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1. Impact of COVID-19 on mortality in coastal Kenya: a longitudinal open cohort study

Author

Otiende, M., Nyaguara, A., Bottomley, C., Walumbe, D., Mochamah, G., Amadi, D., Nyundo, C., Kagucia, E. W., Etyang, A. O., Adetifa, I. M. O., Brand, S. P. C., Maitha, E., Chondo, E., Nzomo, E., Aman, R., Mwangangi, M., Amoth, P., Kasera, K., Ng’ang’a, W., Barasa, E., Tsofa, B., Mwangangi, J., Bejon, P., Agweyu, A., Williams, T. N., and Scott, J. A. G.

Published
2023
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3. Sustained impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in Kenya, 2011-2022

Author

Kagucia, E Wangeci, primary, Nyamwaya, Brian, additional, Ongayo, Gerald, additional, Kaniu, Mary, additional, Sang, Samuel, additional, Lucinde, Ruth K, additional, Karani, Angela, additional, Akech, Donald, additional, Odiwuor, Fredrick, additional, Mataza, Christine, additional, Tabu, Collins, additional, Mturi, Neema, additional, Ndaa, Siti, additional, Mulunda, Caroline, additional, Etyang, Timothy, additional, Aliyan, Nadia, additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Voller, Shirine, additional, Bottomley, Christian, additional, Hammitt, Laura, additional, Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O, additional, and Scott, Anthony, additional

Published
2024
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4. Prospective Clinical Surveillance for Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in Kenyan Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Lucinde, Ruth Khadembu, primary, Gathuri, Henry, additional, Isaaka, Lynda, additional, Ogero, Morris, additional, Mumelo, Livingstone, additional, Kimego, Dennis, additional, Mbevi, George, additional, Wanyama, Conrad W, additional, Otieno, Edwin Onyango, additional, Mwakio, Stella, additional, Saisi, Metrine, additional, Isinde, ELizabeth, additional, Oginga, Irene Njeri, additional, Wachira, Alvin, additional, Manuthu, Evans, additional, Kariuki, Hazel, additional, Nyikuli, Jared, additional, Wekesa, Cyprian, additional, Otedo, Amos, additional, Bosire, Hannah, additional, Okoth, Steve Biko, additional, Ongalo, Winston, additional, Mukabi, David, additional, Lusamba, Wilber, additional, Muthui, Beatrice, additional, Adembesa, Isaac, additional, Mithi, Caroline W, additional, Sood, Mohammed, additional, Aliyan, Nadia, additional, Gituma, Bernard, additional, Giabe, Matiko, additional, Omondi, Charles, additional, Aman, Rashid, additional, Amoth, Patrick, additional, Kasera, Kadondi, additional, Were, Fred, additional, Nganga, Wangari, additional, Berkley, James A, additional, Tsofa, Benjamin A, additional, Mwangangi, Joseph, additional, Bejon, Phillip, additional, Barasa, Edwine, additional, English, Mike, additional, Scott, J Anthony G, additional, Akech, Samuel, additional, Kagucia, E Wangeci, additional, Agweyu, Ambrose, additional, and Etyang, Anthony O, additional

Published
2024
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6. Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study

Author

O'Brien, Katherine L., Baggett, Henry C., Brooks, W. Abdullah, Feikin, Daniel R., Hammitt, Laura L., Higdon, Melissa M., Howie, Stephen R.C., Deloria Knoll, Maria, Kotloff, Karen L., Levine, Orin S., Madhi, Shabir A., Murdoch, David R., Prosperi, Christine, Scott, J. Anthony G., Shi, Qiyuan, Thea, Donald M., Wu, Zhenke, Zeger, Scott L., Adrian, Peter V., Akarasewi, Pasakorn, Anderson, Trevor P., Antonio, Martin, Awori, Juliet O., Baillie, Vicky L., Bunthi, Charatdao, Chipeta, James, Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer, Crawley, Jane, DeLuca, Andrea N., Driscoll, Amanda J., Ebruke, Bernard E., Endtz, Hubert P., Fancourt, Nicholas, Fu, Wei, Goswami, Doli, Groome, Michelle J., Haddix, Meredith, Hossain, Lokman, Jahan, Yasmin, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, Kamau, Alice, Karron, Ruth A., Kazungu, Sidi, Kourouma, Nana, Kuwanda, Locadiah, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Li, Mengying, Machuka, Eunice M., Mackenzie, Grant, Mahomed, Nasreen, Maloney, Susan A., McLellan, Jessica L., Mitchell, Joanne L., Moore, David P., Morpeth, Susan C., Mudau, Azwifarwi, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Mwansa, James, Silaba Ominde, Micah, Onwuchekwa, Uma, Park, Daniel E., Rhodes, Julia, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Seidenberg, Phil, Shamsul, Arifin, Simões, Eric A.F., Sissoko, Seydou, Wa Somwe, Somwe, Sow, Samba O., Sylla, Mamadou, Tamboura, Boubou, Tapia, Milagritos D., Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Toure, Aliou, Watson, Nora L., Zaman, Khalequ, and Zaman, Syed M.A.

Published
2019
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7. Safety of Induced Sputum Collection in Children Hospitalized With Severe or Very Severe Pneumonia

Author

PERCH Study Group, Deluca, Andrea N., Hammitt, Laura L., Kim, Julia, Higdon, Melissa M., Baggett, Henry C., Brooks, W. Abdullah, Howie, Stephen R. C., Knoll, Maria Deloria, Kotloff, Karen L., Levine, Orin S., Madhi, Shabir A., Murdoch, David R., Scott, J. Anthony G., Thea, Donald M., Amornintapichet, Tussanee, Awori, Juliet O., Chuananon, Somchai, Driscoll, Amanda J., Ebruke, Bernard E., Hossian, Lokman, Jahan, Yasmin, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, Kazungu, Sidi, Moore, David P., Mudau, Azwifarwi, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Park, Daniel E., Prosperi, Christine, Seidenberg, Phil, Sylla, Mamadou, Tapia, Milagritos D., Zaman, Syed M. A., and O'Brien, Katherine L.

