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The production and quality of cocoa beans remain key issues for the economy of Cote dIvoire. The fairly humid Ivorian climate promotes increased mold production, leading therefore to a considerable negative impact on beans quality. In this work, a prey predator model was proposed to simulate the molds growth on cocoa beans. Our model (MPM), based on that of Leslie Gower, was identified using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The developed model allows to stimulate the relationship between parameters (i.e. sugar content (Su) and molds (M) with a good accuracy (R=0.9963 and 0.8382 respectively for molds growth and sugar content).

Nowadays data backup format doesn-t cease to appear raising so the anxiety on their accessibility and their perpetuity. XML is one of the most promising formats to guarantee the integrity of data. This article suggests while showing one thing man can do with XML. Indeed XML will help to create a data backup model. The main task will consist in defining an application in JAVA able to convert information of a database in XML format and restore them later., {"references":["G. Sedrati-Dinet. (2006, June 22). Des formats ouverts pour\nl-interoperabilité dans les administrations. (online). Available:\nhttp://www.ffii.fr/Des-formats-ouverts-pour-l-interoperabilite-dans-lesadministration","J. P. Archambault.(2001, October). XML : vers un format documentaire\nuniversel \" (online). Available:\nhttp://www.epi.asso.fr/revue/articles/a0401a.htm","B. Guerry ,D. Taraborelli (2003, November 4). Why use open format?\n(Online). Available: http://www.openformats.org/main","J. P. Meyniac. (2004, May 28). Format de fichiers, attention danger !\nAvailable : http://www.clionautes.org","Open vs. proprietary formats, 2004. Available:\nhttp://www.openformats.org/en1","Definition of open format, http://www.answers.com/topic/open-format","D. Wilson ÔÇÿ-Sélectionner le bon format texte--, Gazette Linux, Janvier\n2004, Vol. n┬░98. Available: http://ftp.traduc.org/doc-vf/gazettelinux/\nhtml/2004/098/lg98-N.html","T. Boyer (2005, September 5). La norme XML. Supinfo-Projects\nAvailable : http://www.supinfo-projects.com/en/2005/norme_xml/","M. Duperrier. (2003, February 21). XML expliqué ├á mon directeur\ngénéral. (Online). Available:\nhttp://xmlfr.org/documentations/articles/030220-0001\n[10] CommentCaMarche. Présentation de XML. (Online) . Available :\nhttp://abdi.pureweb.fr/telechargements/xml.doc\n[11] XML parser. http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_parser.asp\n[12] OASIS ODF Adoption TC. (2006, December 10). Les avantages du\nformat OpenDocument. (Online). Available: http://www.oasisopen.\norg/committees/download.php/21451/oasis_odf_advantages_fr_10\ndec2006.odt"]}

Multicast transmissions allow an host (the source) to send only one flow bound for a group of hosts (the receivers). Any equipment eager to belong to the group may explicitly register itself to that group via its multicast router. This router will be given the responsibility to convey all information relating to the group to all registered hosts. However in an environment in which the final receiver or the source frequently moves, the multicast flows need particular treatment. This constitutes one of the multicast transmissions problems around which several proposals were made in the Mobile IPv6 case in general. In this article, we describe the problems involved in this IPv6 multicast mobility and the existing proposals for their resolution. Then architecture will be proposed aiming to satisfy and optimize these transmissions in the specific case of a mobile multicast receiver in NC-HMIPv6 environment., {"references":["S. Bhattacharyya, \"An Overview of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)\",\nRFC 3569, July 2003.","O. Christ, T. C. Schmidt, and M. Waehlisch, \"A Light-Weight\nImplementation Scheme of the Tree Morphing Protocol for Mobile\nMulticast Sources\", Proc. of 33rd Euromicro Conf., IEEE/CS, Sept.