kk) sekä prospektiivisessa randomoidussa tutkimussarjassa (n = 33, seuranta-aika 24 kk). Monikeskustutkimuksessa (n = 508, seuranta-ajan mediaani 44 kk) selvitimme laajassa aineistossa laparoskooppisen ventraalisen rektopeksian pitkäaikaistuloksia liittämällä aineiston analyysiin poikkileikkauskyselytutkimuksen tulokset. Randomoidussa sarjassa MR-defekografialla todennettiin, että rektopeksialeikkauksen jälkeen peräsuolen sisäinen tuppeuma, rektoseele ja enteroseele korjaantuvat. Rektopeksialeikkaus palauttaa lantion taka- ja keskiosan anatomian, vähentää elinten dynaamista liikkuvuutta ja parantaa lantionpohjan toimintaa sekä oireisiin liittyvää elämänlaatua, erityisesti suolioireiden ja gynekologisten laskeumaoireiden osalta. Robottiavusteinen ja laparoskooppinen tekniikka olivat samanvertaisia perioperatiivisten parametrien, komplikaatioiden, anatomisten ja toiminnallisten tulosten suhteen. Vaikka kustannusvertailussa kalliimpi robottikirurgia voi osoittautua kustannustehokkaaksi pitkäaikaisseurannassa, yhdenvertaiset tulokset eivät oikeuta menetelmää rutiinikäyttöön. Retrospektiivisen tutkimuksen poikkileikkauskyselyn mukaan toiminnalliset tulokset säilyvät pitkäaikaisseurannassa, residiivien (7,1 %) ja komplikaatioiden (10 %) määrä on hyväksyttävä ja verkkoon liittyviä komplikaatioita esiintyy vähän (1,4 %). Leikkauksen jälkeen ilmenee myös uusia oireita, kuten ulostuspakkoa tai virtsankarkailua. Toisaalta virtsankarkailuoire voi korjaantuakin. Pitkäaikaisseurannassa totaalin rektumprolapsin vuoksi leikatut potilaat hyötyvät leikkauksesta enemmän kuin oireisen internin prolapsin vuoksi leikatut. Osa väitöskirjatyön tuloksista tukee moniammatillisen lähestymistavan käyttöä potilaiden arvioinnissa. Jatkossa robottikirurgian käytön indikaatioita rektopeksialeikkauksissa tulisi arvioida isommissa potilasaineistoissa.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess, whether robotic-assistance in ventral mesh rectopexy adds benefit to laparoscopy in terms of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cost-effectiveness and anatomical and functional outcome. Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted on patients who underwent robot-assisted ventral mesh rectopexy (RVMR) or laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR) for internal or external rectal prolapse at Oulu University Hospital, Finland, recruited in February–May 2012. The primary outcomes were health care costs from the hospital perspective and HRQoL measured by the 15D-instrument. Secondary outcomes included anatomical outcome assessed by pelvic organ prolapse quantification method and functional outcome by symptom questionnaires at 24 months follow-up. Results: There were 30 females (mean age 62.5 years, SD 11.2), 16 in the RVMR group and 14 in the LVMR group. The surgery-related costs of the RVMR were 1.5 times higher than the cost of the LVMR. At 3 months the changes in HRQoL were ‘much better’ (RVMR) and ‘slightly better’ (LVMR) but declined in both groups at 2 years (RVMR vs. LVMR, p > 0.05). The cost-effectiveness was poor at 2 years for both techniques, but if the outcomes were assumed to last for 5 years, it improved significantly. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the RVMR compared to LVMR was €39,982/quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at 2 years and improved to €16,707/QALYs at 5 years. Posterior wall anatomy was restored similarly in both groups. The subjective satisfaction rate was 87% in the RVMR group and 69% in the LVMR group (p = 0.83). Conclusions: Although more expensive than LVMR in the short term, RVMR is cost-effective in long-term. The minimally invasive VMR improves pelvic floor function, sexual function and restores posterior compartment anatomy. The effect on HRQoL is minor, with no differences between techniques.