Published
2017

8. Symptom prevalence and secondary attack rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 in rural Kenyan households: A prospective cohort study

Author

Gallagher, Katherine E., primary, Nyiro, Joyce, additional, Agoti, Charles N., additional, Maitha, Eric, additional, Nyagwange, James, additional, Karani, Angela, additional, Bottomley, Christian, additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Githinji, George, additional, Mutunga, Martin, additional, Ochola‐Oyier, Lynette Isabella, additional, Kombe, Ivy, additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, additional, Warimwe, George, additional, Agweyu, Ambrose, additional, Tsofa, Benjamin, additional, Bejon, Philip, additional, Scott, J. Anthony G., additional, and Nokes, David James, additional

Published
2023
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9. SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence and implications for population immunity: Evidence from two Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in Kenya, February–December 2022

Author

Kagucia, E. Wangeci, primary, Ziraba, Abdhala K., additional, Nyagwange, James, additional, Kutima, Bernadette, additional, Kimani, Makobu, additional, Akech, Donald, additional, Ng'oda, Maurine, additional, Sigilai, Antipa, additional, Mugo, Daisy, additional, Karanja, Henry, additional, Gitonga, John, additional, Karani, Angela, additional, Toroitich, Monica, additional, Karia, Boniface, additional, Otiende, Mark, additional, Njeri, Anne, additional, Aman, Rashid, additional, Amoth, Patrick, additional, Mwangangi, Mercy, additional, Kasera, Kadondi, additional, Ng'ang'a, Wangari, additional, Voller, Shirine, additional, Ochola‐Oyier, Lynette I., additional, Bottomley, Christian, additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Munywoki, Patrick K., additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Maitha, Eric, additional, Uyoga, Sophie, additional, Gallagher, Katherine E., additional, Etyang, Anthony O., additional, Barasa, Edwine, additional, Mwangangi, Joseph, additional, Bejon, Philip, additional, Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O., additional, Warimwe, George M., additional, Scott, J. Anthony G., additional, and Agweyu, Ambrose, additional

Published
2023
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11. The need for COVID-19 research in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Gupta, Madhu, Wahl, Brian, Adhikari, Binita, Bar-Zeev, Naor, Bhandari, Sudip, Coria, Alexandra, Erchick, Daniel J., Gupta, Nidhi, Hariyani, Shreya, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, Killewo, Japhet, Limaye, Rupali Jayant, McCollum, Eric D., Pandey, Raghukul, Pomat, William S., Rao, Krishna D., Santosham, Mathuram, Sauer, Molly, Wanyenze, Rhoda K., and Peters, David H.

Published
2020
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12. Learning from serosurveillance for SARS-CoV-2 to inform pandemic preparedness and response

Author

Müller, Sophie A, primary, Agweyu, Ambrose, additional, Akanbi, Olusola A, additional, Alex-Wele, Mary A, additional, Alinon, Kokou N, additional, Arora, Rahul K, additional, Balam, Saidou, additional, Barekye, Bernard, additional, Ben Hamida, Amen, additional, Bergeri, Isabel, additional, Boddington, Nicki, additional, Böff, Lena, additional, Boone, Idesbald, additional, Conradie, Andelé, additional, Demirchyan, Anahit, additional, Dudareva, Sandra, additional, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, additional, Evans, Megan, additional, Farley, Elise, additional, Hunger, Iris, additional, Jones, Jefferson M, additional, Kagucia, E Wangeci, additional, Kimani, Makobu, additional, Lewis, Hannah C, additional, Mazuguni, Festo, additional, Mwakasungula, Solomon, additional, Mwenda, Jason M, additional, Nesterova, Olena, additional, Nepolo, Emmanuel, additional, Nghitukwa, Natasha, additional, Nyagwange, James, additional, Offergeld, Ruth, additional, Okwor, Tochi J, additional, Reichert, Felix, additional, Sahakyan, Serine, additional, Shaikh, Sabah, additional, Sikuvi, Kaveto A, additional, Weiss, Sabrina, additional, Whelan, Mairead, additional, Winter, Christian H, additional, Ziraba, Abdhalah K, additional, and Hanefeld, Johanna, additional

Published
2023
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13. Pertussis-Associated Pneumonia in Infants and Children From Low- and Middle-Income Countries Participating in the PERCH Study

Author

Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study Group, Barger-Kamate, Breanna, Knoll, Maria Deloria, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, Prosperi, Christine, Baggett, Henry C., Brooks, W. Abdullah, Feikin, Daniel R., Hammitt, Laura L., Howie, Stephen R. C., Levine, Orin S., Madhi, Shabir A., Scott, J. Anthony G., Thea, Donald M., Amornintapichet, Tussanee, Anderson, Trevor P., Awori, Juliet O., Baillie, Vicky L., Chipeta, James, DeLuca, Andrea N., Driscoll, Amanda J., Goswami, Doli, Higdon, Melissa M., Hossain, Lokman, Karron, Ruth A., Maloney, Susan, Moore, David P., Morpeth, Susan C., Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Ofordile, Ogochukwu, Olutunde, Emmanuel, Park, Daniel E., Sow, Samba O., Tapia, Milagritos D., Murdoch, David R., O'Brien, Katherine L., and Kotloff, Karen L.

Published
2016

14. Symptom prevalence and Secondary Attack Rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Rural Kenyan Households: a prospective cohort study

Author

Gallagher, Katherine, primary, Nyiro, Joyce, additional, Agoti, Charles, additional, Nyagwange, James, additional, Karani, Angela, additional, Bottomley, Christian, additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Githinji, George, additional, Mutunga, Martin, additional, Ochola-Oyier, Lynette, additional, Kombe, Ivy, additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Kagucia, E Wangeci, additional, Warimwe, George, additional, Agweyu, Ambrose, additional, Tsofa, Benjamin, additional, Bejon, Philip, additional, Scott, J, additional, and Nokes, David, additional

Published
2023
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16. Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in three Kenyan referral hospitals: Repeated cross-sectional surveys 2020-21

Author

Lucinde, RK, Mugo, D, Bottomley, C, Karani, A, Gardiner, E, Aziza, R, Gitonga, JN, Karanja, H, Nyagwange, J, Tuju, J, Wanjiku, P, Nzomo, E, Kamuri, E, Thuranira, K, Agunda, S, Nyutu, G, Etyang, AO, Adetifa, IMO, Kagucia, E, Uyoga, S, Otiende, M, Otieno, E, Ndwiga, L, Agoti, CN, Aman, RA, Mwangangi, M, Amoth, P, Kasera, K, Nyaguara, A, Ng'ang'a, W, Ochola, LB, Namdala, E, Gaunya, O, Okuku, R, Barasa, E, Bejon, P, Tsofa, B, Ochola-Oyier, LI, Warimwe, GM, Agweyu, A, Scott, JAG, and Gallagher, KE

