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Amino phosphonic acids are good heavy metal extractants for liquid–liquid extraction, but this method requires the use of an organic solvent, which is itself a pollutant. The incorporation of these acids in solid supports gave us the opportunity to find a solution to this problem. The synthesis of the new material by incorporation of Amino-Cyclo-Hexyl Phosphonic Acid into the interlayer space of the Ni/Al-LDH, designated as Ni/Al-ACHPA, was carried out by the coprecipitation method and anion exchange. The new hybrid material was characterised by FTIR, XRD and BET. The results obtained show that ACHPA is well intercalated in LDH. The adsorption performance of the new hybrid material towards the ions of Cerium Ce+3, has been investigated under different parameters. Under optimal conditions, where the highest recovery (75%) was obtained at pH 6 using 0.1 g of adsorbent (Ni/Al-ACHPA) for less than 30 min of agitation. The modelling results of the kinetics indicate that the Ce+3 adsorption process mechanism is well fitted by a pseudo-second order equation with a high regression coefficient (R2 = 99%) and the adsorption isotherms were fitting well with the Freundlich isotherm model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seen the important utility of Graphene Oxide (OG) in various fields; This prestigious material has been synthesized by following the hummer method modified by recycling graphite rods from electrical storage devices and characterized by different characterization methods such as: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to be able to see the structure and morphology of the synthesized material. The study of the elimination of mercuric ions (Hg2+) by OG was verified by a parametric, a thermodynamic and a kinetic study. The results showed that this adsorption is exothermic, spontaneous with an order between the adsorbent and the adsorbate and that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir model with pseudosecond-order kinetics. The best yield in this study was 75 % under the optimal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BMAP calculator is a simplified software tool to obtain microstructure characteristics and to investigate their isotropic and anisotropic nature using some common broadening methods. The Scherrer and Stokes-Wilson methods as well as the Williamson-Hall plot (microstructure isotropy) and modified Williamson-Hall models (strain anisotropy) are implemented in the calculations. The BMAP input data are the X-ray diffraction peak parameters (the full width at half-maximum or integral breadth and peak position) of a measured line profile and of a reference one. The components of the measured line profile or corrected broadening are based on several approximations (Cauchy, Gauss or Voigt). The linear least-squares fit is used to calculate the size-strain values, and the correlation coefficient for accepting the results. The calculator is applied to an X-ray diffraction experiment of NiO nanoparticles prepared by a sol-gel method for testing. The results of BMAP calculator and the MAUD program, combined with an anisotropic Popa rules approach, are compared. The uniform stress model based on the Cauchy approximation is the most suitable one in cubic nanostructure nickel oxide, with an average crystallite size of 24 nm and anisotropic strains of 1.54 × 10−3, 0.61 × 10−3, 1.77 × 10−3 and 1.49 × 10−3 using the {111}, {200}, {220} and {311} reflections, respectively. Generally, for non-Rietveld users, it is useful to collect different methods into one program to depict the anisotropic nature of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles of NiO were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method with an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate hexahydrate and citric acid. The microstructure and surface morphology of NiO powder were characterized by thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Different thicknesses of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were deposited onto highly cleaned glass substrates by the electron beam technique. Their structural characteristics were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scan electron microscope (SEM). The XRD investigation shows that NiO films are polycrystalline with an cubic type structure. The microstructure parameters, e.g., crystallite size and microstrain were calculated. The optical constants (n, k) and film thicknesses of NiO thin films were obtained by fitting the ellipsometric parameters (ψ and Δ) data using three layer model systems in the wavelength range 300-1100 nm. It is found that the refractive index, n increases with the increase of the film thickness. The possible optical transition in these films is found to be allowed direct transitions. The direct energy gaps increase with increasing of the film thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite cadmium oxides-zinc oxides, (CdO)x(ZnO)1-x, thin films are grown with variable composition, x, by non-conventional spray pyrolysis technique from two separate cavities. X-ray diffraction proves the formation of cadmium and zinc peroxides upon deposition. Further annealing in air causes a loss of crystallographic order in zinc oxide grains. Annealing does not affect the structure of cadmium peroxide. The optical constants are estimated by the Murmann exact equation from transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength range between 400 and 2400 nm and show normal dispersion. Highest luminescent yield is assigned for samples with composition x = 0:5. Annealing causes increase in luminescence yield of (CdO)x(ZnO)1-x films that could be explained in the framework of structural change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical properties of lead oxide samples prepared using thermal evaporation technique on unheated glass substrates with different film thicknesses have been studied. The structural characteristics of a lead oxide sample was investigated using X-ray diffraction and it is confirmed to be in the amorphous state. The optical properties of the prepared films were studied by transmittance and reflectance measurements, and the integrated transmittance (TUV, TVIS and TSol) in ultraviolet, visible and solar regions was calculated and found to be affected by film thickness. The dependence of absorption coeficient on wavelength was also reported. The energy gap was calculated and has been observed around 3.7 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous and crystalline vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films were grown onto heated glass substrates using spray pyrolysis technique. Aqueous solution of ammonium meta-vanadat with different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5M was used. X-ray diffraction study of c-V2O5 revealed polycrystalline films of orthorhombic structure with a preferred orientation (001). Voigt analysis of single reflection was used to determine crystallite size and microstrain. The refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k