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7. Reduction in carbon Emissions and improvement of performance of diesel engine fuelled with higher alcohols based quaternary blends.

Author

Sharma, R. P., Khan, Md. Modassir, and Kadian, Arun Kumar

Subjects
DIESEL motors, CARBON emissions, ALCOHOL as fuel, DIESEL motor exhaust gas, NEEM oil, CETANE number, DIESEL fuels
Abstract

The use of conventional diesel in diesel engines has resulted in severe environmental threats. The exhaust emissions in the form of oxides of carbon have triggered air pollution, climate change, and global warming. Both developed and developing countries have determined to reduce carbon emissions by switching to renewable energy. Moreover, the fast exhaustion of diesel reserves has created the need for alternate and environmentally friendly fuel. Many researchers have worked upon biodiesel and alcohol to meet the above purpose in this context. Therefore the present work involves using quaternary blends (diesel-biodiesel-vegetable oil-alcohol) in a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. Heptanol and decanol were used as oxygenated additives in the quaternary blends, ensuring complete combustion and lower carbon emissions. Besides, neem biodiesel and neem oil are also oxygenated fuels with higher cetane numbers than diesel. The results for quaternary blends indicate a significant reduction in CO, CO2, and UHC (Unburnt hydrocarbon) emissions compared to diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Emission Reduction and Performance Enhancement of CI Engine Propelled by Neem Biodiesel-Neem Oil-Decanol-Diesel Blends at High Injection Pressure.

Author

Khan, Md Modassir, Kadian, Arun Kumar, Sharma, Rabindra Prasad, Hasnain, S M Mozammil, Mohamed, Ahmed, Ragab, Adham E., Zare, Ali, and Pandey, Shatrudhan

Abstract

Diesel emissions have resulted in air pollution, which is harmful to the sustaining of life. The concerns of energy security and poor air quality have propelled researchers to seek alternate and environment-friendly fuels for the transport sector, keeping diesel engines at the core. Thus, a quaternary blend (diesel-biodiesel-vegetable oil-alcohol) proves to be a promising key to address the above problems. This experimental work focuses aims on investigating the performance and emissions of a diesel engine powered with quaternary blends by changing the fuel injection pressure. The quaternary blend comprised of diesel, neem biodiesel, pure neem oil, and decanol was used to prepare quaternary blends of varied volumetric proportions. This study involves the testing of quaternary blends at varied fuel injection pressure (IP) ranging from 400–500 bar. The engine load varied from 10 Nm to 20 Nm, and the shaft speed was constant at 2000 rpm. It was evident from the outcomes that the least DBODec45 resulted in minimum carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions, which were obtained to be 83.33% and 54.5% less than diesel at 500 bar and at a load of 10 Nm and 20 Nm, respectively. Moreover, the blend containing 45% of decanol led to the lowest NOx and smoke concentrations. The lowest brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was achieved at 500 bar and 20 Nm for the same blend and was found to be 3.22% higher than diesel. Moreover, at the same IP and load, DBODec45 led to highest BTE, which was 3.26% lower than pure diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. Material flow analysis of similar and dissimilar friction stir welding

Author

Kadian, Arun Kumar

Subjects
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Abstract

Supervisor: Pankaj Biswas, In the present work, material flow models for similar and dissimilar friction stir welding are developed to study the material flow behavior in the weld region. Prior to developing the material flow models, heat generation equations are derived based on Coulumb fiction and the plastic deformation heat generation inside the plate. The laminar and K-ε turbulence models are used to study the material flow profile in a commercial finite volume package ANSYS Fluent. The material properties are highly significant in the development of a flow model, therefore temperature and strain rate dependent material properties has been used in the current analysis. The viscosity of the material used in all the models is based on Zener-Holloman parameters which are found to be best-suited for the material flow model. The results obtained from the numerical model are compared with conducted experiments. The numerical models produced best results are further used to study the influence of seven different tool geometries on material flow. It was observed that the tool geometry significantly affects the material flow in the welding region. The best tool geometry is used for conducting the dissimilar friction stir welding of Aluminum AA6061 and copper B-210 alloy. The same tool geometry is used for the study of material flow behavior with volume of fluid (VOF) model. The effect of tool rotation and traverse speed are also studied and the defect-prone area is identified in the material flow model. The VOF model is further used to analyze the material flow behavior of a weldment having worm defect. It is found that the defected plate has lower velocity magnitude in comparison to a defect free weld in the welding region.

Published
2018

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