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Prenatal Care, Antibodies, Viral, Kenya, Hospitals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Immunoglobulin G, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Humans, Female, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Referral and Consultation
Abstract

Introduction The high proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections that have remained undetected presents a challenge to tracking the progress of the pandemic and estimating the extent of population immunity. Methods We used residual blood samples from women attending antenatal care services at three hospitals in Kenya between August 2020 and October 2021and a validated IgG ELISA for SARS-Cov-2 spike protein and adjusted the results for assay sensitivity and specificity. We fitted a two-component mixture model as an alternative to the threshold analysis to estimate of the proportion of individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We estimated seroprevalence in 2,981 women; 706 in Nairobi, 567 in Busia and 1,708 in Kilifi. By October 2021, 13% of participants were vaccinated (at least one dose) in Nairobi, 2% in Busia. Adjusted seroprevalence rose in all sites; from 50% (95%CI 42–58) in August 2020, to 85% (95%CI 78–92) in October 2021 in Nairobi; from 31% (95%CI 25–37) in May 2021 to 71% (95%CI 64–77) in October 2021 in Busia; and from 1% (95% CI 0–3) in September 2020 to 63% (95% CI 56–69) in October 2021 in Kilifi. Mixture modelling, suggests adjusted cross-sectional prevalence estimates are underestimates; seroprevalence in October 2021 could be 74% in Busia and 72% in Kilifi. Conclusions There has been substantial, unobserved transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Nairobi, Busia and Kilifi Counties. Due to the length of time since the beginning of the pandemic, repeated cross-sectional surveys are now difficult to interpret without the use of models to account for antibody waning.

Published
2022

17. Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in three Kenyan referral hospitals: repeated cross-sectional surveys 2020-21

Author

Lucinde, R., primary, Mugo, D., additional, Bottomley, C., additional, Karani, A., additional, Gardiner, E., additional, Aziza, R, additional, Gitonga, J., additional, Karanja, H., additional, Nyagwange, J., additional, Tuju, J., additional, Wanjiku, P., additional, Nzomo, E., additional, Kamuri, E., additional, Thuranira, K., additional, Agunda, S., additional, Nyutu, G., additional, Etyang, A., additional, Adetifa, I. M. O., additional, Kagucia, E., additional, Uyoga, S., additional, Otiende, M., additional, Otieno, E., additional, Ndwiga, L., additional, Agoti, C. N., additional, Aman, R. A., additional, Mwangangi, M., additional, Amoth, P., additional, Kasera, K., additional, Nyaguara, A., additional, Ng’ang’a, W., additional, Ochola, L. B., additional, Namdala, E., additional, Gaunya, O, additional, Okuku, R, additional, Barasa, E., additional, Bejon, P., additional, Tsofa, B., additional, Ochola-Oyier, L. I., additional, Warimwe, G. M., additional, Agweyu, A., additional, Scott, J. A. G., additional, and Gallagher, K. E., additional

Published
2022
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18. Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immunoglobulin G Antibody Seroprevalence Among Truck Drivers and Assistants in Kenya

Author

Kagucia, E Wangeci, Gitonga, John N, Kalu, Catherine, Ochomo, Eric, Ochieng, Benard, Kuya, Nickline, Karani, Angela, Nyagwange, James, Karia, Boniface, Mugo, Daisy, Karanja, Henry K, Tuju, James, Mutiso, Agnes, Maroko, Hosea, Okubi, Lucy, Maitha, Eric, Ajuck, Hossan, Mukabi, David, Moracha, Wycliffe, Bulimu, David, Andanje, Nelson, Aman, Rashid, Mwangangi, Mercy, Amoth, Patrick, Kasera, Kadondi, Ng'ang'a, Wangari, Nyaguara, Amek, Voller, Shirine, Otiende, Mark, Bottomley, Christian, Agoti, Charles N, Ochola-Oyier, Lynette I, Adetifa, Ifedayo MO, Etyang, Anthony O, Gallagher, Katherine E, Uyoga, Sophie, Barasa, Edwine, Bejon, Philip, Tsofa, Benjamin, Agweyu, Ambrose, Warimwe, George M, Scott, J Anthony G, and Magarini Sub-County TDA SARS-CoV-2 Serosurveillance Team, The Bu

Subjects
viruses, virus diseases, human activities
Abstract

In October 2020, anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G seroprevalence among truck drivers and their assistants (TDA) in Kenya was 42.3%, higher than among healthcare workers and blood donors. Truck drivers and their assistants transport essential supplies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, placing them at increased risk of being infected and of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 over a wide geographical area.

Published
2021

19. Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Healthcare Workers in Kenya

Author

Etyang, Anthony O, primary, Lucinde, Ruth, additional, Karanja, Henry, additional, Kalu, Catherine, additional, Mugo, Daisy, additional, Nyagwange, James, additional, Gitonga, John, additional, Tuju, James, additional, Wanjiku, Perpetual, additional, Karani, Angela, additional, Mutua, Shadrack, additional, Maroko, Hosea, additional, Nzomo, Eddy, additional, Maitha, Eric, additional, Kamuri, Evanson, additional, Kaugiria, Thuranira, additional, Weru, Justus, additional, Ochola, Lucy B, additional, Kilimo, Nelson, additional, Charo, Sande, additional, Emukule, Namdala, additional, Moracha, Wycliffe, additional, Mukabi, David, additional, Okuku, Rosemary, additional, Ogutu, Monicah, additional, Angujo, Barrack, additional, Otiende, Mark, additional, Bottomley, Christian, additional, Otieno, Edward, additional, Ndwiga, Leonard, additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Voller, Shirine, additional, Agoti, Charles N, additional, Nokes, David James, additional, Ochola-Oyier, Lynette Isabella, additional, Aman, Rashid, additional, Amoth, Patrick, additional, Mwangangi, Mercy, additional, Kasera, Kadondi, additional, Ng’ang’a, Wangari, additional, Adetifa, Ifedayo M O, additional, Wangeci Kagucia, E, additional, Gallagher, Katherine, additional, Uyoga, Sophie, additional, Tsofa, Benjamin, additional, Barasa, Edwine, additional, Bejon, Philip, additional, Scott, J Anthony G, additional, Agweyu, Ambrose, additional, and Warimwe, George M, additional