Background: Information is needed on long-term functional results, sequelas, and outcome predictors for laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term function postventral rectopexy in patients with external rectal prolapse or internal rectal prolapse in a large cohort and to identify the possible effects of patient-related factors and operative technical details on patient-reported outcomes. Design: This was a retrospective review with a cross-sectional questionnaire study. Settings: Data were collated from prospectively collected registries in 2 university and 2 central hospitals in Finland. Patients: All 508 consecutive patients treated with ventral rectopexy for external rectal prolapse or symptomatic internal rectal prolapse in 2005 to 2013 were included. Interventions: A questionnaire concerning disease-related symptoms and effect on quality of life was used. Main outcome measures: Defecatory function measured by the Wexner score, the obstructive defecation score, and subjective symptom and quality-of-life evaluation using the visual analog scale were included. The effects of patient-related factors and operative technical details were assessed using multivariate analysis. Results: The questionnaire response rate was 70.7% (330/467 living patients) with a median follow-up time of 44 months. The mean Wexner scores were 7.0 (SD = 6.1) and 6.9 (SD = 5.6), and the mean obstructive defecation scores were 9.7 (SD = 7.6) and 12.3 (SD = 8.0) for patients presenting with external rectal prolapse and internal rectal prolapse. Subjective symptom relief was experienced by 76% and reported more often by patients with external rectal prolapse than with internal rectal prolapse (86% vs 68%; p < 0.001). Complications occurred in 11.4% of patients, and the recurrence rate for rectal prolapse was 7.1%. Limitations: This study was limited by its lack of preoperative functional data and suboptimal questionnaire response rate. Conclusions: Ventral mesh rectopexy effectively treats posterior pelvic floor dysfunction with a low complication rate and an acceptable recurrence rate. Patients with external rectal prolapse benefit more from the operation than those with symptomatic internal rectal prolapse. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A479.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver is associated with obesity-related metabolic disturbances, but little is known about the metabolic perturbations preceding fatty liver disease. We performed comprehensive metabolic profiling to assess how circulating metabolites, such as lipoprotein lipids, fatty acids, amino acids, and glycolysis-related metabolites, reflect the presence of and future risk for fatty liver in young adults. Sixty-eight lipids and metabolites were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in the population-based Young Finns Study from serum collected in 2001 (n = 1,575), 2007 (n = 1,509), and 2011 (n = 2,002). Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasound in 2011 when participants were aged 34–49 years (19% prevalence). Cross-sectional associations as well as 4-year and 10-year risks for fatty liver were assessed by logistic regression. Metabolites across multiple pathways were strongly associated with the presence of fatty liver (P < 0.0007 for 60 measures in age-adjusted and sex-adjusted cross-sectional analyses). The strongest direct associations were observed for extremely large very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (odds ratio [OR] 5 4.86 per 1 standard deviation, 95% confidence interval 3.48–6.78), other very-low-density lipoprotein measures, and branched-chain amino acids (e.g., leucine OR = 2.94, 2.51–3.44). Strong inverse associations were observed for high-density lipoprotein measures, e.g., high-density lipoprotein size (OR = 0.36, 0.30–0.42) and several fatty acids including omega-6 (OR = 0.37, 0.32–0.42). The metabolic associations were attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for waist, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking (P < 0.0007). Similar aberrations in the metabolic profile were observed already 10 years before fatty liver diagnosis. Conclusion: Circulating lipids, fatty acids, and amino acids reflect fatty liver independently of routine metabolic risk factors; these metabolic aberrations appear to precede the development of fatty liver in young adults.