have been computed from the corrected transmittance and reflectance over the spectral range 300 to 2500 nm. Analysis of the absorption coefficient versus photon energy revealed allowed direct transitions with energy gap 2.34eV. The electrochromic behaviour has been investigated using three-electrode cell. Upon sodium insertion, the results showed that the changes in the optical absorption are consistent with the colour changes of the film. On applying the voltage the optical absorption in the wavelength range 500 - 900 nm increases and the absorption edge shifts towards lower energies. The film colouration showed to be stable over several tens of hours claiming high colouration memory. Due to its limited optical modulation, V2O5 films may be useful as a passive counter electrode in conjunction with an active working electrode in complementary electrochromic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The carcinomas of the basis of the tongue are rare diseases and represent only less than 20% of the cancers of the tongue and only 2% at the woman. If the smoking and the alcohol are the most known risk factors, there are others as chronic affections of the mouth and presence of tooth filling there. Method: Forbidden in Norway since January, 2008, recognized toxic by the FDA, the tooth filling, a material used in dentistry for more than 150 years consists of mercury, silver, copper and tin; every tooth filling containing approximately one gram of mercury. Result: We report an observation of a patient S.S 49-year-old, to the histories of herpetiq dermatitis with an oral cavity rich in mixtures (12) followed to the department of medical oncology since July 2011 for a carcinoma of the basis of the tongue classified T2N2M0. Handled by a chemotherapy of typical induction (cisplatine docetaxel capécitabine) then an external radiotherapy 35 sessions in IMRT with a concomitant chemotherapy allowing a clinical and radiological complete answer. Conclusion: If the literature reports only a low rate of cancer of the tongue at the woman (less than 2%), it remains to explore and generate this kind of cancer and search what it the real link with the mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a new synthesis method of reflection filters with multilayer and waveguide structures. The filter is characterized by bandwidth as small as ≤ 1 nm for effective use in wavelength-division-multiplexed optical communications. Both the transfer-matrix method and the Fourier transformation are employed to determine the filter reflection from a spatially varying refractive index. In contrary to Bragg reflectors that utilize periodic index variations, the present synthesis model employs aperiodic variation around an averaged index. The calculations show that the reflectivity spectrum for 25 pairs of periodic GaAs-AlGaAs quarter-wavelength Bragg stacks is a single band with broad plateau (≥ 100 nm) surrounded by high lobes (> 80%). We show that these side-lobes are suppressed to less than 40% when the same number of layers is used but with an aperiodic varying thickness. Moreover, by exceeding the filter length to 2 mm, we achieved reflectors with 99% reflectivity, bandwidth of ≤ 1 nm and low side-lobes (<-13dB). Similar characteristics are attained using a GaAs/AlGaAs waveguide with a corrugated structure on the upper interface of the core. The corrugated profile of the core-thickness is obtained for an asymmetric waveguide. We also demonstrate accomplishment of two-band reflectors for use as minus (transmission) filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the methanolic extract of Opuntia ficus indica L. in small animal (rats and mice model). The current treatment for febrile conditions often involves the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can have adverse effects, particularly gastrointestinal ulcers. Therefore, there is a growing need to explore natural alternatives with fewer side effects. The study utilized various experimental models to assess the effects of the extract. The results demonstrated a significant analgesic effect of the extract, as evidenced by a reduction in pain induced by acetic acid and hot plate tests. Additionally, the extract exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, as indicated by a decrease in carrageenan-induced paw edema and dextran-induced inflammation. To gain insights into the chemical composition of the extract, HPLC analysis was conducted. The analysis successfully identified and quantified 20 compounds, including luteolin, galangin, catechin, thymol, methylated quercetin, quercetin, rutin, acacetin, hesperidin, apigenin, kaempferol, pinocembrin, chrysin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ascorbic acid, ferulic acid, m-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid.The findings suggest that Opuntia ficus indica L. extract holds promise as an effective and reasonably priced natural remedy for pain and inflammation in rats and mice model. The comprehensive chemical composition analysis provided valuable insights into the presence of various bioactive compounds, which may contribute to the observed therapeutic effects. Further research and exploration of the extract's mechanisms of action are warranted to fully understand its potential in small animal healthcare.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between physiochemical parameters, microorganisms, wastewater and climate in Stabilization Pond Performance. This study performed as a post-treatment after the secondary wastewater treatment using extended aeration in Rashid city, Egypt. The model of the extended aeration as secondary wastewater treatment was developed based on the combination with lagoon after the secondary sedimentation basin. The Climatic functions have an important impact on the mechanism of ponds as it actuates vertical mixing of the pond contents. The interaction between bacteria, algae and other organisms are the main idea of oxidation pond treatment beside the relationship between the climatic functions, physiochemical parameters and microorganisms biomass. The removal of biodegradable organic loads specially nitrogen and phosphorous are perfectly happens in oxidation maturation ponds which reflects a higher treatment efficiency of the sewage by 98%-99% of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and heavy metals. The study included some recommendations aiming at improving both water quality and its recycling in plants irrigation., (© 2020 The Authors.)

A short route toward aromatic cassane diterpenes from labdane terpenoids has been developed. In the key step, the aromatic ring with the oxygenated function at C-12 and the characteristic carbon group at C-14 of the target compounds is elaborated via a Diels-Alder/aromatization sequence of a furanosesquiterpene and methyl propiolate. On this basis, the synthesis of the proposed structure of benthaminin 1 from trans-communic acid has been achieved. The physical properties of the synthetic compound are somewhat different from those reported for the natural product.