Published
2021
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20. Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among Health Care Workers in Kenya

Author

Etyang, Anthony O., primary, Lucinde, Ruth, additional, Karanja, Henry, additional, Kalu, Catherine, additional, Mugo, Daisy, additional, Nyagwange, James, additional, Gitonga, John, additional, Tuju, James, additional, Wanjiku, Perpetual, additional, Karani, Angela, additional, Mutua, Shadrack, additional, Maroko, Hosea, additional, Nzomo, Eddy, additional, Maitha, Eric, additional, Kamuri, Evanson, additional, Kaugiria, Thuranira, additional, Weru, Justus, additional, Ochola, Lucy B., additional, Kilimo, Nelson, additional, Charo, Sande, additional, Emukule, Namdala, additional, Moracha, Wycliffe, additional, Mukabi, David, additional, Okuku, Rosemary, additional, Ogutu, Monicah, additional, Angujo, Barrack, additional, Otiende, Mark, additional, Bottomley, Christian, additional, Otieno, Edward, additional, Ndwiga, Leonard, additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Voller, Shirine, additional, Agoti, Charles, additional, Nokes, David James, additional, Ochola-Oyier, Lynette Isabella, additional, Aman, Rashid, additional, Amoth, Patrick, additional, Mwangangi, Mercy, additional, Kasera, Kadondi, additional, Ng’ang’a, Wangari, additional, Adetifa, Ifedayo, additional, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, additional, Gallagher, Katherine, additional, Uyoga, Sophie, additional, Tsofa, Benjamin, additional, Barasa, Edwine, additional, Bejon, Philip, additional, Scott, J. Anthony G., additional, Agweyu, Ambrose, additional, and Warimwe, George, additional

Published
2021
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21. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among truck drivers and assistants in Kenya

Author

Kagucia, E Wangeci, primary, Gitonga, John N, additional, Kalu, Catherine, additional, Ochomo, Eric, additional, Ochieng, Benard, additional, Kuya, Nickline, additional, Karani, Angela, additional, Nyagwange, James, additional, Karia, Boniface, additional, Mugo, Daisy, additional, Karanja, Henry K, additional, Tuju, James, additional, Mutiso, Agnes, additional, Maroko, Hosea, additional, Okubi, Lucy, additional, Maitha, Eric, additional, Ajuck, Hossan, additional, Bogita, Mary, additional, Mudindi, Richmond, additional, Mukabi, David, additional, Moracha, Wycliffe, additional, Bulimu, David, additional, Andanje, Nelson, additional, Shiraku, Evans, additional, Okuku, Rosemary, additional, Ogutu, Monicah, additional, Aman, Rashid, additional, Mwangangi, Mercy, additional, Amoth, Patrick, additional, Kasera, Kadondi, additional, Ng’ang’a, Wangari, additional, Mariga, Rodgers, additional, Munabi, Tobias, additional, Ramadhan, Susan M, additional, Mwikali, Janet, additional, Nasike, Rose, additional, Andera, Cornelius, additional, Nechesa, Roselyne, additional, Kiplagat, Benson K, additional, Omengo, Julius, additional, Oteba, Simon, additional, Mwangi, Arthur, additional, Mkanyi, Dorcas, additional, Karisa, George, additional, Migosi, Judith K, additional, Msili, Patrick, additional, Mwambire, Samson, additional, Boniface, Anthony M, additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Voller, Shirine, additional, Otiende, Mark, additional, Bottomley, Christian, additional, Agoti, Charles N, additional, Ochola-Oyier, Lynette I, additional, Adetifa, Ifedayo M O, additional, Etyang, Anthony O, additional, Gallagher, Katherine E, additional, Uyoga, Sophie, additional, Barasa, Edwine, additional, Bejon, Philip, additional, Tsofa, Benjamin, additional, Agweyu, Ambrose, additional, Warimwe, George M, additional, and Scott, J Anthony G, additional

Published
2021
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22. Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in two Kenyan referral hospitals

Author

Lucinde, R., primary, Mugo, D., additional, Bottomley, C., additional, Aziza, R, additional, Gitonga, J., additional, Karanja, H., additional, Nyagwange, J., additional, Tuju, J., additional, Wanjiku, P., additional, Nzomo, E., additional, Kamuri, E., additional, Thuranira, K., additional, Agunda, S., additional, Nyutu, G., additional, Etyang, A., additional, Adetifa, I. M. O., additional, Kagucia, E., additional, Uyoga, S., additional, Otiende, M., additional, Otieno, E., additional, Ndwiga, L., additional, Agoti, C. N., additional, Aman, R., additional, Mwangangi, M., additional, Amoth, P., additional, Kasera, K., additional, Nyaguara, A., additional, Ng’ang’a, W., additional, Ochola, L. B., additional, Barasa, E., additional, Bejon, P., additional, Tsofa, B., additional, Ochola-Oyier, L. I., additional, Warimwe, G. M., additional, Agweyu, A., additional, Scott, J. A. G., additional, and Gallagher, K. E., additional

Published
2021
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24. Adjustments for oral fluid quality and collection methods improve prediction of circulating tetanus antitoxin: Approaches for correcting antibody concentrations detected in a non-invasive specimen

Author

Garrison-Desany, Henri, primary, Ochieng, Benard Omondi, additional, Odiere, Maurice R., additional, Kuo, Helen, additional, Gibson, Dustin G., additional, Were, Joyce, additional, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, additional, Pasetti, Marcela F., additional, Kim, Hani, additional, Reymann, Mardi, additional, O'Brien, Katherine, additional, and Hayford, Kyla, additional

Published
2021
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25. Density of Upper Respiratory Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae and Its Role in the Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia Among Children Aged <5 Years in the PERCH Study