Tässä työssä toteutetaan korkeatehoinen asymmetrinen Doherty-vahvistin. Doherty-vahvistimen täytyy toimia 2110– 2170 MHz taajuusalueella ja kyetä vahvistamaan LTE (Long Term Evolution)-signaalia täyttäen 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) spesifikaation asettamat vaateet. Työssä keskitytään erityisesti hyötysuhteen ja 3 dB:n kompressiotehon optimoimiseen muita vahvistimen parametreja oleellisesti heikentämättä. Vahvistimen toteutukseen käytettiin Keysightin ADS-simulointiohjelmaa ja transistorivalmistajan ADS-komponenttimallia. Doherty-vahvistin rakennettiin askel askeleelta toimintapisteiden valinnasta lopulliseen rakenteeseen. Simulointivaihe sisältää DC-simuloinnit, main- ja peak-vahvistimien tulon- ja lähdönsovitukset, Doherty-vahvistimen lähdön tehonsummauksen sekä tulon tehon jaon ja vaiheistuksen. Lopuksi vahvistin siirrettiin prototyyppilevylle ja sen suorituskyky mitattiin CW (Continuous Wave)- ja LTE-signaalilla. Vahvistimen linearisoitavuutta tutkittiin myös esisärötyksellä. Simuloitu vahvistin ja valmistettu levy eivät vastanneet suorituskyvyltään toisiaan täysin. Simulaatioilla onnistuttiin kuitenkin tuottamaan ensimmäinen prototyyppilevy, joka oli suorituskyvyltään tarpeeksi lähellä toimivaa kokonaisuutta. Simulaatiopenkin avulla prototyyppilevyä viritettiin kohti toimivaa rakennetta ja lopputuloksena onnistuttiin toteuttamaan prototyyppilevyllä toimiva vaatimukset täyttävä vahvistin. In this thesis, high power asymmetric Doherty amplifier was designed. Doherty amplifier operates 2110–2170 MHz band and is able to amplify LTE (Long Term Evolution) signal fulfilling 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) specifications. Focus is especially on the efficiency and 3 dB compression power while maintaining other requirements of the amplifier. Amplifier is designed using Keysight’s ADS simulation tool and transistor vendor’s ADS component model. Doherty amplifier will be constructed step by step from setting the operating points of the device to the final amplifier. Simulation phase includes DC simulations, main and peak amplifier input and output matchings, Doherty amplifier input power division and Doherty amplifier output combining network. After simulation phase, Doherty amplifier is implemented on prototype board and its performance is measured with CW (Continuous Wave) and LTE signals. Linearity of the amplifier is also studied with predistorter. Simulated and implemented amplifiers weren’t fully matching each other in performance. However, the simulator enabled the production of the first prototype board which performance was close enough to final design. Prototype board was then tuned towards working design with the aid of simulator. As a result specification fulfilling amplifier was created.

BACKGROUND: -High-throughput profiling of circulating metabolites may improve cardiovascular risk prediction over established risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: -We applied quantitative NMR metabolomics to identify biomarkers for incident cardiovascular disease during long-term follow-up. Biomarker discovery was conducted in the FINRISK study (n=7256; 800 events). Replication and incremental risk prediction was assessed in the SABRE study (n=2622; 573 events) and British Women's Health and Heart Study (n=3563; 368 events). In targeted analyses of 68 lipids and metabolites, 33 measures were associated with incident cardiovascular events at P

Background Virgin olive oils are richer in phenolic content than refined olive oil. Small, randomized, crossover, controlled trials on the antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds from real-life daily doses of olive oil in humans have yielded conflicting results. Little information is available on the effect of the phenolic compounds of olive oil on plasma lipid levels. No international study with a large sample size has been done. Objective To evaluate whether the phenolic content of olive oil further benefits plasma lipid levels and lipid oxidative damage compared with monounsaturated acid content. Design Randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Setting 6 research centers from 5 European countries. Participants 200 healthy male volunteers. Measurements Glucose levels, plasma lipid levels, oxidative damage to lipid levels, and endogenous and exogenous antioxidants at baseline and before and after each intervention. Intervention In a crossover study, participants were randomly assigned to 3 sequences of daily administration of 25 mL of 3 olive oils. Olive oils had low (2.7 mg/kg of olive oil), medium (164 mg/kg), or high (366 mg/kg) phenolic content but were otherwise similar. Intervention periods were 3 weeks preceded by 2-week washout periods. Results A linear increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels was observed for low-, medium-, and high-polyphenol olive oil: mean change, 0.025 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.003 to 0.05 mmol/L), 0.032 mmol/L (CI, 0.005 to 0.05 mmol/L), and 0.045 mmol/L (CI, 0.02 to 0.06 mmol/L), respectively. Total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol ratio decreased linearly with the phenolic content of the olive oil. Triglyceride levels decreased by an average of 0.05 mmol/L for all olive oils. Oxidative stress markers decreased linearly with increasing phenolic content. Mean changes for oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels were 1.21 U/L (CI, -0.8 to 3.6 U/L), -1.48 U/L (-3.6 to 0.6 U/L), and -3.21 U/L (-5.1 to -0.8 U/L) for the low-, medium-, and high-polyphenol olive oil, respectively. Limitations The olive oil may have interacted with other dietary components, participants' dietary intake was self-reported, and the intervention periods were short. Conclusions Olive oil is more than a monounsaturated fat. Its phenolic content can also provide benefits for plasma lipid levels and oxidative damage. International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial number: ISRCTN09220811.