\n2007.","G. Cizault, \"IPv6: Théorie et pratique\", 4ème Edition, 2006.","S. Deering, W. Fenner and B. Haberman, \"Multicast Listener Discovery\n(MLD) for IPv6\", RFC 2710, October 1999.","B. Fenner, M. Handley, H. Holbrook, and I. Kouvelas, \"Protocol\nIndependent Multicast - Sparse Mode PIM-SM): Protocol Specification\n(Revised)\", RFC 4601, August 2006.","A. Garyfalos, and K. Almeroth, \"A Flexible Overlay Architecture for\nMobile IPv6 Multicast\", IEEE Journ. on Selected Areas in Comm., 23\n(11), pp. 2194-2205, November 2005.","A. Garyfalos, K. Almeroth, and K. Sanzgiri, \"Deployment Complexity\nVersus Performance Efficiency in Mobile Multicast\",\nhttp://imj.ucsb.edu/papers/BROADWIM-04.pdf.gz","K. Guillouard, Y. Khouaja, P. Bertin, and J. M. Bonnin, \"Gestion\nHiérarchique de la Mobilité IPv6 Contr├┤lée par le réseau\", http://wwwrp.\nlip6.fr/dnac/3.2-khouaja-article.pdf, 2002.","M. Handley, I. Kouvelas, T. Speakman, and L. Vicisano, \"Bi-directional\nProtocol Independent Multicast (BIDIR-PIM)\", draft-ietf-pim-bidir-\n09.txt, February 2007.\n[10] H. Holbrook and B. Cain, \"Source-Specific Multicast for IP\", RFC\n4607, August 2006.\n[11] C. Jannetau, Y. Tian,, S. Csaba, \"Comparison of Three Approaches\nTowards Mobile Multicast\", www.comnets.rwth- aachen.de/~o_drive/\npublications/ist-summit-2003-IPMobile Multicast-paperv2.0.pdf.\n[12] C. Jelger, \"Multipoint et Mobilité: Optimsations pour IPv6\", LSIITUMR\n7005 - CNRS/ULP, Université Louis Pasteur, mai 2002.\n[13] C. Jelger, T. Noel, \"Multicast for Mobile Hosts in IP Networks: Progress\nand Challenges\", IEEE Wireless Comm., pp 58-64, Oct. 2002.\n[14] C. Jelger, and T. Noel, \"Supporting Mobile SSM sources for IPv6\n(MSSMSv6)\", Internet Draft (work in progress, expired), January 2002.\n[15] D.B. Johnson, C. Perkins and J. Arkko,\"Mobility Support in IPv6\", RFC\n3775, June 2004.\n[16] Kellil, M., Romdhani, Kellil, H.-Y. Lach, A. Bouabdallah, and H.\nBettahar, \"Multicast Receiver and Sender Access Control and its\nApplicability to Mobile IP Environments: A Survey\", IEEE Comm.\nSurveys & Tutorials 7(2), pp. 46-70, 2005.\n[17] R. Koodli, \"Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6\", RFC 4068, July 2004.\n[18] G. Leoleis, G. Prezerakos, and I. Venieris, \"Seamless multicast\nmobility support using fast MIPv6 extensions\", Computer Comm. 29,\npp. 3745-3765, 2006.\n[19] R.C. Lin and K. Cheng, \"Scalable Multicast Protocol in IP-Based\nMobile Networks\", Wireless Networks and Applications, 5, pp. 259-271,\n2000.\n[20] T. Noel, N. Montavont, and P. Bertin, \"Mobilité IPv6 et WLAN:\nExpérimentation et évaluation ├á l'échelle d'un campus\", LSIIT.\nUniversité Louis Pasteur. Strasbourg, décembre 2002, http://wwwrp.\nlip6.fr/dnac/7.1-noel-article.pdf\n[21] C. Perkins, \"IP Mobility Support for IPv4\", RFC 3344, August 2002.\n[22] I. Romdhani, M. Kellil, H.-Y. Lach et. al. \"IP Mobile Multicast:\nChallenges and Solutions\", IEEE Comm. Surveys, 6(1), 2004.\n[23] Romdhani, I., Bettahar, H. and Bouabdallah, A. \"Transparent handover\nfor mobile multicast sources\", in P. Lorenz and P. Dini, eds,\n'Proceedings of the IEEE ICN'06', IEEE Press, 2006.\n[24] H. Soliman, C. Castelluccia, K. El-Malki, and L. Bellier, \"Hierarchical\nMobile IPv6 mobility management\", RFC 4140, August 2005.\n[25] T.C. Schmidt, and M. Waehlisch, \"Multicast Mobility in MIPv6:\nProblem Statement and Brief Survey\", draft-irtf-mobopts-mmcastv6-ps-\n00.txt, May 2007.\n[26] T.C. Schmidt, and M. Waehlisch, \"Seamless Multicast Handover in a\nHierarchical Mobile IPv6 Environment (M-HMIPv6)\", draft-schmidtwaehlisch-\nmhmipv6-04.txt, December 2005.\n[27] Thaler, D. \"Supporting Mobile SSM Sources for IPv6\", Proceedings of\nIETF meeting Dec. 2001, individual.\nURL:www.ietf.org/proceedings/01dec/slides/magma-2.pdf\n[28] R. Vida and L. Costa (Eds.) \"Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2\n(MLDv2) for IPv6\", RFC3810, June 2004.\n[29] R. Vida, L. Costa, and S. Fdida, \"M-HBH - Efficient Mobility\nManagement in Multicast\", Proc. of NGC '02, pp. 105-112, ACM Press\n2002.\n[30] F. Xia, and B. Sarikaya, \"FMIPv6 extensions for Multicast Handover\",\ndraft-xia-mipshop-fmip-multicast-00.txt, September 2006.\n[31] Zhang, H. et al \"Mobile IPv6 Multicast with Dynamic Multicast Agent\",\ndraft-zhang-mipshop-multicast-dma-03.txt, (work in progress), January\n2007."]}