Author

Baggett, Henry C, Watson, Nora L, Deloria Knoll, Maria, Brooks, W Abdullah, Feikin, Daniel R, Hammitt, Laura L, Howie, Stephen R C, Kotloff, Karen L, Levine, Orin S, Madhi, Shabir A, Murdoch, David R, Scott, J Anthony G, Thea, Donald M, Antonio, Martin, Awori, Juliet O, Baillie, Vicky L, DeLuca, Andrea N, Driscoll, Amanda J, Duncan, Julie, Ebruke, Bernard E, Goswami, Doli, Higdon, Melissa M, Karron, Ruth A, Moore, David P, Morpeth, Susan C, Mulindwa, Justin M, Park, Daniel E, Paveenkittiporn, Wantana, Piralam, Barameht, Prosperi, Christine, Sow, Samba O, Tapia, Milagritos D, Zaman, Khalequ, Zeger, Scott L, O’Brien, Katherine L, O, K L, L, O S, K, M D, F, D R, D, A N, D, A J, Fancourt, Nicholas, Fu, Wei, H, L L, H, M M, Wangeci Kagucia, E, K, R A, Li, Mengying, P, D E, P, C, Wu, Zhenke, Z, S L, W, N L, Crawley, Jane, M, D R, B, W A, Endtz, Hubert P, Z, K, G, D, Hossain, Lokman, Jahan, Yasmin, Ashraf, Hasan, C H, S R, E, B E, A, M, McLellan, Jessica, Machuka, Eunice, Shamsul, Arifin, Zaman, Syed M A, Mackenzie, Grant, G S, J A, A, J O, M, S C, Kamau, Alice, Kazungu, Sidi, Ominde, Micah Silaba, K, K L, T, M D, S, S O, Sylla, Mamadou, Tamboura, Boubou, Onwuchekwa, Uma, Kourouma, Nana, Toure, Aliou, M, S A, M, D P, Adrian, Peter V, B, V L, Kuwanda, Locadiah, Mudau, Azwifarwi, Groome, Michelle J, Mahomed, Nasreen, B, H C, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Maloney, Susan A, Bunthi, Charatdao, Rhodes, Julia, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Akarasewi, Pasakorn, T, D M, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Chipeta, James, Seidenberg, Phil, Mwansa, James, wa Somwe, Somwe, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Anderson, Trevor P, and Mitchell, Joanne

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Zambia, medicine.disease_cause, Mali, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, South Africa, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, Colonization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory Tract Infections, Bacteriological Techniques, Bangladesh, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, Case-control study, Child Health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal, medicine.disease, Thailand, Kenya, Bacterial Load, 3. Good health, Surgery, respiratory tract diseases, Pneumonia, Infectious Diseases, Specimen collection, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Pneumococcal pneumonia, Etiology, Female, Gambia, Supplement Article, business, Child, Hospitalized
Abstract

Previous studies suggested an association between upper airway pneumococcal colonization density and pneumococcal pneumonia, but data in children are limited. Using data from the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study, we assessed this potential association.PERCH is a case-control study in 7 countries: Bangladesh, The Gambia, Kenya, Mali, South Africa, Thailand, and Zambia. Cases were children aged 1-59 months hospitalized with World Health Organization-defined severe or very severe pneumonia. Controls were randomly selected from the community. Microbiologically confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia (MCPP) was confirmed by detection of pneumococcus in a relevant normally sterile body fluid. Colonization density was calculated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal specimens.Median colonization density among 56 cases with MCPP (MCPP cases; 17.28 × 106 copies/mL) exceeded that of cases without MCPP (non-MCPP cases; 0.75 × 106) and controls (0.60 × 106) (each P.001). The optimal density for discriminating MCPP cases from controls using the Youden index was6.9 log10 copies/mL; overall, the sensitivity was 64% and the specificity 92%, with variable performance by site. The threshold was lower (≥4.4 log10 copies/mL) when MCPP cases were distinguished from controls who received antibiotics before specimen collection. Among the 4035 non-MCPP cases, 500 (12%) had pneumococcal colonization density6.9 log10 copies/mL; above this cutoff was associated with alveolar consolidation at chest radiography, very severe pneumonia, oxygen saturation92%, C-reactive protein ≥40 mg/L, and lack of antibiotic pretreatment (all P.001).Pneumococcal colonization density6.9 log10 copies/mL was strongly associated with MCPP and could be used to improve estimates of pneumococcal pneumonia prevalence in childhood pneumonia studies. Our findings do not support its use for individual diagnosis in a clinical setting.

Published
2017
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26. Is higher viral load in the upper respiratory tract associated with severe pneumonia? Findings from the PERCH study

Author

Feikin, Daniel R., Fu, Wei, Park, Daniel E., Shi, Qiyuan, Higdon, Melissa M., Baggett, Henry C., Brooks, W. Abdullah, Deloria Knoll, Maria, Hammitt, Laura L., Howie, Stephen R. C., Kotloff, Karen L., Levine, Orin S., Madhi, Shabir A., Scott, J. Anthony G., Thea, Donald M., Adrian, Peter V., Antonio, Martin, Awori, Juliet O., Baillie, Vicky L., DeLuca, Andrea N., Driscoll, Amanda J., Ebruke, Bernard E., Goswami, Doli, Karron, Ruth A., Li, Mengying, Morpeth, Susan C., Mwaba, John, Mwansa, James, Prosperi, Christine, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Sow, Samba O., Tapia, Milagritos D., Whistler, Toni, Zaman, Khalequ, Zeger, Scott L., O’ Brien, Katherine L., Murdoch, David R., O’Brien, Katherine L., Knoll, Maria Deloria, Fancourt, Nicholas, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, Wu, Zhenke, Watson, Nora L., Crawley, Jane, Endtz, Hubert P., Hossain, Lokman, Jahan, Yasmin, Ashraf, Hasan, McLellan, Jessica, Machuka, Eunice, Shamsul, Arifin, Zaman, Syed M.A., Mackenzie, Grant, Kamau, Alice, Kazungu, Sidi, Ominde, Micah Silaba, Sylla, Mamadou, Tamboura, Boubou, Onwuchekwa, Uma, Kourouma, Nana, Toure, Aliou, Moore, David P., Kuwanda, Locadiah, Mudau, Azwifarwi, Groome, Michelle J., Mahomed, Nasreen, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Maloney, Susan A., Bunthi, Charatdao, Rhodes, Julia, Akarasewi, Pasakorn, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Chipeta, James, Seidenberg, Phil, wa Somwe, Somwe, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Anderson, Trevor P., and Mitchell, Joanne

