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We investigated the effect of electron correlation for three-electrons systems on the K-shell, KL(1S)-shells (singlet states), and KL(3S)-shells (triplet states) in the ground state of Li-like ions (Li atom, Be+ ion, B+2 ion, and C+3 ion). While studying about the properties of atoms, you will look at values of positions corresponding to the maximum values of one particle's radial function D(r). Approximation techniques such as Hartree-Fock (HF) and Configuration Interaction (CI) were also used to compute the inter particle distribution of functions f(r12) and the differences in positions values (Δr) and maximum values ΔD(r) for the inter-shells KL(1S)-shells (singlet states) and KL(3S) inter particle (r12). As the number of ionizations increases, so do the attraction potential energy and the repulsion potential energy ; however, there is a significant difference in this case, which applies to the energies values , < T >, and < E >. All computations in Mathematics 2015 were done in atomic units, and the attributes obtained via equations were programmed, finally, the obtained data were treated statistically using the statistical program SPSS version 20,to find out the extent of convergence or divergence in the results between the current work and the practical data. It is possible to benefit from the results obtained in predicting and interpreting electronic spectra, such as UV-Vis absorption spectra, is facilitated by Hartree-Fock calculations. These simulations assist in understanding experimental spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to estimate the level of radioactivity and its risks as a result of eating some food additives collected from the Iraqi market due to their frequent use in Iraqis' food. The study of these materials together was the first locally. Sodium Iodide NaI (Tl) detector was used to measure the concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. The average value of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in processed products were 5.230, 3.294 and 246.395 Bq.kg-1, while for additives products were 4.287, 2.541 and 118.307 Bq.kg-1, respectively. For all age groups (y < 3, 3 < y < 10, y ≥ 10), annual committed effective dose μSv with an average values 0.023, 0.012 and 0.014 respectively, equivalent dose for stomach with an average 119, 146 and 170 *10-5 ms.y-1 respectively, also equivalent dose ms.y-1 for large intestine with an average 8.312, 4.266 and 4.985*10-5 ms.y-1 respectively . Over life cancer risk, the International Commission on Radiation Protection's recommended detriment adjusted nominal risk coefficients and estimated committed effective dose were multiplied to calculate the estimated lifetime cancer risks of 8.312*10-5, 4.266*10-5, and 4.985*10-5 respectively .These estimated values are significantly lower than the 2.5 x 10-3 ICRP cancer risk based on an annual dose limit of 1mSv for the general public, which results in an annual death probability of 10-5, or 1 in 100,000. The estimated values are less than the global permissible value ICRP and NCRP reports, which means that the materials studied and consumed in abundance are safe for health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows the natural radioactivity of alpha particles that result from the decay of radium to radon-222. Thus, radon gas was identified in several powder milk varieties in this investigation utilizing a solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) and CR-39 closed container technology analysis. Since milk is consumed by so many people, it is crucial to analyze it. Analysis of radon 222Rn concentrations is very essential to achieve the relative contributions of several chemicals to the total amount of radon in the human body. According to the findings, the average radon in Bq/m3 concentration was found to be 0.0129, which is less than the internationally permissible values, radon exhalation rate mBqm/ h2 with an average 1.536*10-6, also the annual effective dose in mSv/y with an average 5.374*10-5. The average number of colon cancer cases annually per million CPPP is 1.074*10-10. All values were below the ICRP-recorded globally permitted level. Pearson coefficient for the coefficients calculated in this research it was found that the relationship is direct and correlation is significant. Therefore one can conclude that all powder milk samples analyzed in this study are safe to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer is considered one of the most common diseases in Iraq, so we decided to study it from a radiological perspective, where 25 blood samples were collected from people with prostate cancer and 25 samples from healthy men. The two groups were divided into age groups. After obtaining the samples from the National Hospital for Oncology and Blood in Najaf in March 2022, they were stored according to controls. Nuclear trace detectors technology was used, which was used to calculate the number of Alpha particles (ρ) to know the average concentration of radon gas in the airspace Ca (Bq.m-3) of the measuring room and the radon concentration in samples of Cs (Bq.m-3) in the blood of people with prostate cancer. The average concentration was the highest compared to the average concentration of radon in the blood of a group of healthy men. The effectiveness of radioactivity A(Bq), the average radon concentration in blood samples, the average uranium concentration (ppb), and finally the lifetime risk (LTR%) of exposure were calculated from the radon concentration. Ultimately, based on data from Rn, which produces a variety of short-lived radioactive decay products (referred to as radon progeny), daily alpha particle concentrations were found to be emitted from the samples in two cases, which include polonium (218Po) and polonium (214Po). ) respectively, where the particles of 218Po were higher compared to 214Po. When independent testing was performed using statistics (SPSS) between the two groups, there was statistical evidence in favor of those affected. This study is considered good as a new basis for subsequent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to cite this article: Shaymaa Awad Kadhim, Suhad H.Mohsen, Ban Hussein Ali, Yasir mortada mjeed, I. Hossain, Shatha F. Alhous, Hayder H. Hussein, Bahjat S. Hameed (2024) Evaluating the Lifetime Risk of cancer in Different Soil Types for Selected Samples of Specific parts of the Soil of the Faculty of Science Building, Najaf, Iraq, Library Progress International, 44(2s), 113-120. ABSTRACT The current study was conducted on soil samples taken from areas of unconstructed soil from the Faculty of Science at the University of Kufa in Najaf, Iraq, to evaluate exposure to gamma rays resulting from natural radiation in the selected location. Using a portable survey dosimeter "Inspector + Alert model RAP RS1, S.E. International, Inc, USA", a Geiger-Muller tube equipped with a highly sensitive gamma detector, we were able to determine the average equivalent dose of natural radionuclides at 49 soil location which taken the samples soil. Average internal and external absorbed dose in nGy. h-1 and were 45.5694±5.801 and 59.2402±7.542, respectively. The internal and external average annual effective dose was also calculated in mSv.y-1 and where was 0.2906 and 0.0559, respectively also the average total annual effective dose equivalent was 0.3465, show the average equivalent annual effective dose values are lower than those reported worldwide in previous literature so it is possible to say that health risks were calculated, but the results did not demonstrate the existence of serious risks to students, and staff of the Faculty of Science living in the studied sites. The radiological variables that were calculated were used to extract the overall rate of the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR), and the lowest value was within the internationally accepted limit, which is 1.45 x 10-3, lower compared to UNICEAR 2000. The statistical program SPSS version 23 was used to compare soil type with increased lifetime risk of cancer, where we found it the (chi-square) value was 344.526 and was not statistically significant. The p value was greater than 0.05 and the correlation of (chi-square) equal to 0.2, which means that the radioactivity of the studied samples was close. The results of the area under study will not pose a significant risk to humans as recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hereditary condition called beta thalassemia is defined by a decreased or nonexistent synthesis of beta-globin chains, which are a part of hemoglobin. The protein in red blood cells called hemoglobin is responsible for transporting oxygen to all of the body's tissues. Deficiencies in selenium and copper can cause a variety of health concerns, such as impaired immune system performance, heart difficulties, and anomalies in the nervous system. Objective: Assess the selenium and copper levels in patients with thalassemia to look for imbalances or deficits relative to normal limits. This can reveal information about the nutritional condition of those with thalassemia. Methods: In the research, 40 female and 40 male patients were compared to 20 female and male healthy controls who were matched for ages. Samples were collected between (July 1 - September)2023. the patients were questioned to gather information on sociodemographic factors. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) was used to determine level of selenium and copper Results: For (β-Th) female patients, selenium level was higher than that of the female control group; however, for (β-Th) male patients, selenium level was similar in the male control group. The mean serum copper level was lower in male beta thalassemia patients with β-Th than in the male control group.. The association between the individuals who were infected within and outside the city was also discovered, and the outcome comprised 63 patients from the city center and 19 patients with beta thalassemia from beyond the city. Compared to patients from the city center, patients from outside the city had higher average levels of copper and selenium. Conclusions: Serum Se and Cu might play a role in the patients with β-Th. Cu is related to many diseases, such as Wilson's disease, mineral deficiency related for (Se) to the body's muscles, and iron deficiency, so it can be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The hereditary hemoglobinopathies that include beta thalassemia (β-thalassemia) are brought on by a mutation in the beta globin gene, which results in minimally functioning hemoglobin, damaged red blood cells, and anemia. The most prevalent genetic hemoglobinopathy in the world, thalassemia affects 4.4 out of every 10,000 live births. The bulk of patients in poor nations pass away before turning 20. Method: Data was retrieved via all patient registration records from the Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital's Thalassemia Center for two genders until December 31, 2022. Objective: The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of thalassemia patients, their incidence rate, rate of change and trend in Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq, it was the first study for this region. Result: Through data processing and processing for both genders, it was found that the prevalence of thalassemia increases with population expansion. the prevalence of thalassemia in Najaf was 75.9 per 100,000 persons in 2018, rising to 94.21 in 2022 while the incidence of thalassemia in 2018 was 1.08/100,000, while the highest