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The treatment of low back pain usually includes exercise, analgesics, prostheses, and, in severe cases, surgery. Early treatments based on postural control are essential to prevent low back pain and mitigate permanent damage. This paper presents a wearable device with an estimated cost below $100 that uses inertial units with triaxial accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to measure the orientation of three sections of the spine. The device integrates the absolute and relative orientations from the sensors to estimate the posture of the back in real-time and uses a fuzzy system to control a vibration unit that indicates to the user when to correct the posture of the back. This paper validated the device in controlled conditions, obtaining an rms deviation ≤1.24, and conducted a preliminary clinical pilot study with patients afflicted by lumbar hyperlordosis. This paper observed improved postural control and a reduction of low back pain in all cases. These results show the device's promising potential to reduce pain, improve postural therapies, and raise postural awareness in patients with low back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major issue in the medical field worldwide is the limited number of organ donors available for transplants. The conventional methods are constrained by issues like scarcity of donors, further harm, and limited resources. The 3D printing technology provides a hopeful remedy by allowing the quick creation of customized tissue scaffolds, fixing tissue defects with cells, and potentially printing organs and tissues. These customized implants blend with the patient's tissue and include specific material patterns and cell clusters to promote cell growth and maturation, aiding in tissue repair. This review examines the existing obstacles and progress in 3D printing for medical purposes, specifically focusing on materials and extracellular matrix fabrication, showcasing different types of biomedical materials and recent innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For orthopedic implants, biocompatibility is essential to ensure that they integrate with biological systems without causing negative reactions or impairing tissue function. Orthopedic implants must be cellularly acceptable to interact with neighboring tissues, including muscle, cartilage, and bone. Implant materials should not cause cytotoxic reactions or inflammatory responses that might hinder healing or result in long-term inflammation. Progress in surface engineering and biomaterials science is discovering implants that work well with the body, benefiting patients in the long run. The biocompatibility of orthopedic implants, their interaction with surrounding tissues, and the potential for biological problems are all important aspects of their design and operation. Orthopedic implants must be successful and long-lasting to ensure biocompatibility, promote osseointegration (osteointegration), avoid biofilm development, and consider the patient's biological environment. This paper discusses biocompatibility in orthopedic implants, its advancements, and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the current challenges and potential solutions in the field of bioprinting tissues and organs. It highlights that most bioprinted tissues are small, composed of few cell types, lack vascular systems, and have limited functionality. This paper emphasizes the need to develop methods to obtain various functional cell types, create vascular systems for nutrient delivery, and enhance the size and capabilities of 3D-printed tissue structures. Additionally, it explores the advancements in nanorobots in the medical field, focusing on their unique properties and applications in various medical areas like cancer, cardiology, and neurology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a cutting-edge technology that analyzes complex data using computer algorithms. Diagnostic imaging is one of the most potential clinical uses of AI, and increasing effort is being put toward optimizing its functionality to make a wide range of clinical problems easier to identify and quantify. Research employing computeraided diagnostics has demonstrated exceptional precision, sensitivity, and specificity in identifying minute radiographic irregularities, which has promise for enhancing public health. However, lesion identification is often used to define result assessment in AI imaging research, neglecting the nature and biological aggressiveness of a lesion. This might lead to a distorted portrayal of AI's performance. Some AI imaging research evaluate clinically significant results, whereas others compute sensitivity and specificity to quantify diagnostic accuracy. Though AI frequently picks up on little changes to images, more significant outcome factors include newly discovered advanced disease, illnesses that need to be treated, or circumstances that might have an impact on long-term survival. AI-based research should concentrate on clinically significant events since they have a significant impact on quality of life, such as symptoms, the requirement for disease-modifying medication, and death. Numerous research have demonstrated that AI outperforms normal reading in terms of specificity and recall rates; nevertheless, the kind and biological aggressiveness of a lesion are often overlooked in the estimation of accuracy and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realm of 3D printing is rapidly evolving, offering a wide range of options from typical thermoplastics to advanced graphene-based composites. This technology improves production efficiency and gives consumers more control over customizing products and specifications. However, alongside its transformative potential, 3D printing also presents challenges, such as potential impacts on manufacturing jobs and security issues. Since its modest beginnings in developing visualization models, 3D printing has evolved to transform the manufacturing of distinct devices, implants, tissue engineering scaffolds, and drug delivery systems. This paper explores the most recent progress in 3D printing materials, including smart materials, ceramics, electronics, biomaterials, and composites, emphasizing the significance of adapting to changing materials and product requirements. It delves into the complex connection between printing parameters and the characteristics of printed composite parts, providing new opportunities to improve the strength and functionality of 3D-printed components. This review highlights how 3D printing can be utilized in various industries, such as medical devices and explosives research, using materials such as titanium, aluminum, carbon fiber, and thermoplastic polyurethanes. With the continuous growth of the 3D printing field, it is essential to adopt new methods and materials to fully realize its impact on the future of manufacturing and product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioprinting has been a trending technology in recent years. It is a combination of engineering and biology. It can be used in the fields of tissue engineering and drug screening. It can be used to print 3D structures using 3D modeling software and to print with cultured cells. Bioink should have cells with the following characteristics: cell viability, cell differentiation, degradation, biocompatibility, and printability. Bioink contains biomaterials, living cells, and growth factors that are used to grow the cells. The replaced cells should possess chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. There are several methods to print biological organs, including microextrusion, inkjet bioprinting, and stereolithography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several classifications that describe the way materials function in the body. Devices that mimic a portion or function of the body in a safe, dependable, cost-effective, and physiologically appropriate way are made using biomaterials. Numerous tools and substances are now employed in the treatment of illness or injury, including everyday objects like tooth fillings, sutures, needles, catheters, plates, and so on. As time goes on, a synthetic substance that functions in close contact with live tissue or replaces a portion of a biological system might be summed up as a biomaterial. A biomaterial is described as "a systemically and pharmacologically inert substance designed for implantation within or incorporation with living things" by the Clemson University Advisory Board for Biomaterials. Materials, whether synthetic or natural, that may be utilized in any system that treats, enhances, or substitutes any organ, tissue, or bodily function for any length of time or on the other hand, a biological substance is one that is created by a biological system, like skin or an artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]