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Internationality, viruses, Pneumonia, Viral, 030106 microbiology, Oropharynx, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, World Health Organization, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Community-acquired pneumonia, viral density, Nasopharynx, medicine, pneumonia, PERCH, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory Tract Infections, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, RSV, Infant, Gold standard (test), Viral Load, medicine.disease, Virology, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses, Pneumonia, Logistic Models, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, ROC Curve, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Viral pneumonia, Viruses, Immunology, Etiology, Supplement Article, Female, business, Viral load, Respiratory tract
Abstract

Background. The etiologic inference of identifying a pathogen in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of children with pneumonia is unclear. To determine if viral load could provide evidence of causality of pneumonia, we compared viral load in the URT of children with World Health Organization–defined severe and very severe pneumonia and age-matched community controls. Methods. In the 9 developing country sites, nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs from children with and without pneumonia were tested using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for 17 viruses. The association of viral load with case status was evaluated using logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine optimal discriminatory viral load cutoffs. Viral load density distributions were plotted. Results. The mean viral load was higher in cases than controls for 7 viruses. However, there was substantial overlap in viral load distribution of cases and controls for all viruses. ROC curves to determine the optimal viral load cutoff produced an area under the curve of

Published
2018

28. Limited utility of polymerase chain reaction in induced sputum specimens for determining the causes of childhood pneumonia in resource-poor settings: findings from the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study

Author

Thea, Donald M., Seidenberg, Phil, Park, Daniel E., Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Fu, Wei, Shi, Qiyuan, Baggett, Henry C., Brooks, W. Abdullah, Feikin, Daniel R., Howie, Stephen R.C., Knoll, Maria Deloria, Kotloff, Karen L., Levine, Orin S., Madhi, Shabir A., O’Brien, Katherine L., Scott, J. Anthony G., Antonio, Martin, Awori, Juliet O., Baillie, Vicky L., DeLuca, Andrea N., Driscoll, Amanda J., Higdon, Melissa M., Hossain, Lokman, Jahan, Yasmin, Karron, Ruth A., Kazungu, Sidi, Li, Mengying, Moore, David P., Morpeth, Susan C., Ofordile, Ogochukwu, Prosperi, Christine, Sangwichian, Ornuma, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Sylla, Mamadou, Tapia, Milagritos D., Zeger, Scott L., Murdoch, David R., Hammitt, Laura L., O., K. L., L., O. S., K., M. D., F., D. R., D., A. N., D., A. J., Fancourt, Nicholas, F., W., H., L. L., H., M. M., Wangeci Kagucia, E., K., R. A., L., M., P., D. E., P., C., Wu, Zhenke, Z., S. L., Watson, Nora L., Crawley, Jane, M., D. R., W. A., B., Endtz, Hubert P., Khalequ, Zaman, Goswami, Doli, H., L., J., Y., Ashraf, Hasan, H., S. R. C., Ebruke, Bernard E., A., M., McLellan, Jessica, Machuka, Eunice, Shamsul, Arifin, Zaman, Syed M. A., Mackenzie, Grant, S., J. A. G., A., J. O., M., S. C., Kamau, Alice, K., S., Ominde, Micah Silaba, K., K. L., T., M. D., Sow, Samba O., S., M., Tamboura, Boubou, Onwuchekwa, Uma, Kourouma, Nana, Toure, Aliou, M., S. A., M., D. P., Adrian, Peter V., B., V. L., Kuwanda, Locadiah, Mudau, Azwifarwi, Groome, Michelle J., Mahomed, Nasreen, B., H. C., Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Maloney, Susan A., Bunthi, Charatdao, Rhodes, Julia, S., P., Akarasewi, Pasakorn, T., D. M., M., L., Chipeta, James, Mwansa, James, wa Somwe, Somwe, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Anderson, Trevor P., and Mitchell, Joanne

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, Respiratory System, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Community-acquired pneumonia, law, Nasopharynx, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Lung, Polymerase chain reaction, community-acquired pneumonia, Child Health, nasopharyngeal swab, Community-Acquired Infections, PCR, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Child, Preschool, Viruses, Health Resources, Female, Supplement Article, medicine.symptom, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumonia, Viral, 030106 microbiology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, Pneumonia, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, Bacteria, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Sputum, Infant, Cytomegalovirus, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, induced sputum, Etiology, pneumonia etiology, business, Child, Hospitalized
Abstract

Summary Among children with chest radiograph–confirmed pneumonia, polymerase chain reaction demonstrated relatively few additional pathogens in induced sputum specimens compared with nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal specimens., Background. Sputum examination can be useful in diagnosing the cause of pneumonia in adults but is less well established in children. We sought to assess the diagnostic utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of respiratory viruses and bacteria in induced sputum (IS) specimens from children hospitalized with severe or very severe pneumonia. Methods. Among children aged 1–59 months, we compared organism detection by multiplex PCR in IS and nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) specimens. To assess whether organism presence or density in IS specimens was associated with chest radiographic evidence of pneumonia (radiographic pneumonia), we compared prevalence and density in IS specimens from children with radiographic pneumonia and children with suspected pneumonia but without chest radiographic changes or clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of pneumonia (nonpneumonia group). Results. Among 4232 cases with World Health Organization–defined severe or very severe pneumonia, we identified 1935 (45.7%) with radiographic pneumonia and 573 (13.5%) with nonpneumonia. The organism detection yield was marginally improved with IS specimens (96.2% vs 92.4% for NP/OP specimens for all viruses combined [P = .41]; 96.9% vs 93.3% for all bacteria combined [P = .01]). After accounting for presence in NP/OP specimens, no organism was detected more frequently in the IS specimens from the radiographic pneumonia compared with the nonpneumonia cases. Among high-quality IS specimens, there were no statistically significant differences in organism density, except with cytomegalovirus, for which there was a higher quantity in the IS specimens from cases with radiographic pneumonia compared with the nonpneumonia cases (median cycle threshold value, 27.9 vs 28.5, respectively; P = .01). Conclusions. Using advanced molecular methods with IS specimens provided little additional diagnostic information beyond that obtained with NP/OP swab specimens.