incidence rate was 4.33 in 2021 and lowest incidence rate was 0.12 in 2022. Conclusion: Greater knowledge of the demographics of these diseases has the potential to assist in the more effective use of health care resources, establish seminars on educating the population about the disease and reducing its progression, as well as enhancing health care planning and delivery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study derives the Hartree-Fock equations for multi-electron systems by solving the Hartree-Fock equations via algebraic approximation, or Hartree-Fock-Ruthan (H-F-R), utilizing the electron density functions (r1, r2). a method using Slater-type atomic orbitals to determine the relationship between the orbitals and the examined atomic properties of the determined atomic numbers. The radial density distribution function D(r1) for one electron, and the anticipated values of one-particle 〈r_1^n 〈 for two-electrons in orbital (2S2) are the features examined in this investigation. Also, the selected atoms have atomic numbers between 4 and 15. The outcome demonstrated that as the atomic number (Z) climbed, so did the maximum values of D (r1) and the expected value. Additionally, the nuclear magnetic shielding constant [ (σ] _d) increased as Z increased, the equations have been programmed in Mathematics 2001i and all calculations have been calculated in atomic units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between the effect of the outer electrons in the 1S and 2S orbitals of the oxygen atom and some of its ions (O, +1O, +2O, +3O, and+4O). The inter-particle distribution function f(r12) which describes the probability of finding two electrons separated by a distance, the one-particle radial density distribution function D(r1), and the predicted values for the Hartree -Fock technique (, ) are some of the atomic features that you will explore. where n is a number in the range of (-2 to 2). The energy expectation and attractive potential energy are also included in the standard deviation , repel potential energy , total potential energy , kinetic energy , and total energy . We can concluded that raising the atomic number increases the amount of ionization of the elements under study, which in turn raises all the studied energies. The study showed that the total energy values for the 1s orbital of the oxygen atom are -58.76655 H, and the energy value for the 2s orbital is -9.72325 H. As for the oxygen ion +1O, the energies for the 1s and 2s orbitals were their values (-58.78363,-10.14142) for the +2O the value of energy was (-58.82966, -10.67012) while the +3O the value was (-58.90483, -11.23473) finally for the +4O was (-59.01597,-11.82131) by Hartree unit. Using the Hartree-Fock approximation, the aforementioned atomic properties were calculated. All functions used in this study were standard. The equations were programmed using Math CAD 2015. As for the calculations performed, they were all calculated in Hartee units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of soil radioactivity levels for faculty science at the university of Kufa is a critical topic due to the importance of the fact that its employees are of different categories of people. Twenty samples of soils were picked up from the study area and the specific activity of the 232Th, 226Ra and 40K nuclei was measured by a gamma ray spectrometer system connected with the NaI detector. The values various from (23.851-3.863) Bq/kg with mean (12.598 Bq/kg) to 226Ra, (3.757-15.164) Bq/kg with average (7.884 Bq/kg) to 232Th and (152.125-447.822) Bq/kg with mean (238.355 Bq/kg) to 40K. The 40K concentrations have a significant specific activity value more than uranium and thorium concentrations. The equivalent activity of radium, outdoor and indoor absorbed doses, and external and internal hazard indices are also calculated; their values, with the exception of one indoor absorbed dose value, were all below the allowed limits. Excess Life time Cancer Risk (ELCR) associated with the equivalent Effective Annual Dose (EADE) was also calculated, as its value was (0.554 × 10-3) less than the internationally permissible limits (1.45 × 10-3), which indicates that the studied area is healthy and as an indicator for future studies, the radioactive map of the activity of the three nuclides was also drawn with a program surfer 13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of cement as a basic material in construction, this study was undertaken to evaluate the level of radioactivity in a selected group of cement samples most used in construction to determine whether they are safe for human health. In this investigative study, nine samples of cement, both domestic and imported, that are often used in construction projects in Iraq were gathered. A NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer (3"x3") was used to measure the radioactivity in the samples. The average specific activity levels in the tested cement samples were 11.373±0.522, 5.795 ± 0.230, and 179.123±2.207 Bq/Kg, respectively. Also calculated was the average of the radium, which was equivalent to 33.449±1.022 Bq/kg. As for the risk indicators, the internal risk coefficient was 0.121±0.004 and external risk coefficient was 0.090 ±0.002. While studying the radiation doses, the values of effective annual internal dose was 0.080 mSv/y, external dose rates were 0.020 mSv/y, absorbed dose ratio was 16.321±0.476 nGy/h, and gamma index was 0.253±0.007. In the end, and depending on what was studied from various variables, with an average of 115.59 Sv/y, the annual gonadal equivalent dose risk (AGED) was calculated. The world average values were used to compare all the results. Finally, it was discovered that the radiation parameter levels of none of the samples had a detrimental effect on human health.

