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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a post activation potential application response in sprinting and change of direction performance. Fifteen physically active, healthy men (age 23.5±2.0 years, height 175.0±7.6 cm, body weight 72.2±8.5 kg, body fat 15.7±2.9 %) voluntarily participated in this study. Cross sectional research design with a single group (n=15) and repeated tests was used and applicants participated in sprint and pro-agility tests 8 minutes after the pre-conditioning (PC) with weight wests that corresponded 5% and 10% of their body weights in different days without pre-conditioning. For PC, 8 minutes before for each 30m sprint and pro-agility tests, they did a resisted running with a weight vest corresponding 5% and 10% of their body weights. Analysis shows that, sprint after PC activity as resistance running with %5 and %10 of body weight (p<0.05) and agility (p<0.05) data showed statistically significant difference. According to the results of Bonferroni post-hoc correction, 30m sprint test times, which were performed 8 minutes after the PC which includes a 30m sprint with weight vests corresponding to 5% of their body weight, showed an increase from control test times, 4.34±0.23 seconds to 4.40±0.24 seconds respectively. This 0.07 second increase is statistically significant (p<0.05). In our study, PAP effect being observed as negative, might be related with the lower body weight percentages of resisted running exercise which was selected for PAP.

The aim of this research was to designate and compare the pacing profiles of the Turkish and Non-Turkish female and male athletes completed and ranked in the first tenth (n = 79) in the determined half-marathon road races held in Turkey. The pacings of the athletes were divided into 5 separate segments (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-21.1 km) and calculated on the basis of their average transition speed (min:sec/km). The differences both between the pacing profiles of the Turkish and Non-Turkish athlete groups and between the successive segments within the groups were examined separately for women and men with the variance analysis for mixed patterns. According to the results, there was no statistical differences between the pacing profiles of both female and male Turkish and Non-Turkish athletes (p > 0.05). In addition, there was also no difference between the successive segments within the groups (p > 0.05). According to these results, it can be said that the pacing profiles of the Turkish and Non-Turkish elite athletes were similar and close to even pacing profile without a last sprint. Although it was not statistically significant, all the athletes had small decreases in their pacings in the first 15 km of the race. In the last 6.1 km segment, while small increases in the pacings of the Non-Turkish female athletes were observed, the pacings of the Turkish women athletes were more even with small decreases. Considering the whole race, it was seen that the athletes showed pacing profiles close to positive and reverse J-shaped pacing profile.

The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate and delayed effects of the kinesio-taping on the hand grip strength. Six-teen female volleyball players currently competing in Turkey Women's Volleyball 2nd league (age 18.1±2.3 years, height 172.9±7.3 cm) voluntarily participated in this study. In cross-over research design, all participants participated in a total of 4 different measurements, immediately after kinesio-taping (1), immediately after placebo taping (2), after volleyball training (3), 48h post taping (4). In kinesio-taping, approximately 2-3 cm ends of kinesio-tapes were applied without tension, and the middle region was stretched by approximately 10-15% in "Y-shape". Hand grip strength measurements were made 4 times on different days that before kinesio-taping, immediately after kinesio-taping, immediately after training and 48 hours after taping with a portable handheld dynamometer. According to the results of the one-way repeated measures ANOVA, the kinesio-taping to forearm didn't elicit any significant changes in hand grip strength over the conditions (p > 0.05). The results of the current study showed that the kinesio-taping in female volleyball players did not have a significant effect on immediate, right after training and 48 hours after taping, compared to placebo taping measurements in dominant and non-dominant maximal hand grip strength.