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Background: A surgical site infection (SSI) is any infection occurring after a medical intervention. It is the most common nosocomial infection in low- and middle-income countries. It has raised both mortality and morbidity. Resistance to antibiotics due to irrational use has further added to the severity of the problem. Aims and Objectives: The current study was designed with the aim of determining the incidence of SSIs among patients operated on a tertiary care hospital, along with their antibiogram. Materials and Methods: An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 150 patients with suspected SSI were included in this study over a period of 1 year, from August 2021 to July 2022. An adult patient with pus, serous, or seropurulent discharge from the surgical wound was included in the study. Information was obtained using a pre-designed and pre-tested schedule. Identification of the colony was done by gram staining and inoculation on 5% sheep blood agar and Mac Conkey agar plates. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 152 patients were included in the study. The incidence of SSI was found to be 38.2%. The mean age of the participants was 47.7 ± 21.6 years. The maximum incidence of SSI was noted in the 5th decade of life. Among the 58 patients’ samples, 65 aerobic bacterial colonies were isolated. Out of which Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the commonest organisms. On performing an antibiogram, a higher degree of resistance was observed among Gram-negative organisms. Conclusion: SSI adds to the mortality as well as the morbidity of the patients. Not only this, but it also adds to the expenses. A more stringent surveillance system and reinforcement of the guidelines was the need of the hour to overcome this problem of hospital-acquired infections.

The Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a hybrid non-traditional process which is specifically used for machining of conducting as well as non-conducting materials. In this research work, the fabricated ECDM experimental setup was used to machine the Soda-lime glass material with Brass tool material. The experiments were done on Soda-lime glass material with the help of Taguchi L27 orthogonal array method and analysed by using MINITAB 17 software. The average hole diameter and average machined depth results were checked after ECDM drilling on Soda-lime glass material with considering the input process parameters such as an electrolyte concentration, voltage and rotation. The experimental results indicated that voltage was the most dominant factor for average machined depth followed by an electrolyte concentration and rotation speed. The rotation speed was the most dominant factor for average hole diameter followed by voltage and electrolyte concentration.

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a hybrid machining formed by combining the principles of electrochemical machining and electrical discharge machining. The ECDM is unconventional micromachining that can fabricate holes, blind holes, micro-cavities and grooves on brittle insulating materials such as quartz, glass, silicon wafers and different composites that are difficult to machine. These non-conducting materials have sundry applications such as Micro Electric-Mechanical Systems, biomedical and electronics items. The ECDM provides maximum material removal rate and good surface quality with minor tool wear. The study describes how different process parameters affect machining. The assessment mainly focuses on various tool electrode geometries and materials that are used in ECDM. The present article investigates the ramifications of different types of electrolytes and additives mixed in electrolytes used during the ECDM process on the machined zone. This paper comprehensively reviews the effect of change in applied voltage, machining gap and an inter-electrode gap in the ECDM and it also analyses the fabrication of different materials including glass, quartz, ceramics and composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper addresses the urgent need to comprehensively assess the preparedness of the Indian automobile industry for adopting Industry 4.0 technologies, a critical imperative for sustaining global competitiveness in one of the world's largest and fastestgrowing automotive sectors. The study introduces the Maturity Assessment and Readiness for Industry 4.0 in the Indian Automobile Industry (MARI-IA) Scale, offering a novel contribution to the scientific discourse on this vital issue. Literature Review: The existing literature review underscores the scarcity of tailored tools specifically designed to evaluate Industry 4.0 readiness in the distinctive context of the Indian automotive industry. Methodology: To bridge this gap, the paper employs a survey methodology involving 55 participants from 14 diverse organisations, spanning original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), supplier industries, and service centers. The chosen research object is these organisations, strategically selected to represent the spectrum of the industry. Utilising the MARI-IA Scale, the study systematically assesses maturity and readiness across five pivotal dimensions: Vision, Machines, Practices, Products, and People. Results: The findings reveal discernible variations in readiness levels, with OEMs exhibiting the highest preparedness, followed by supplier and service industries. Large-scale industries consistently outperform their medium, small, and micro-scale counterparts, indicating a pronounced scale-dependent disparity. Notably, the 'People' dimension garnered the highest rating, suggesting an existing readiness for skill enhancement initiatives and heightened customer awareness initiatives. In contrast, the 'Vision' dimension is rated the lowest, signalling a pressing need for increased strategic commitment and top management involvement in implementing Industry 4.0 initiatives. Value: The empirical analysis conducted substantiates the relevance and applicability of the MARI-IA Scale in effectively evaluating Industry 4.0 readiness in the unique context of the Indian automobile industry. Beyond a mere assessment tool, the results of this study carry significant practical implications for stakeholders, offering a roadmap for enhancing Industry 4.0 preparedness and maintaining a competitive edge in the global automotive landscape. This research is a foundational resource for scholars, industry practitioners, and policymakers navigating the dynamic landscape of Industry 4.0 adoption in the Indian automobile sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An upsurge in demand and extensive effort in orthopedic implants directed toward innovative biomaterials for orthopedic applications. Orthopedic implants are significantly used in mature alternatives to retain, restore or modify the defective bone or tissue. However, exhaustive research in the past reveals various health-associated problems that can be effectively overcome by inventing newer kinds of biomaterials. The selection of optimal materials and the fabrication process are crucial challenges enforced by numerous novel materials that could be made for orthopedic applications. This paper intends to systematically assess the processing method employed in manufacturing the biomaterials for orthopedic applications. However, the success of biomedical implants in orthopedic are commonly restricted owing to insufficient bone-implant integration, wear debris induced osteolysis, and implant-associated infections. Nevertheless, the endeavor has also been intended to enhance the biological properties of the biomaterials by surface modification process while retaining their strength and hardness. Furthermore, various surface modifications have been comprehended. This review conferred contemporary advancements in surface coating approaches in orthopedic to enhance their osteointegration, improve corrosion resistance and accomplish antibacterial performance, clinical success and long-term service. The insight review has revealed the current outcomes in the field of engineering biomaterials concerning surface modifications of metallic implants or composite for enhancing their biological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]