Published
2017

30. Safety of Induced Sputum Collection in Children Hospitalized With Severe or Very Severe Pneumonia

Author

DeLuca, Andrea N, Hammitt, Laura L, Kim, Julia, Higdon, Melissa M, Baggett, Henry C, Brooks, W Abdullah, Howie, Stephen RC, Deloria Knoll, Maria, Kotloff, Karen L, Levine, Orin S, Madhi, Shabir A, Murdoch, David R, Scott, J Anthony G, Thea, Donald M, Amornintapichet, Tussanee, Awori, Juliet O, Chuananon, Somchai, Driscoll, Amanda J, Ebruke, Bernard E, Hossain, Lokman, Jahan, Yasmin, Kagucia, E Wangeci, Kazungu, Sidi, Moore, David P, Mudau, Azwifarwi, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Park, Daniel E, Prosperi, Christine, Seidenberg, Phil, Sylla, Mamadou, Tapia, Milagritos D, Zaman, Syed MA, O'Brien, Katherine L, and PERCH Study Group

Abstract

BACKGROUND.: Induced sputum (IS) may provide diagnostic information about the etiology of pneumonia. The safety of this procedure across a heterogeneous population with severe pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries has not been described. METHODS.: IS specimens were obtained as part a 7-country study of the etiology of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children

Published
2017

31. Pertussis-Associated Pneumonia in Infants and Children From Low- and Middle-Income Countries Participating in the PERCH Study

Author

Barger-Kamate, Breanna, primary, Deloria Knoll, Maria, additional, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, additional, Prosperi, Christine, additional, Baggett, Henry C., additional, Brooks, W. Abdullah, additional, Feikin, Daniel R., additional, Hammitt, Laura L., additional, Howie, Stephen R. C., additional, Levine, Orin S., additional, Madhi, Shabir A., additional, Scott, J. Anthony G., additional, Thea, Donald M., additional, Amornintapichet, Tussanee, additional, Anderson, Trevor P., additional, Awori, Juliet O., additional, Baillie, Vicky L., additional, Chipeta, James, additional, DeLuca, Andrea N., additional, Driscoll, Amanda J., additional, Goswami, Doli, additional, Higdon, Melissa M., additional, Hossain, Lokman, additional, Karron, Ruth A., additional, Maloney, Susan, additional, Moore, David P., additional, Morpeth, Susan C., additional, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, additional, Ofordile, Ogochukwu, additional, Olutunde, Emmanuel, additional, Park, Daniel E., additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Tapia, Milagritos D., additional, Murdoch, David R., additional, O'Brien, Katherine L., additional, and Kotloff, Karen L., additional

Published
2016
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32. The Mobile Solutions for Immunization (M-SIMU) Trial: A Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial That Assesses the Impact of Mobile Phone Delivered Reminders and Travel Subsidies to Improve Childhood Immunization Coverage Rates and Timeliness in Western Kenya

Author

Gibson, Dustin G, primary, Kagucia, E. Wangeci, additional, Ochieng, Benard, additional, Hariharan, Nisha, additional, Obor, David, additional, Moulton, Lawrence H, additional, Winch, Peter J, additional, Levine, Orin S, additional, Odhiambo, Frank, additional, O'Brien, Katherine L, additional, and Feikin, Daniel R, additional

Published
2016
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34. Mortality associated with third-generation cephalosporin resistance in Enterobacterales bloodstream infections at eight sub-Saharan African hospitals (MBIRA): a prospective cohort study.

Author

Aiken AM, Rehman AM, de Kraker MEA, Madrid L, Kebede M, Labi AK, Obeng-Nkrumah N, Nyamwaya B, Kagucia E, Cocker D, Kawaza K, Lester R, Iregbu KC, Medugu N, Nwajiobi-Princewill PI, Dramowski A, Sonda T, Hemed A, Fwoloshi S, Ojok D, Scott JAG, and Whitelaw A

Subjects
Infant, Newborn, Humans, Prospective Studies, Cephalosporin Resistance, Cohort Studies, Hospital Mortality, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Escherichia coli, Hospitals, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Cephalosporins therapeutic use, Sepsis drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Bacteria of the order Enterobacterales are common pathogens causing bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa and are frequently resistant to third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics. Although third-generation cephalosporin resistance is believed to lead to adverse outcomes, this relationship is difficult to quantify and has rarely been studied in this region. We aimed to measure the effects associated with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in hospitalised patients with Enterobacterales bloodstream infection in Africa., Methods: We conducted a prospective, matched, parallel cohort study at eight hospitals across sub-Saharan Africa. We recruited consecutive patients of all age groups with laboratory-confirmed Enterobacterales bloodstream infection and matched them to at least one patient without bloodstream infection on the basis of age group, hospital ward, and admission date. Date of infection onset (and enrolment) was defined as the day of blood sample collection for culturing. Patients infected with bacteria with a cefotaxime minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 mg/L or lower were included in the third-generation cephalosporin-susceptible (3GC-S) cohort, and the remainder were included in the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) cohort. The primary outcomes were in-hospital death and death within 30 days of enrolment. We used adjusted multivariable regression models to first compare patients with bloodstream infection against matched patients within the 3GC-S and 3GC-R cohorts, then compared estimates between cohorts., Findings: Between Nov 1, 2020, and Jan 31, 2022, we recruited 878 patients with Enterobacterales bloodstream infection (221 [25·2%] to the 3GC-S cohort and 657 [74·8%] to the 3GC-R cohort) and 1634 matched patients (420 [25·7%] and 1214 [74·3%], respectively). 502 (57·2%) bloodstream infections occurred in neonates and infants (age 0-364 days). Klebsiella pneumoniae (393 [44·8%] infections) and Escherichia coli (224 [25·5%] infections) were the most common Enterobacterales species identified. The proportion of patients who died in hospital was higher in patients with bloodstream infection than in matched controls in the 3GC-S cohort (62 [28·1%] of 221 vs 22 [5·2%] of 420; cause-specific hazard ratio 6·79 [95% CI 4·06-11·37] from Cox model) and the 3GC-R cohort (244 [37·1%] of 657 vs 115 [9·5%] of 1214; 5·01 [3·96-6·32]). The ratio of these cause-specific hazard ratios showed no significant difference in risk of in-hospital death in the 3GC-R cohort versus the 3GC-S cohort (0·74 [0·42-1·30]). The ratio of relative risk of death within 30 days (0·82 [95% CI 0·53-1·27]) also indicated no difference between the cohorts., Interpretation: Patients with bloodstream infections with Enterobacterales bacteria either resistant or susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins had increased mortality compared with uninfected matched patients, with no differential effect related to third-generation cephalosporin-resistance status. However, this finding does not account for time to appropriate antibiotic treatment, which remains clinically important to optimise. Measures to prevent transmission of Enterobacterales could reduce bloodstream infection-associated mortality from both drug-resistant and drug-susceptible bacterial strains in Africa., Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests JAGS declares research grants (paid to their institution) from the Wellcome Trust; UK Medical Research Council; UK National Institute for Health and Care Research; UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; and the EU. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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35. Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Healthcare Workers in Kenya.

