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The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based modulation scheme is widely utilized in asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL), wireless local area networks (WLAN), and the...

In this study, we introduce an electroformed long-period fiber grating (ELPFG) with a periodic circle shaped polymer–metal (SU-8 photoresist and nickel) structure fabricated by the lithography process and electroforming process. The optical properties of the ELPFG were investigated with the thermal cycle test. Subsequent temperature sensor experiments showed that the ELPFG exhibited high temperature sensitivity from 26 to 100 °C (heating stage) and then reduced to room temperature (cooling stage). Temperature calibration results showed that the sensitivity of the ELPFG sensor is 0.238 dB/°C and that an average linearity (R 2) of 0.982 was reached. Therefore, the ELPFG temperature sensor has superior sensitivity and stability.

The trauma caused by pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary carcinoma of vater is often severe and extensive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of extended local resection in the treatment of periampullary carcinoma of vater.The extra-hepaticobiliary tract, the confluence of the pancreatic and biliary duct, vater ampulla and duodenal papilla were resected en bloc in 8 patients with periampullary carcinoma from 1995 to 1998.One patient died perioperatively. Duodenal obstruction developed postoperatively in one of 7 survived patients and was relieved after reoperation. All the 7 patients were followed up for more than 6 months without recurrence.Extended local resection fulfils the task of radical treatment of periampullary malignancy.