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We demonstrate room-temperature ¹³C hyperpolarization by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using optically polarized triplet electron spins in two polycrystalline systems: pentacene-doped [carboxyl-¹³C] benzoic acid and microdiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers. For both samples, the integrated solid effect (ISE) is used to polarize the ¹³C spin system in magnetic fields of 350–400 mT. In the benzoic acid sample, the ¹³C spin polarization is enhanced by up to 0.12 % through direct electron-to-¹³C polarization transfer without performing dynamic ¹H polarization followed by ¹H−¹³C cross-polarization. In addition, the ISE has been successfully applied to polarize naturally abundant ¹³C spins in a microdiamond sample to 0.01 %. To characterize the buildup of the ¹³C polarization, we discuss the efficiencies of direct polarization transfer between the electron and ¹³C spins as well as that of ¹³C−¹³C spin diffusion, examining various parameters which are beneficial or detrimental for successful bulk dynamic ¹³C polarization.

We propose a scalable and practical implementation of spin amplification which does not require individual addressing nor a specially tailored spin network. We have demonstrated a gain of 140 in a solid-state nuclear spin system of which the spin polarization has been increased to 0.12 using dynamic nuclear polarization with photoexcited triplet electron spins. Spin amplification scalable to a higher gain opens the door to the single spin measurement for a readout of quantum computers as well as practical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to infinitesimal samples which have been concealed by thermal noise.

This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Akinori Kagawa, Makoto Negoro, Kazuyuki Takeda, and Masahiro Kitagawa, Review of Scientific Instruments 80, 044705 (2009) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3123346., To advance static solid-state NMR with hyperpolarized nuclear spins, a system has been developed enabling dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using electron spins in the photoexcited triplet state with X -band microwave apparatus, followed by static solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments using the polarized nuclear-spin system with a goniometer. In order to perform the DNP and NMR procedures in different magnetic fields, the DNP system and the NMR system are spatially separated, between which the sample can be shuttled while its orientation is controlled in a reproducible fashion. We demonstrate that the system developed in this work is operational for solid-state NMR with hyperpolarized nuclear-spin systems in static organic materials, and also discuss the application of our system.

We propose a scalable and practical implementation of spin amplification which does not require individual addressing nor a specially tailored spin network. We have demonstrated a gain of 140 in a solid-state nuclear spin system of which the spin polarization has been increased to 0.12 using dynamic nuclear polarization with photoexcited triplet electron spins. Spin amplification scalable to a higher gain opens the door to the single spin measurement for a readout of quantum computers as well as practical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to infinitesimal samples which have been concealed by thermal noise.

This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Akinori Kagawa, Makoto Negoro, Kazuyuki Takeda, and Masahiro Kitagawa, Review of Scientific Instruments 80, 044705 (2009) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3123346., To advance static solid-state NMR with hyperpolarized nuclear spins, a system has been developed enabling dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using electron spins in the photoexcited triplet state with X -band microwave apparatus, followed by static solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments using the polarized nuclear-spin system with a goniometer. In order to perform the DNP and NMR procedures in different magnetic fields, the DNP system and the NMR system are spatially separated, between which the sample can be shuttled while its orientation is controlled in a reproducible fashion. We demonstrate that the system developed in this work is operational for solid-state NMR with hyperpolarized nuclear-spin systems in static organic materials, and also discuss the application of our system.

This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Akinori Kagawa, Makoto Negoro, Kazuyuki Takeda, and Masahiro Kitagawa, Review of Scientific Instruments 80, 044705 (2009) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3123346., To advance static solid-state NMR with hyperpolarized nuclear spins, a system has been developed enabling dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using electron spins in the photoexcited triplet state with X -band microwave apparatus, followed by static solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments using the polarized nuclear-spin system with a goniometer. In order to perform the DNP and NMR procedures in different magnetic fields, the DNP system and the NMR system are spatially separated, between which the sample can be shuttled while its orientation is controlled in a reproducible fashion. We demonstrate that the system developed in this work is operational for solid-state NMR with hyperpolarized nuclear-spin systems in static organic materials, and also discuss the application of our system.

We propose a scalable and practical implementation of spin amplification which does not require individual addressing nor a specially tailored spin network. We have demonstrated a gain of 140 in a solid-state nuclear spin system of which the spin polarization has been increased to 0.12 using dynamic nuclear polarization with photoexcited triplet electron spins. Spin amplification scalable to a higher gain opens the door to the single spin measurement for a readout of quantum computers as well as practical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to infinitesimal samples which have been concealed by thermal noise.