Objective: To evaluate radioactivity levels in soil samples and their physical impact on the population., Methods: The experimental radiation study was conducted by researchers belonging to the Kufa University in Al- Najaf, Iraq, in August 2020, and comprised soil samples from Al-Rahma area. Sodium iodide detector activated with a trace amount of Thallium with crystal dimensions 3" x 3" was used to calculate the concentration of Radium, Thorium and Potassium., Results: Among the 15 samples collected, the average ± standard deviation (SD) concentration for Radium, Thorium and Potassium was 0.1776±0.12, 0.726±0.435 and 1.9128±1.105%, respectively. The reported value of excess lifetime cancer risk was 1.2819×10-3., Conclusions: The area studied was found to be a safe area and did not pose a health threat to the locals.

Objective: To evaluate radioactivity levels in soil samples and their physical impact on the population., Methods: The experimental radiation study was conducted in northern Kufa, Al Najaf Governorate, Iraq, in March 2020 by researchers from the Kufa University, Iraq and comprised soil samples. A gamma spectrometer equipped with a sodium iodide detector activated with a trace amount of thallium was used to calculate the concentration of radium, thorium and potassium. Data was analysed using SPSS 20., Results: There were 30 samples. The average concentration of Radium, Thorium and Potassium was (0.824± 0.392)ppm, (1.536± 0.645)ppm and( 0.597± 0.195)%, respectively, and the radiation hazards were lower than the permissible levels. The reported value of excess lifetime cancer risk was (1.2819 ±0.156)×10-3, and the annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) was 116.496± 41.255 (mSv. y-1), which was lower than the recommended limit. There was a positive, strong and significant relationship of radium with all the variables (p<0.05) studied except with potassium (p>0.05). Thorium was positively and significantly associated with all the variables (p<0.05)., Conclusions: The study area was found to be safe and there was no relationship between the radiation levels of the studied nuclides and the risk of cancer.

The main sources of natural background radiation are radon, thoron and their progeny, which may cause health risks to humans. Keeping in mind the importance of the subject, three samples each from 10 selected residential areas, including the centre of Babylon Governorate, Iraq, and its districts, were collected. Concentration of radon and thoron was measured using solid-state track detectors (CR-39). The arithmetic means of the concentration of radon and thoron were 47.367±19.56 and 133.246±16.585 Bqm-3, respectively; these values are considered safe when compared with the upper reference level of 200-600 Bqm-3 recommended by the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP). The value of the inhalation equivalent dose from radon gas discovered in these areas with rate 37.893 nSv is less than the value of the global average of 1.15 mSv. This indicates that the risks related to inhalation of radon are low as the lung dose rate (DLung), tracheobronchial region (DT-B), annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) is (1.894 nGyh-1, 22.736 nSv, 0.236 mSvy-1 and 0.835 x10-3), respectively. While the value of the inhalation equivalent dose (IED) from thoron as effective dose to lung DLung, AED and ELCR are equal to (0.133 nSv, 0.167 mSvy-1 and 0.587 x 10-3), respectively. To conclude, the rates in the study area are less than the ICRP recommended level of 3 mSv; therefore, the studied areas are safe from the health risks of inhalation of radon and thoron.