Author

Etyang AO, Lucinde R, Karanja H, Kalu C, Mugo D, Nyagwange J, Gitonga J, Tuju J, Wanjiku P, Karani A, Mutua S, Maroko H, Nzomo E, Maitha E, Kamuri E, Kaugiria T, Weru J, Ochola LB, Kilimo N, Charo S, Emukule N, Moracha W, Mukabi D, Okuku R, Ogutu M, Angujo B, Otiende M, Bottomley C, Otieno E, Ndwiga L, Nyaguara A, Voller S, Agoti CN, Nokes DJ, Ochola-Oyier LI, Aman R, Amoth P, Mwangangi M, Kasera K, Ng'ang'a W, Adetifa IMO, Wangeci Kagucia E, Gallagher K, Uyoga S, Tsofa B, Barasa E, Bejon P, Scott JAG, Agweyu A, and Warimwe GM

Subjects
Antibodies, Viral, Bayes Theorem, Health Personnel, Humans, Kenya epidemiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Background: Few studies have assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Africa. We report findings from a survey among HCWs in 3 counties in Kenya., Methods: We recruited 684 HCWs from Kilifi (rural), Busia (rural), and Nairobi (urban) counties. The serosurvey was conducted between 30 July and 4 December 2020. We tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Assay sensitivity and specificity were 92.7 (95% CI, 87.9-96.1) and 99.0% (95% CI, 98.1-99.5), respectively. We adjusted prevalence estimates, using bayesian modeling to account for assay performance., Results: The crude overall seroprevalence was 19.7% (135 of 684). After adjustment for assay performance, seroprevalence was 20.8% (95% credible interval, 17.5%-24.4%). Seroprevalence varied significantly (P < .001) by site: 43.8% (95% credible interval, 35.8%-52.2%) in Nairobi, 12.6% (8.8%-17.1%) in Busia and 11.5% (7.2%-17.6%) in Kilifi. In a multivariable model controlling for age, sex, and site, professional cadre was not associated with differences in seroprevalence., Conclusion: These initial data demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs in Kenya. There was significant variation in seroprevalence by region, but not by cadre., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Published
2022
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36. Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immunoglobulin G Antibody Seroprevalence Among Truck Drivers and Assistants in Kenya.

Author

Kagucia EW, Gitonga JN, Kalu C, Ochomo E, Ochieng B, Kuya N, Karani A, Nyagwange J, Karia B, Mugo D, Karanja HK, Tuju J, Mutiso A, Maroko H, Okubi L, Maitha E, Ajuck H, Mukabi D, Moracha W, Bulimu D, Andanje N, Aman R, Mwangangi M, Amoth P, Kasera K, Ng'ang'a W, Nyaguara A, Voller S, Otiende M, Bottomley C, Agoti CN, Ochola-Oyier LI, Adetifa IMO, Etyang AO, Gallagher KE, Uyoga S, Barasa E, Bejon P, Tsofa B, Agweyu A, Warimwe GM, and Scott JAG

Abstract

In October 2020, anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G seroprevalence among truck drivers and their assistants (TDA) in Kenya was 42.3%, higher than among healthcare workers and blood donors. Truck drivers and their assistants transport essential supplies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, placing them at increased risk of being infected and of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 over a wide geographical area., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Published
2021
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37. Safety of Induced Sputum Collection in Children Hospitalized With Severe or Very Severe Pneumonia.

Author

DeLuca AN, Hammitt LL, Kim J, Higdon MM, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, Howie SRC, Deloria Knoll M, Kotloff KL, Levine OS, Madhi SA, Murdoch DR, Scott JAG, Thea DM, Amornintapichet T, Awori JO, Chuananon S, Driscoll AJ, Ebruke BE, Hossain L, Jahan Y, Kagucia EW, Kazungu S, Moore DP, Mudau A, Mwananyanda L, Park DE, Prosperi C, Seidenberg P, Sylla M, Tapia MD, Zaman SMA, and O'Brien KL

Subjects
Bacteria isolation & purification, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Oxygen, Poverty, Specimen Handling methods, Pneumonia diagnosis, Pneumonia etiology, Specimen Handling adverse effects, Sputum
Abstract

Background.: Induced sputum (IS) may provide diagnostic information about the etiology of pneumonia. The safety of this procedure across a heterogeneous population with severe pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries has not been described., Methods.: IS specimens were obtained as part a 7-country study of the etiology of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children <5 years of age. Rigorous clinical monitoring was done before, during, and after the procedure to record oxygen requirement, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, consciousness level, and other evidence of clinical deterioration. Criteria for IS contraindications were predefined and serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported to ethics committees and a central safety monitor., Results.: A total of 4653 IS procedures were done among 3802 children. Thirteen SAEs were reported in relation to collection of IS, or 0.34% of children with at least 1 IS specimen collected (95% confidence interval, 0.15%-0.53%). A drop in oxygen saturation that required supplemental oxygen was the most common SAE. One child died after feeding was reinitiated 2 hours after undergoing sputum induction; this death was categorized as "possibly related" to the procedure., Conclusions.: The overall frequency of SAEs was very low, and the nature of most SAEs was manageable, demonstrating a low-risk safety profile for IS collection even among severely ill children in low-income-country settings. Healthcare providers should monitor oxygen saturation and requirements during and after IS collection, and assess patients prior to reinitiating feeding after the IS procedure, to ensure patient safety., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Published
2017
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